Introduction
The UAS that will be selected for this work must meet the standards for searching in forests and limited visibility, be sufficiently maneuverable, and have a multiplicity of proximity. A model like the STRIX-400 can do it. Firstly, a high wing will reduce the fuse lag from the already mounted payload side. This wing is necessary since it reduces the payload blockage while mounted. In the case of low wings, the payloads are mounted sideways based on their reconnaissance types in front of the wings to protect them from destruction and explosions (Choi et al., 2019). Secondly, its dimensions allow it to overcome obstacles in the woods without the risk of breakage during the rescue operation. When the sensing windows of the payloads are integrated into pods, the sensing is improved, enabling technical operators to locate and identify the wider region quickly. The main mission pursued by this technology is work safety and improved working conditions.
Necessary Payload
In addition, the use of satellites allows you to count on additional functionality and an improved navigation system. Since the control of such devices is difficult even in normal visibility conditions, the operator must not only be professionally trained to control the drone but also know its characteristics and have constant eye contact, which only satellite communication can do. These satellites improve access to high visibility and aid pilots and the crew in quickly viewing a variety of regions. They are mounted internally within the UAS and integrated downwards or sideways to reduce fuselage blockages (Gundlach, 2011). The payloads enable the pilots in aircraft with canopies which assist in the replacement of the minimal field of view. Communication satellites are an alternative to bubble canopies since they have redonned which most aircraft contain in their provisions.
Integration of Payloads to Support Application
In addition to installing the necessary equipment, it is required to understand what it should consist of. The main branch can be a night vision device if the rescue operation is carried out in the dark. Thus, it will be easier to navigate in space, as well as to notice important details. It is also essential to install a thermal imaging camera to illuminate the victim and indicate his exact location. However, it is necessary to take into account the nuances because other forms of life may inhabit the forest, so it is essential to pay attention to the silhouettes that this device will show on the screen. When integrating the communication satellites, the lower fuselage provides the antennae which support both air and field communications. This low position has limited blockages for high-flown aircraft, improving their safe landing and takeoff. To minimize risks, fixed landing gears are not used to install the payloads into the UAS (He et al., 2017). The upper fuselage is mounted behind the wings, which improves sights to enable the command and proper control of the satellites.
Most satellites use large antennas structured to resemble the payloads and have both antennas at the top and bottom of their wings. The vertical tails of the payloads offer string fields of visualization and are mounted with shadow 200, which are positioned on the surfaces (Minwalla et al., 2017). Finally, the antennae are integrated into various winglets incorporated in the UA systems to allow for the proper communication and transmission of information in both systems. The communication payloads are suitable when they are slightly above the grounds hence improving the operations of the UAS and the aircraft.
Payload Integration Considerations
When integrating the payloads, the risks and positioning of the satellites should be considered. The communication gadgets have high energy that can interfere with UAS communications. In addition, the RF energy produced can cause the degradation of the machines and the environment. There is an emission of EMI, which cause failures in the subsystem since the robust systems of the UA radiate in a manner that threatens their establishment’s location (Nilsson & American Bar Association. Forum On Air and Space Law, 2017). Therefore, when installing the payloads, one should consider their effect on the environment and the risky factors associated with their implementation.
Specific Flight Path Characteristic Requirement
The payloads should be slightly above the center of gravity since they are prone to blockages. Due to their orbiting nature, the payloads are structured in flight paths that can easily be movable to allow for easy engine operations. The flight paths should easily allow tilting of the surveillance payloads to reduce the blockages from winds and other factors (NTSB, 2021). The flight paths should have high accessibility pods, reducing the obscuration on the payload’s sides. Finally, when integrating the payloads in the flights, they should have bodies with sufficient window dimensions to enhance visibility.
Example of Experimental UAS Payload
As for the previously mentioned equipment, none of it is considered experimental but has served to save victims for many years. However, the improvement of the night vision radar can be called that, since it does not only react to living beings but specifically to people, which also has an effect when searching for victims. Despite that, an example of a UAS payload is the applicability of a weapons interface launcher which weighs 96 lb. in its missile configuration and at its interfaces. These weapon interfaces have globe bombs mounted on their wing racks and have reduced radar signatures, assisting them in releasing the weapons from their surfaces (NTSB, 2022). These weapons interfaces are, therefore, among the experimental payloads wince they have automated systems that facilitate communication and information sharing from both ends.
References
Choi, Y., Robertson, B., Choi, Y., & Mavris, D. (2019). A Multi-Trip Vehicle Routing Problem for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems-Based Urban Delivery.Journal of Aircraft, 56(6), 2309–2323.
Gundlach, J. (2014). Designing unmanned aircraft systems: A comprehensive approach. Journal of Conceptual Design and Flight Sciences.
He, R., Wei, R., & Zhang, Q. (2017). UAV autonomous collision avoidance approach. Automatika Journal, 58(2), 195-204. DOI:10.1080/00051144.2017.1388646
Minwalla, C., Thomas, P., Ellis, K., Hornsey, R., & Jennings, S. (2017). Range performance evaluation from the flight tests of a passive electro-optical aircraft detection sensor for unmanned aircraft systems. Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems, 4(2), 96–114.
Nilsson, S., & American Bar Association. Forum On Air And Space Law. (2017). Drones across America : unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) regulation and state laws. Aba, Air & Space Law Forum.
NTSB (2021). NTSB Identification. CHI06MA12.
NTSB (2022). Safety Recommendation. A-07-086. Web.