The policy set involves highly subsidizing renewables and bioenergy. Simulations indicate that a 4.1°C change by 2100 would result from high economic growth based on the highest population increase, 13.2 billion (En-ROADS, a, 2022). It also involves incentivizing clean energy. A large population increase is expected, as well as larger economic growth. Subsidies would increase research and development for renewables and bioenergy, increasing efficiency and energy production.
Increasing energy efficiency and incentivizing technological development significantly reduce climate change. Additionally, boosting energy efficiency in buildings and industry while highly incentivizing electrification results in lower climate change. A low population and economic growth significantly reduce climate change while reducing deforestation and methane gas, further slowing climate change (En-Roads, b, 2022). Finally, removing carbon through afforestation and high technological growth promote low climate alterations. These changes result in 1.8° C changes, meeting global requirements over 100 years (En-Roads, b, 2022).
Furthermore, highly taxing fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, and coal significantly reduces individuals’ and businesses’ incentives to use them. Bioenergy reduction is also encouraged in this scenario as afforestation efforts are highly recommended and medium technological growth. The carbon price is high to dissuade people from polluting the environment, while renewables are taxed to avoid political issues relating to the favoritism of some industries. Additionally, methane gas production and deforestation are very low, while population growth is maintained at a low rate. The resulting temperature changes are lower than the earlier scenarios, with a 1.5° C increase over 100 years (En-ROADS, c, 2022).
Reducing the impact on biodiversity elicits the most favorable climate change while reducing the negative influence on economic growth. It does not stifle economies but promotes low population growth to prevent high energy demand. The world should adopt this model and effectively increase renewable use to fight climate change.
References
En-ROADS. (2022). Roads climate scenario. En. Web.