First Group
The most recognized global causes of fatalities of children are birth-related conditions and respiratory infection. Furthermore, malaria (especially in Africa), diarrhea, and nutrition which is also contributing factor. These communicable illnesses justify more than half of the deaths of all children. The most communicable illness killers have related in all world health organization regions apart from malaria; it is estimated that 94 percent of these deaths occur in Africa regions and 53 percent deaths of the under-fives are caused by under nutrition-related conditions (Barnes, 1999).
Neonatal deaths globally consist of about 40 percent of all children’s deaths. The main death causes are rigorous infections such as pneumonia or sepsis, diarrhea, and tetanus. In addition birth complication cases such asphyxia, premature birth and low birth weight, and other complicated congenital conditions. Every year it is estimated that at least 18 million infants are born with low weight. Yearly About ninety percent of these deaths occur in third world countries and more than 1/2 of these deaths occur in large countries for instance: India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and China, the remaining occur in developed countries (Barnes,1999).
Every year almost two hundred and eighty thousand deaths of children below the age of five years are caused by road accidents, fire outbreaks, falling, sinking in dip water and pools, poisoning, and other incidences of accidental. Other factors, for instance, war or violence cause virtually fourteen thousand deaths of children less than five. The causal factors of deaths differ broadly by region and time as a result of variations in climatic conditions and outbreaks of war conflict.
Furthermore, infectious diseases such as malaria (which is the main cause of high mortality rates in Sub-Saharan Africa), HIV/AIDS, and measles cause nearly 535,000 deaths of children below fives years of age. Annually whooping cough which is easily eliminated through vaccination cause nearly 290,000 deaths of the under-fives, especially in developing countries.
Meningitis and the deadly Tuberculosis usually cause almost one hundred thousand mortalities of children under the age of five years. In addition syphilis, hepatitis B and C, diphtheria, dengue fever, and intestinal parasitic worms are contributing factors leading to under-fives deaths. 400,000 deaths of the under-fives yearly are caused by non-communicable diseases, for instance, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, and neuropsychiatry disorders. Finally, yearly, nearly 200, 000 deaths of the under-fives are caused by nutritional deficiencies such as lack of micronutrients and vitamin A, and protein-energy deficiencies (Barnes, 1999).
About one-fifth deaths of Infants’ deaths mainly result from congenital deformations, malformation Disorders s, and chromosomal abnormalities. Low birth weight and gestation disorders are also causal factors of infants’ deaths. furthermore Sudden death infants syndrome, maternal complications of pregnancy, placenta membranes and cord complications, accidental injuries, Bacterial sepsis and respiratory distress of the newborn, circulator system illness, birth asphyxia, and Intrauterine hypoxia are the leading causes of infant deaths, hence accounting for about 68 percent deaths of infant (Barnes,1999).
Nutrition is the art and science of providing an individual with a healthy diet that helps in sustaining life. While child health is a state in which the child is growing well without merely experiencing disease conditions (Levine, 2008).
For parents to keep their offspring’s healthy proper hygiene measures should be put in place, for instance, parents washing their hands before handling children hence preventing communicable diseases, in addition, children’s utensils and clothes should be keep kept clean, and their rooms kept clean also and properly lighted. Furthermore, exercise is very healthy for growing children and avoiding accidental injuries.
Second Group
Health is defined as a state of complete mental, social and physical comfort of being and without merely the absence of infirmity or disease. While Public health is the art and science of preventing illness, protracting life, and promoting health intervention strategies. Global health is the state of the health status of the world (Levine, 2008).
Epidemiological studies are used to evaluate and plan strategies to avert diseases that are affecting the whole world, hence helping in eradicating and reducing the burden and complications of the disease.
Third Group
In recent research studies carried out globally, 2.5milion deaths of the under-fives have to be caused by diarrhea. In addition, It is approximated that 23 and 22 percent of deaths of the under-fives in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa resulted from diarrhea diseases. Since 1980 public health preventive measures strategies have been put in place to reduce the burden of diarrhea diseases, for instance; proper management and disposal of human wastes. Protection of water source and treatment, promotion of hygiene measures through education, and use of vaccines to prevent diarrhea disease (Bedford, 2005).
Recommendation measures on diarrhea diseases
- Proper management and disposal of human wastes
- Promotion of hygiene practices in homes.
- Breastfeeding
- Protection and treatment of water resources
- vaccination
References
Barnes, D. (1999). Leading causes of child deaths globally. Washington D.C: Bass.
Bedford, M. (2005) Public health impacts of Diarrhea. London: Sage.
Levine, C. (2008). Nutrition and Health. Washington: Global health publishers.