Purpose and Reason of the Design
This research design contains the procedural framework that explains how the actual research will be conducted. It focuses on the study that will be conducted during research and its subtype. It provides a detailed description of data collection process, recording, analysis, and data interpretation that shows a pre-described structure (Holt & Smith, 2009). This implies that the researcher manages time properly and assists other researchers in conducting the given research although they are not the original proposers.
Nature of Survey
This survey will be conducted in a cross-sectional manner because the methods used are observational and comparative. The observational part ensures that the researcher observes the behavior of leaders without modifying their way of life. On the other hand, the comparative part enables the researcher to compare more than one variant of leadership. This diversity ensures that leadership is measured from a broad perspective and the researched does not just focus on a single factor that may lead to poor conclusions.
Population, Size and Stratification
The target population comprises of employers, employees and administrators. In this light, the employers provide managerial leadership while the administrators and employees follow the instructions given by the employers. However, another approach argues that decisions should be made by the subjects whereas the employers should endorse those decisions. This implies that all the three parties are included in the organizational leadership forming part of the population (Leeuw, 2008).
The population will be stratified into three subpopulations including employers, employees and administrators. This will ensure that there is variation of views purporting reliability of the results. This reliability is achieved by comparing a lot of opinions that help prevent biased opinions which are oriented towards personal preferences.
Sample Size and Choice
The research will consider fifty organizations where the researcher will consider the chief executive officer, two managers, and four employees from each organization. This implies that the survey will involve about three hundred and fifty personnel from fifty organizations.
The sample will be chosen by random purposive sampling that incorporates the aspects of randomization and purpose. This implies that the sample is chosen without a desired outcome ensuring unbiased results (Kiciman, 2008). The purposive part ensures that people included in the sample are relevant to obtain beneficial research (Koshland, 2010). These two factors make sampling the most appropriate for attaining reliable data (Yin & Chen, 2007).
Instrument
The survey will use a flexible questionnaire that allows modification during the research to incorporate themes arising during data collection. In this case, the researcher will include questions absent in the questionnaire or will remove issues that are irrelevant to the research. The researcher will prepare the questionnaire to ensure familiarity with the questions (Deilk & Hofoss, 2008).
Scale
The research will consider ratio scale because it puts the data into classes organized in an ascending order and shows the intervals between the classifications. Therefore, the scale will incorporate all the characteristics of nominal, ordinal, and interval scales (Muravyov, 2011).
Field Test
During the field test, the researcher will choose five organizations to form part of the sample and conduct the proposed research under normal circumstances. This will involve the whole process from choosing the sample to analyzing and interpreting the results. The experience obtained will be recorded and reviewed to determine the weaknesses embedded in the research process (Newton, 2012).
Timelines
Each individual will be interviewed for about ten minutes implying that all the seven personnel will be interviewed within a scope of seventy minutes for each organization. Therefore, the time needed to interview three hundred individuals is about one hundred and forty five days and nights. In order to cater for the night hours, some individuals will not be interviewed. Instead, they will fill questionnaires at individual levels to be analyzed and evaluated after collection.
Variables of the Study and Cross-reference
The variables of the study will include servant leadership, transformational leadership, response of employees, and qualities of administrators that enhance smooth leadership within the organizations. These variables will be reflected through four research questions that will address the four variables.
Data Analysis and Interpretation
The analysis of returns will be analyzed with the collection of data ensuring that the questionnaires can be modified to incorporate new themes. Response biasness will be accessed by comparing the preferences of the respondents and the influence those have on their responses (Marshall, 2007). The descriptive analysis will be based on measuring the frequency of responses, calculating averages, and determining the variability of the responses across the data sets. This will require the researchers to use closed questions to classify the answers into scales of measurement. The reliability of the scale will be determined by accessing its ability to capture all the opinions of the researcher and the willingness of giving comprehensive information.
In light of giving the inferential statistics, the responses of the sample population will be treated as the responses of the whole population. Lastly, the interpretation will be based on the descriptive statistics. These statistics include averages, frequencies, and variability of responses (Littrell, 2008). Consequently, the research will have a solid base and concrete argument supported by research performed in the field. This research could exemplify tactics of yielding proper and quality research results.
References
Deilk, E. T., & Hofoss, D. (2008). Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian Version of The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Generic Version (Short Form 2006). BMC Health Services Research, 8(1), 191.
Holt, D., & Smith, T. M. (2009). The Design of Surveys for Planning Purposes. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 18(1-2), 37-44.
Kiciman, M. O. (2008). A Random-sampling Procedure with Applications to Structural Synthesis Problems. Journal of Aircraft, 4(4), 333-338.
Koshland, D. E. (2010). Random Samples. Science, 240(4857), 1261-1261.
Leeuw, F. L. (2008). Book Reviews. Population Research and Policy Review, 1(1), 101-107.
Littrell, R. F. (2008). Book Review: Minkov, M. (2007). What Makes Us Different And Similar: A New Interpretation Of The World Values Survey And Other Cross-cultural Data. Sofia, Bulgaria: Klasika Y Stil Publishing House. 240 Pp. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(5), 654-658.
Marshall, H. (2007). Editorial. Qualitative Research Journal, 7(2), 1.
Muravyov, S. (2011). Representation Theory Treatment of Measurement Semantics for Ratio, Ordinal And Nominal Scales. Measurement, 22(1-2), 37-46.
Newton, W. (2012). Book Review. Qualitative Health Research, 1(4), 515-516.
Yin, P., & Chen, L. (2007). Random-sampling Thresholding: A New Approach to Multilevel Thresholding. Signal Processing, 34(3), 311-322.