Summary
Access keys represent IAM users’ long-term credentials needed to make programmatic requests to AWS API or AWS CLI. An access key comprises two elements, namely, an access key ID and a secret access key that, similarly to a user name and password, are applied together to verify a user’s requests. Users can possess only two access keys, which allows for changing active keys following best practices. Herewith, while creating a key pair, it is mandatory to save the key ID and secret access key in a reliable place secured from outsiders.
The Need for Key Rotation
With the frequent and prolonged use of encryption keys, the likelihood of breaches increases, which limits their application period. In this regard, key rotation on a regular basis is the best practice that ensures the bottom-level risk of exposure to possible attacks, thereby helping adhere to cybersecurity standards. Key rotation generally refers to the process of retiring an access key and replacing it with a new cryptographic key. However, it is worth noting that key rotation cannot safeguard against the hazard of being compromised but significantly mitigate adverse aftermath for business if an unauthorized intervention occurs.
Access Key Lifecycle and Rotation Frequency
An indispensable aspect of key rotation is the set of elaborated access key lifecycle implying the time of a key’s activity or its authorization for use, directed at withstanding attacks. Mostly, it is more appropriate to establish automatic key rotation on a regular schedule that determines the rotation frequency and date when rotation takes place. The rotation schedule should be developed on either the age of a key or the volume of messages contained in a key version. Usually, the key rotation period accounts for every 90 days on average, which helps enhance security with moderate administrative complexity. In addition, organizations can alter access keys manually in each case when there is a suspicion of compromise.
The Process of Key Rotation
The process of key rotation is comparatively straightforward but requires IAM users to perform all following instructions only on secure computers because of the sensitivity of the information.
The Creation of the Second Key
First, in addition to the first active access key, a user needs to invent a second access key by entering the IAM console at the AWS Management Console. During this step, users should store a.csv file with the key ID and secret key in secure locations on their computers.
The Distribution of the New Access Key to Users’ All Applications
The second step assumes distributing the new access key to users’ all applications and tools. Before heading over to the succeeding stage, it is critical to make sure that all applications function correctly and begin using a new key.
Checking whether the Old Access Key is Active
The third step is to check whether the old access key is active, and, instead of deleting it, it is better to deactivate or disable the first access key for a particular period.
Testing if All Applications and Tools are Operating Appropriately
Fourth, a user should utilize the new access key to ascertain that all applications and tools are operating appropriately. If a specific application ceases working, this means that it uses the old access key. In this regard, it is needed to update this application in accordance with the new access key. Besides, this step explains why the old access key was disabled, not deleted; if something goes wrong, it will be possible to re-activate the previous key.
Deleting the Inactive Access Key after Some Time
The final act is deleting the inactive access key after some time which allows for ensuring that all tools are updated. In this stage, the IAM users should bring in mind that the deleting action is an irreversible operation, unlike deactivating. Deleting the inactive access key is performed in the AWS Management Console.