Introduction
Sculpture illustrates a three dimensional artwork that is made by combining and/ or shaping materials. Normally, a sculpture is usually made from stone and clay prior to its casting in bronze to give it a brand new outlook. In the modern society, invention of newer materials in conjunction with advanced technology has transformed the face of sculpture art.
This has seen sculptors using gluing, wiring and welding media to produce sculptures. The first example of sculpture is Sculpture Glass or Bronze. This denotes a free-standing sculpture that represents a type of sculpture which is popularly recognized by many people in the modern world. This sculptor who created the aforementioned sculpture was the renowned artist Peter Mandl.
The second example is Assemblage Sculpture that describes a kind of sculpture that is pieced together from different scavenged materials that have no relationship with each other. This sculpture was created by artist Lister Jaguar Stunning (Frank & Preble, 2003).
Body
These sculptures communicated to designed audiences in various ways. A look at the military sculptures in many city parks shows that, they were meant to inspire patriotism while at the same time instigate and boost the pride of a country where the sculptures stand.
On the other hand, religious sculptures in churches were used to create a sense of sanctity and holiness. Along the same line of thought, sculptures of political leaders intrigued ambition to the public in an effort to exploit their potential and achieve immensely (Thompson, 2012).
According to Heinrich, Haeckel & Haeckel (1998), design principles that were integrated in sculptures included rhythm, unity, emphasis, proportion and balance. In essence, while balance describes the visual equilibrium concept that relates to people’s physical sense of balance, proportion explains the comparative scale and size of the different design elements.
The concern is to establish a good relationship between parts and the whole sculpture. This implies that one has to discuss the overall proportion in relation to the standard employed in determining relative proportions (Heinrich, Haeckel & Haeckel, 1998).
The second form of art is painting. It can be described as the application of a binding agent which is dissolved in a medium to support a wall, canvas and/or paper. This binding agent could be glue and pigment.
Frank & Preble (2009) defines it as the act of drawing and combining aesthetic media in an effort to portray the themes and feelings of the artist. In some cases, painting is employed in expressing spiritual ideas and motifs (Frank & Preble, 2009).
Examples of painting as artwork form include; body painting masterpieces by artist Joanne Gair as well as Splosh II painting by artist Markus Cellini. These paintings were used to communicate many messages and descriptions to people.
Just like any type of artwork, painting is made in order to communicate a view. The intended view could be political, personal, and/ or religious. At times, the view could be used to generate emotions in the viewer’s head or heart (Frank & Preble, 2010).
Conclusion
The design principles of painting as an artwork are movement, balance, proportion, emphasis, repetition and rhythm, space, simplicity, unity and contrast. Balance refers to attention, equality of weight and attraction of all elements that form unity. On the other hand, rhythm and repetition defines the act of irregularly and/ or regularly repeating elements.
Along the same line of thought, emphasis is the stress given on a single piece of work. Space on the other hand, is the interval measured between objects while simplicity denotes the removal of all non-essential details to portray the essence of an object.
Additionally, proportion defines the relationship of two things in number, size, degree or amount while unity shows the relationship between one part and a complete composition. Lastly, contrast shows the difference among elements while Movement is the direction in which the eye follows when a person looks at a piece of art work.
References
Frank, P. & Preble, D. (2003). Artforms: An Introduction to the Visual Arts, Revised (7th Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall publisher.
Frank, P., & Preble, D. (2009). Prebles’ Artforms (with MyArtKit Student Access Code Card) (9th Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall publisher.
Frank, P., & Preble, S. (2010). Prebles’ Artforms (10th Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall publisher.
Heinrich, E., Haeckel, A. & Haeckel, E. (1998). Art Forms in Nature: The Prints of Ernst Haeckel (Monographs) New York: Prestel Publishing.
Thompson, N. (2012). Living as Form: Socially Engaged Art from 1991-2011. New Jersey: Prentice Hall publisher.