Introduction
Social scientists use three types of arenas to advocate for their interests. The three arenas are the government, businesses, and the civil society. However, there exists a comparison, as well as a contrast of how these arenas are organised in a developed society compared to a newly developing society. The size and effectiveness of these arenas also differ between the two societies. This paper aims to compare, as well as contrast these arenas in a developed society versus a developing society. However, Monti, Borer, and Macgregor claim that these institutions are so closely related that it is almost impossible to have one institution in operation without the other (106). Monti, Borer, and Macgregor also argue that several civil societies work in a way that supports or counter the activities of the government. Other civil societies are politically oriented. On the other hand, businesses behave in a manner that affects the lives of the civil society. However, it is essential to conduct comparisons between differing societies, as this gives historians and other interested individuals a chance to express their ideas on how other systems work compared to what they deeply hold onto (Monti, Borer, and Macgregor 27).
The Government
The interests of a government in a developed society are different from the interests of a government newly developing society. This is evident as explained by Lane, who acknowledges that there existed a sharp difference between the interests of the poor and the rich even in Rome (2). Another good example is given by Monti, Borer, and Macgregor who opine that a developing society is faced with many challenges, such as the vastly increasing population in the cities that lead to over-urbanisation (29). This results in a situation whereby the government is unable to effectively offer housing amenities to its citizens. On the contrary, a government in a developed society does not have to worry too much over the housing problem. The reason is that most of its citizens are housed and one can hardly find shanties such as those found in a newly developing society. From this example, it is evident that the government of a developing society will have to prioritise its interests in providing better housing for its citizens as a way of meeting the needs of the growing population. On the other hand, the interests of the government in a developed society will focus on other goals other than housing. Monte also notes that industrialisation has greatly contributed to the ever growing population in the cities (104). Although industrialisation mainly took place in the 1800s and the late 1900s, newly developing societies are still undergoing the process of industrialisation. This attracts big populations of the youth from the rural areas to the cities in the search for jobs. The result of this massive migration is populated cities that have many youth who are jobless, uneducated, and poor (Monte 104). The government of such a society would focus on how to address the needs of the high population.
Another notable difference between a developed and a developing society is the issue of the rates at which people are born and die. Monti, Borer, and Macgregor note that birth rates in developing societies remain high, despite the reduction in the rate of deaths (29). As a result, the population of such societies continues to increase at an alarming rate. The situation is different when looking at the statistics gathered from developed societies, where the rates of birth are very low, which translate into a slower growth in the population. Therefore, a government in a developed society would focus more on other developmental agendas other than the issue of population.
The Business
The business arena has been an avenue that unites people who would not have met before (Monti, Borer, and Macgregor 106). However, there are notable differences in the way businesses in the developed society are handled in comparison to the developing societies. Businesses in a developed society are generally big in size and more effective in their administration compared businesses in newly developing societies (Ng 468). Most businesses in a developed society do not hold back from training their employees, as they view them as valuable assets that positively contribute to the development of the businesses. On the other hand, the majority of businesses in a newly developing society withhold conducting trainings for their employees (469). Such businesses hold the thought that training an employee is a big risk, as the employee can be poached by other developed businesses once they acquire more training (469).
Another difference that Ng identifies between businesses in different societies is that businesses in a developed society encourage innovation and inventions, both in the management as well as the employees (470). On the contrary, many businesses in newly developing societies do not encourage innovations and inventions as they direct most of their capital in other areas, rather than in innovations. Other reasons that are given by Ng why businesses in a newly developing society fail to promote innovations are; the small size of the business, the scale of operations is normally so small that it does not warrant innovation, the technology used in manufacturing is fairly narrow due to the small numbers of products in production, and the employees in such businesses do not have excellent educational backgrounds.
The Civil Society
The civil society had a very rough time in the 18th century. They could not air their views in a vibrant manner like they do today. Monte claims that the governments of both the developed and the developing societies used very cruel methods of dealing with the civil society in the event that they exhibited resistance against the governments (121). According to Monte, the methods that were used to counter resistant groups of people included torture, hangings, amputations, beheadings, and burnings, among other cruel means (121). These kinds of torture were conducted in public places, such as the market square or any other appropriate public gathering. The intention was to direct people’s behaviour in the direction that the government of the day viewed as acceptable.
However, the civil societies have played a crucial role in advocating the rights of their fellow citizens. On the other hand, their activities in the developed societies have been curtailed by the limited time that the advocates have (Monti, Borer, and Macgregor 109). The time they use to conduct demonstrations and other related civil activities have been reduced by the increasing demand to meet work hours, long hours being used in commuting, and the increased demand to have private entertainment, such as watching television. The situation is different from what the civil groups in the newly developing societies have. Many of the groups in the developing countries are willing to spend much of their time in doing what they fight for. According to Atwal and Bacon, the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the developing societies are not constrained by time as most of them have no other job other than being in the NGOs they serve (263).
One of the similarities that civil societies in developed societies share with those in the newly developing societies is the fact that they all unite if they want to deliberate on issues that are affecting them. This is supported by McGregor, who confirms that civil societies, from more than 120 countries had attended a seminar on global environment, as well as transnational politics in 2011 in Copenhagen (3). It is in such gatherings that civil societies are able to brainstorm on issues that will steer nations forward.
Conclusion
The government, businesses, and the civil society are the various avenues where people can air their interests. However, these institutions differ in terms of their size and effectiveness in operations, based on whether the institutions are in developed societies or newly developing society. Governments in developed societies operate in an environment where the issues of housing are not a big threat. The rates of birth are also low in developed societies, leading to a slow increase in the population. On the other hand, birth rates are usually higher in newly developing societies. This increases the population of such cities at an alarming rate and the government is challenged on how to house the high population. Businesses in a developed society are different from those in a newly developing society that has a majority of the employees not educated well. The situation contributes to the slow pace with which innovations are created in a business that is in a newly developing society. Civil societies in both developed and newly developing societies have in common the will and desire to come together and deliberate on the objectives that will foster growth of all nations across the globe.
Works Cited
Atwal, Maya, and Edwin Bacon. “The Youth Movement Nashi: Contentious Politics, Civil Society, and Party Politics.” East European Politics 28.3 (2012): 256-266. Print.
Lane, Mellisa. “An Ancient Civics Lesson.” The New York Times, Web.
McGregor, M. Ian. “Disenfranchisement of Countries and Civil Society at COP-15 Copenhagen.” Global Environmental Politics 11.1 (2011): 1-8. Print.
Monti, Daniel Joseph, Michael Ian Borer, and Lync C. Macgregor. Urban People and Places: The Sociology of Cities, Suburbs and Towns. Los Angeles: SAGE Publication Inc, 2014. Print
Ng, Sek-Hong. “Training Problems and Challenges in a Newly Industrializing Economy: The Case of Hong Kong.” International Labour Review 126.4. (1987): 467-479. Print.