In the day to day life, people have to make decisions that propel them to the next level of achievement. It may start personally with just deciding to wake up and goes so far as even making decisions that affect the world. There are many theorists, all over the world, who have developed styles and methods of making decisions and the expected results. The paper will discuss three methods of decision making, John Holland’s six personality characteristics and the exceptions to confidentiality.
Harren, Scott, and Bruce made an interesting study on the decision-making styles. Parents have different ways of relating to their children. Their kind of authority to their kids makes them grow up with a certain mind shape about life. Authoritarian parents set very high standards for their children. They have high expectations from them but the children do not have a say in the decision-making process. Children grow up knowing that they have no expression of their own.
Democratic families allow their children to contribute freely to decision-making processes (Madureira, Reis, and Marques 520). Parents have moderate expectations from their children. Permissive parents allow their children to become more active in decision making without interference. Parents have no expectations of them. They rely on impulses and no guidance from parents. In democratic and permissive families, children have higher levels of independence. As they become adults, they do not necessarily depend on a guide for life decisions. Children from permissive parenthood may not have the capacity to make the right decisions.
When people rely on intuitive styles, they make decisions based on emotions and feelings. Schvaneveldt and Adams also support this intuitive decision-making style (Sofo 160). When there is no motivation, the person becomes disoriented from participating in meaningful decision making. The dependent style policymakers tend to rely on others for consultation. When there is little or no guidance, the person fails in decision making. The planning style requires an individual who gathers information and evaluates potential outcomes (Wagner and Simpson 96).
John Holland studied personality types and their relationship to their environment. The Realistic person likes to work with tools and animals. Such people tend to avoid common places and activities. They may not become teachers or doctors because it would mean associating with people.
Investigative people deal with scientific and mathematical problems (Jordan 260). They avoid leadership roles or activities that involve persuading people to do something. They cannot become good salespeople because of their nature. They see themselves as being intellectuals and precise concerning the matters that they handle in their daily lives.
Artistic people involve themselves with creative things like art, dance, and creative writing. They distance themselves from repetitive and highly ordered activities. They have creative abilities and find an excuse just to expand their skills in that area. They are always independent and original in their thinking and operations (Jordan 260).
Social people like associating with others and helping them whenever they can. They would mostly like being teachers, nurses, and offering customer care services. They would involve giving and information sharing. They are helpful and trustworthy. They like solving social problems.
Enterprising people are energetic go-getters. They do not like scientific and analytical thinking. They are good leaders and good salespeople. They are always ambitious, sociable, and successful businesspeople.
People who bear the conventional trait are practical and work with numbers. They like orderly steps and systems that allow them to employ their skills. Whenever there are unstructured ways of working, they avoid such places and activities (Villanueva 450).
Client confidentiality is a principle that requires that an individual or a corporate does not share a person or customer’s information with a third party without prior consent. However, confidentiality has limitations. The law protects citizen’s rights but not when the enjoyment of those rights seriously affects other people. Anyone can report a case in which there is a child, elder, and dependent adult abuse.
When a child is under sixteen years old and is involved in crime and ill-treatment, the parent or any other person can report such an incident (Polowy and Gorenberg 260). One can also report neglect of child and elder by the duty bearers. When there is sufficient evidence that an elder is suffering from physical abuse or emotional distress the confidentiality exception allows one to report.
The Duty to Protect law allows a therapist or any caregiver to report cases where the patient or client confesses a grave threat of physical violence against an identifiable victim. The therapist or caregiver can warn the intended victim or victims (Polowy and Gorenberg 260). They can also report the matter to the responsible authorities. It removes immunity from any such person or persons intending to commit the crime.
The Patriotic Act requires therapists to fashion law enforcement agencies like the Federal Bureau of Investigation with client information. Previously they did not have to inform the customer that the FBI had inquired about their documents. But the law changed to allow the agencies also to contact the patient or client concerning the same.
Decision making is critical. It begins from childhood and does not have an end. Personality traits affect people and their environment. It is essential to one’s career and ambitions. Exceptions to confidentiality allow people to live without fear that others’ actions and thoughts may cause them harm.
Works Cited
Jordan, Melissa E. Personality Traits. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2011. Print.
Madureira, Ana, Cecilia Reis, and Viriato Marques. Computational Intelligence and Decision Making. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer, 2012. Print.
Polowy, Carolyn and Carol Gorenberg. Client Confidentiality and Privileged Communications. Washington, D.C.: NASW Press, 2011. Print.
Sofo, Francesco. Adaptive Decision Making and Intellectual Styles. New York, NY: Springer, 2013. Print.
Villanueva, John Paul. Personality Traits. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2010. Print.
Wagner, Paul A and Douglas J Simpson. Ethical Decision Making in School Administration. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2009. Print.