Introduction
Bariatric surgery is widespread at this stage in the development of medicine. Usually, the patients of the surgeons are obese people or those who have type II diabetes (Faria, 2017, pp. 90-91). Thanks to bariatric surgeries, patients lose weight because such surgeries completely rebuild the body. It can complicate the recovery period, and patients may feel dissatisfied with their quality of life. Medical staff can provide special training under the supervision of nurses and doctors to assist such patients. This training includes a variety of methods of work, the simplicity of the presented medical material, different ways of assessing the condition of patients, and realistic results at the end of the training.
The Program’s Goals and Objectives
The Program’s Goal
Such training aims to improve the quality of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Improving the quality of life includes the physical aspect (nutrition, exercise, psychomotor functions), informational, social, and many others, such as psychological or emotional (Hachem & Brennan, 2016). Frequently, patients who have undergone bariatric surgery have psychological problems that most doctors and nurses ignore. For patients wishing to improve their quality of life, many important and challenging tasks are posed.
Objectives
Firstly, immediately after the operation, the patient needs to switch from food to daily meals at home painlessly during the first two months. In general, the issue of nutrition for such patients is fundamental, and the first task is often one of the most difficult (Nguyen & Varela, 2017). Subsequently, the patient must eat a balanced diet, eat only healthy foods, and avoid snacks. Changing eating habits that have been formed for years or decades is a complicated process that takes a very long time. The patient will have to overdo it several times, but it is essential to explain that a healthy diet will allow him (or her) to lose weight after the operation. Secondly, the patient must develop psychomotor skills associated with speed, agility, and reaction.
Thirdly, patients should include sports and physical activity in any plan in the patient’s daily life: yoga, fitness, running, and Nordic walking. Fourthly, modern society exerts constant pressure on the human body, and the body is the construct of the perception of personality in society. For this reason, patients suffer from depression or even loss of friends. Counseling and support are crucial to helping these patients and improving their quality of life.
Outcomes
These objectives will improve the outcome of the treatment provided and help the patient live in a new way. In general, short-term weight loss is not a result of bariatric surgery. When performing bariatric surgery, all medical personnel caring for the patient thinks about his future fate and prospects. 1) It is expected that the patient will take care of his gastrointestinal tract and support it with vitamins and healthy food due to the operation and training. 2) Weight will not return if the patient loads his body with sports or, for example, dancing and walking after the learning. 3) The result of complex learning and a period of medical supervision is the restoration of psychomotor skills, fast and high quality. 4) The long-term outcome with social consequences is a change in the patient’s self-esteem and psychological state.
Teaching Method and Learning Materials
It is crucial to remember that patients have no medical education when providing training and learning materials. Consequently, they are not prepared for complex medical terminology (Pratt et al., 2018. Some patients may be advised to study medical journals with short articles, especially if patients are openly expressing genuine interest. The main principle of the teaching method should be simplicity and transparency of treatment. After completing materials or talking with the patient, as an assessment and exciting experience, the nurse may ask the patient to voice his (her) version of the treatment.
Instructional Method
The instructional method is based on cooperation on an equal footing since a nurse or doctor is not a student who can be taught by referring to hierarchical positions. It would be good to use films, and TV programs in teaching; they are suitable for any patient. A common practice would be to draw up tables and meal plans. It is expected that the patient would behave more honestly when working together. The method is based on the fact that the treatment is carried out by medical personnel; however, it achieves its success only thanks to the patient’s participation. When talking on an equal footing with a patient about treatment, the nurse must always ensure that the patient understands what procedures he should be doing and what medications to take. It is appropriate for the nurse to ask brief questions to find out at the end of the dialogue quickly.
Assessment and Evaluation
The nurse’s assessment of the patient’s training and the treatment process is essential, as it allows conclusions to be drawn about which stages of treatment are still to go through. An examination is the simplest example of assessing a patient’s condition after surgery. Without the patient’s comments, nurses or doctors can quickly find out whether he (or she) followed the recommendations and whether took medications (Lupoli et al., 2017). There are two ways to assess adherence to instructions: retelling and answering short questions. The retelling will make it possible to precisely determine whether medical recommendations to improve the quality of life are being followed. In the retelling, the patient is obliged to explain in his own words the meaning of the procedures, exercises, and nutritional plan proposed by the medical staff. The second option with short answers will only allow us to assess whether the recommendations have been fixed in the patient’s short-term memory.
Nurses should assess psychomotor skills in as natural a setting as possible. First, it is necessary to ask about the patient’s feelings and assess his (her) psychomotor skills. Subsequently, the nurse may offer him (her) a series of testing exercises: throwing a small ball, testing for reaction, and tasks for eye-hand coordination (Arterburn et al., 2020). Medical staff can do the latter quickly and easily without additional tools. Typing, both on the computer and the phone, if the patient’s vision allows it, is a good assessment exercise.
Friendly Environment
The environment has a significant impact on improving the patient’s quality of life. Nurses and doctors are encouraged to actively communicate with the patient’s family to clarify whether the home environment can be friendly to him during the habituation period (Angrisani et al., 2017). If relatives living with a patient have a more vital habit of carbonated drinks and fast food, this can worsen his (her) quality of life, worsening his (her) psychological state. The friendly environment for sports and walking is also significant for a high-quality life.
Conclusion
The proposed program forms the patient’s habit of eating healthy food and restores psychomotor skills. In addition, by studying the materials on the topic, patients understand the importance of physical activity and try to play sports. The most important result of the program is an improved quality of life, which is based on the absence of postoperative depression, healthy self-esteem, and the psyche, which has undergone several changes after the operation. For assessing patients’ quality of life, various methods can be used: from classical examination to conversations on an equal footing. Psychomotor skills can be evaluated by medical personnel through some exercises.
References
Angrisani, L., Santonicola, A., Iovino, P., Vitiello, A., Zundel, N., Buchwald, H., & Scopinaro, N. (2017). Bariatric surgery and endoluminal procedures: IFSO worldwide survey 2014. Obesity Surgery, 27(9), 2279-2289.
Arterburn, D. E., Telem, D. A., Kushner, R. F., & Courcoulas, A. P. (2020). Benefits and risks of bariatric surgery in adults: A review. Jama, 324(9), 879-887.
Faria, G. R. (2017). A brief history of bariatric surgery. Porto Biomedical Journal, 2(3), 90-92.
Hachem, A., & Brennan, L. (2016). Quality of life outcomes of bariatric surgery: A systematic review. Obesity Surgery, 26(2), 395-409.
Lupoli, R., Lembo, E., Saldalamacchia, G., Avola, C. K., Angrisani, L., & Capaldo, B. (2017). Bariatric surgery and long-term nutritional issues. World Journal of Diabetes, 8(11), 464-474.
Nguyen, N. T., & Varela, J. E. (2017). Bariatric surgery for obesity and metabolic disorders: State of the art. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 14(3), 160-169.
Pratt, J. S., Browne, A., Browne, N. T., Bruzoni, M., Cohen, M., Desai, A., Inge, T., Linden, B. C., Mattar, S. G., Michalsky, M., Podkameni, D., Reichard, K. W., Stanford, F. C., Zeller, M. H., & Zitsman, J. (2018). ASMBS pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery guidelines, 2018. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 14(7), 882–901. Web.