Before a Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD) Event
Preparing for an RDD event requires a comprehensive plan of action. First of all, it is paramount to determine a place to serve as a shelter in case of an emergency. It can be located either within a house or a separate building, but it should have no windows. In the case of living in an apartment, it is imperative to contact a manager and identify the safest place in the building or get in touch with local authorities and inquire about available fallout shelters. Moreover, having an emergency supply kit adequate for two weeks is critical as well. This kit should consist of water, non-perishable food products, batteries, flashlights, medications, scissors, a roll of duct tape, and anything that might be necessary for satisfying individual personal needs.
During a Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD) Event
First and foremost, being cautious and breathing through a cloth is crucial. Another step is seeking shelter—a prepared space when indoors or a fallout shelter organized by local authorities when outdoors. In case is a shelter has windows, sealing them and external doors with duct tape are the first measure that should be taken. Finally, following the government’s instructions is recommended.
After a Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD) Event
Decontamination is the most pressing task after an RDD event. First, affected clothes should be thoroughly packed with duct tape to completely cover radioactive particles. Next, it is essential to take a shower with soap and water. Finally, it is critical to follow authorities’ instructions, and once notified of safety, leave the shelter and seek professional medical care. It should be noted that even if the local officials inform that RDD consequences are ameliorated, it is advisable to avoid visiting any affected location and nearby territories.
Types of Radiation Emergencies
Nuclear Emergencies
They are connected to a nuclear weapon explosion. A bright flash of light and/or impulse of heat are initial signs of nuclear emergencies. The primary consequence is the production of fallout, i.e., atomic particles that are dispersed by the wind for long distances.
Dirty Bomb or RDD
This is a mix of dynamite and radioactive particles. Even though dirty bombs are not connected to an atomic blast, dispersion and contamination are caused by the initial explosion.
Radiological Exposure Device (RED)
RED is also known as a hidden sealed source because people are exposed to radiation, even while unaware of it, as there are no visible signs of RED attacks, such as explosions or flashes of light.
Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
This type of hazard involves a release of radioactive particles caused by industrial accidents at atomic power stations, such as nuclear meltdowns or explosions.
Transportation Accidents
The least possible type of accident is caused by crashes of vehicles carrying radioactive particles. Dispersion is easy to avoid because transportation means are marked and made of safe and strong materials.
Occupational Accidents
These are connected to the improper use of radioactive materials or violating safety regulations at healthcare or manufacturing facilities and research institutions (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention par. 1-7).
At-Risk/Special Needs Population
During radiation emergencies, some groups of people require specific treatment, as they are at higher risk of contamination, with a significantly negative influence on their health. They should be treated specially both during and after incidents. The first group of vulnerable people is elderly, as they might suffer from other diseases, have a poor diet, and be more susceptible to the impact of radioactive particles because of some medications or decreased bone marrow reserve.
Moreover, immune-suppressed people, pregnant women, infants, and children are also in a risk group. Specific attention should be paid to those who have had contact with the deceased who died due to contamination, disabled people, and those with diminished mobility and mental capacities, not to mention citizens lacking the knowledge of the official language, as they cannot follow authorities’ instructions and medical recommendations (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services par. 4-8).
Works Cited
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Types of Radiation Emergencies. 2014. Web.
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. At-Risk/Special Needs Population. 2016. Web.