Introduction
Towns played a crucial role in industrialization because they influenced the crucial trade of raw materials and created goods that the entire system depended on. Many small towns were expanded into cities due to the vital placement of materials or transportation routes. However, personal hygiene was deplorable, and water sources were polluted or inconsistent in the cities, which resulted in many diseases while overpopulation continued to escalate.
According to two central Blue Books, a single public health authority should be established in each locality to oversee drainage, pavement, cleaning, and water supply. Furthermore, they demanded authority to control new building construction standards since the 1840s. London, by 1914 had the recognizable tentacular shape of an early public transportation hub—the city of the steam train and the horse bus. But by 1939, it had changed shape entirely; there had been much more even growth in all directions, resulting in a practically circular city with a radius of 12 to 15 miles (Hall 21). A change in transportation technology was the leading cause of this.
Thus, industrialization shaped new cities in the areas of small towns but, initially, did not provide any regulation to social aspects such as water supplies and transportation. However, with the growth of the issues and population, various plans were presented for building new dwellings based on the latest social needs and technologies. It helped to overcome new city issues and coordinate industrialization.
Concept of Utopia
The search for the utopian concept of cities has presented relevant issues throughout centuries. Many thinkers of different traditions tried to present their views on utopian planning. However, many of them are limited to a particular time, such as Howard’s and Wright’s, but Le Corbusier’s Radiant City remains relevant to the cities of tomorrow.
The Garden City concept, based on building around the decentralized plant, does not reduce the pressure on the central part of the city and the growing population of the modern world. Wright’s idea of a wholly scattered, low-density metropolitan dispersion, where each residence would be surrounded by an acre of land sufficient for growing crops and connected by roadways, cannot work in practice (Hall 44). The city sizes and growing population ratio cannot allow spare acres of land for each resident. However, the Radiant City concept is promising due to reducing the pressure on the central business districts (Hall 49). It can help to develop cities equally in all areas and support the growing population.
Therefore, many utopian concepts became outdated when facing the population problem. Nevertheless, Le Corbusier’s idea can still be considered utopian future planning. At the same time, each thinker tried to present a solution for the industrialization issue.
Law and Government’s Engagement in City Planning
The law regulation of the city and building planning is an essential part of the state’s politics. Three Amendments – 1st, 5th, and 14th – represent the regulation of the process. While the first protects public establishments and social institutions, the other two focus on private property regulations.
Based on speech and religion protection, the First Amendment focuses on the city’s buildings, such as places of worship, schools, healthcare departments, or attractions. At the same time, the 5th Amendment states that private property must not be taken for public use, which protects the city’s private sector. The Citizenship Rights of the 14th Amendment represents the right of individuals on the property. However, it also mentions the community’s needs and the law’s ability to work for the benefit of the community over the isolated individual.
Conclusion
Therefore, the three Amendments focus on particular aspects of city planning, such as private and public building regulations. They state the rights of individuals and the legal grounds that protect their property. However, it also regulates some aspects of public buildings based on the social interests and needs of the residents.
Work Cited
Hall, Peter. Urban and Regional Planning. Routledge. 2002.