Introduction
The economic growth of any country depends on the revenues and expenditure. Revenue is public finance, and it is the economic effect of public expenditure. Public expenditure is of paramount importance in any economy as it injects money into the economy for circulation. In an economy that is experiencing a deficit, for example, the government responds by employing fiscal policy, where it increases its expenditure. This action increases the demand for labor and consequently relieves the poor by creating job opportunities (Goldston, 2008). In so doing, there is a reduction of taxes, as they are objections to borrowings and investments. The aforementioned descriptions are simply economic theories. However, the government economists have a specific role to ensure that the economy is growing positively; else, deficits would be experienced in an economy rendering it insufficient. This paper will give a stringent analysis of the financial plan of New York City (New York, 2012). The city has given a summary of his financial plan for the financial years 2012-2016. A summary of its revenue and expenditure are predicted for the year 2016 and a budget justification proposal is necessary.
Total revenues vs. total expenditures
The New Yolk City receives its greatest revenue from taxes i.e. general property tax, tax audit revenue, and other taxes. Other forms of revenue for the New York City arise from federal grants and miscellaneous revenues. Like any other state, New York City spends a greater percentage of its revenue on personal services including salaries and wages, pensions, fringe benefits, medical assistance, and other transfers. With this in mind, it is obvious that any state that has more expenditure than income runs at a deficit, thus it has a gap to be closed (Napolitano, 2011). On the other hand, if a state has more revenue than expenditure, then it is economically sufficient (Goldston, 2008). Developmental projects can consume the extra amount or the amount carried forward to the following year. The following table gives a summary of the total revenues, total expenditures, and annual growth rates over the years 2011-2016.
Annual revenue growth rate
- FY2012 = –
- FY2013 = {(68501-68039) /68039} *100 =0. 679
- FY2014= {(69703-68501) /68501} *100 =1.755
- FY2015= {(72111-69703) /69703} *100 =3. 455
- FY2016= {(74081-72111) /72111} *100 =2. 732
Annual expenditure growth rate
- FY2012 = –
- FY2013 = {(68501-68039) /68039} *100 =0.679
- FY2014= {(72211-68501) /68501} *100 =5.416
- FY2015= {(75228-72211) /72211} *100 =4.178
- FY2016= {(77151-78228) /75228} *100 =2.556
From the table above, it is evident that the annual expenditure rate is growing at a higher rate than the annual revenue. In the year 2012 and 2013, the amount of revenue obtained and annual expenditures were at par (New York, 2012). This means that the government neither borrowed funds nor make any new investments. However, in the forecasted budget of the year 2014, the anticipated expenditures are higher than the anticipated revenues. The general annual growth rates of the expenditures surpass the annual anticipated revenues for the years 2014, 2015, and 2016. This means that the government intends to make borrowings to close the gap between revenues and expenditures.
New York City expenditures
New York City has numerous expenditures ranging from public service expenditures, non-personal service expenditures, transfers, and reserves. The amounts allocated for each category of expenditure vary from one year to another, with each category of expenditure having a specific growth rate. To determine New York City’s fastest-growing category of expenditures during the planning period, we will analyze the expenditure categories presented in the table below.
Annual growth rate on personal services expenditure
- FY2012 = –
- FY2013 = {(37292-37207) /37207} *100 =0.228
- FY2014= {(38031-37292) /37292} *100 =1. 982
- FY2015= {(39742-38031) /38031} *100 =4.499
- FY2016= {(40886-39742) /39742} *100 =2.878
Annual growth rates on non-personal services
- FY2012 = –
- FY2013 = {(28706-28428) /28428} *100 =0.978
- FY2014= {(28877-28706) /28706} *100 =0.596
- FY2015= {(29590-28877) /28877} *100 =2.469
- FY2016= {(30096-29590) /29590} *100 =1.71
Annual growth rates on general obligations
- FY2012 = –
- FY2013 = {(6118-5462) /5462} *100 =12.01
- FY2014= {(6755-6118) /6118} *100 =10.41
- FY2015= {(7196-6755) /6755} *100 =6.528
- FY2016= {(7474-7196) /7196} *100 =3.863
Annual growth rates on general reserve expenditures
- FY2012 = –
- FY2013 = {(300-40) /40} *100 =650
- FY2014= {(300-300) /40} *100 =0
- FY2015= {(300-300) /40} *100 =0
- FY2016= {(300-300) /40} *100 =0
As evident from the examples above, personal expenses are New York City’s fastest-growing category of expenditures during the planning period. The expenses have drastically increased from the base year 2012 to 0.228 in 2013 (New York, 2012). There is anticipated increased growth rate by 1.982 and 4.499 in year 2014 and 2015 respectively in the expenditure on personal expenses.
New York City tax revenue
New York City receives revenue from various bodies, and the taxes constitute the highest percentage of the revenues received. The taxes are further subdivided into general tax property, tax audit revenue and other sought of taxes. Of interest, in this case, are taxes from the general property and the following table will present the analysis of the percentage of New York City revenue that comes from the general property tax.
Annual growth rates of revenue from tax on general property
- FY2012 = –
- FY2013 = {(18417-17917)/17917}*100 =2.79
- FY2014= {(18956-18417)/18417}*100 =2.92
- FY2015= {(19617-18956)/18956}*100 =3.48
- FY2016= {(20259-19617)/19617}*100 =3.37
Percentage of New York City revenue from the general property tax
- FY2012 = {(17917/68039}*100 =26.33
- FY2013 = {(18417/68501}*100 =26.89
- FY2014= *100 =27.195
- FY2015= *100 =27.203
- FY2016= *100 =27.347
The average percentage for the 5 years will estimate the percentage of the percentage of New York City revenue that comes from the general property tax. This average percentage for the 5 years is: /5=26.993
Budget justification proposal
AGENCY NAME: xxx Agency
PROPOSAL NAME: Job Training Program
SUBMITTED BY: NYC Department of Social Services Date: 15/08/2013
COSTS:
Introductory Summary
The department of social services purposes to undertake a hands-on job training workshops. The workshops will cover topics in office administration, security, construction, and apartment maintenance.
Statement of Need
Technology changes on a daily process and staff tend to adhere to the old methods in offering their services. It is of paramount importance to offer staff with trainings and seminars to keep them at par with the upcoming technology. This will enable staff to be competent in the evolving world.
Program Description
The NYC department of social services has identified the deficiencies in service provision in office administration, security, construction, and apartment maintenance. The staff of these areas will attend hands-on job training workshops and they are expected to comply fully with the needs of the program. The State Categorical Grants will facilitate the workshop.
Benefits of the Program
The anticipated benefit of the training program is that staff of the mentioned areas will be at par with the evolving world. They will learn the latest methods and technology in handling their chores.
Performance Measurement
The input, output, outcome, efficiency, and effectiveness of the program will be evaluated after the workshop. A satisfactory survey will be carried out three months after the training, where customers will fill in a perception questionnaire of how the rate the services in the administration, security, construction, and apartment maintenance departments.
Costs
The main costs will be hiring the workshop room, sourcing and paying trainers, food and beverages, stationery, hiring equipment, and accommodation during the workshop period.
The whole budget is summarized as in the table below:
Conclusion
A viable financial plan is very essential for every organization. It enables the setting of budgets the available income. Justification of the proposed financial plan then follows to ensure feasible allocation of funds. Creating a financial plan is thus a necessary tool for the success of any individual, organization, and the economy as a whole.
References
Goldston, D. (2008). Financial planning. Nature, 454(7205), 680. Web.
Napolitano, P. (2011). The client audition. Accounting Today, 25(6), 22-23. Web.
New York (2012). Five-year financial plan revenues and expenditures. Web.