Introduction
The case study involving a sixty-year-old patient reveals him having urinary frequency and incontinence since having his chemotherapy that treated prostate cancer. Such symptoms are common post-chemo because cancer medications are quite severe and can cause significant irritation in the bladder. Since the DRE revealed an enlarged and nodular prostate, it is possible that the patient experiences some irritation due to an infection or inflammation, which results in incontinence and urinary frequency.
Summary
The factors affecting fertility in relation to STD and PID are not connected to this case study; however, it may be beneficial to discuss why prostatitis and infection take place because of the patient’s history of prostate cancer. It is notable that the causes of prostatitis vary depending on its type. For instance, acute bacterial prostatitis is a result of the adverse impact of common strains of bacteria, with the infection possibly spreading from other parts of the urinary and reproductive systems (Davis & Silberman, 2022). In chronic bacterial prostatitis, the causes may be the same as in acute infections; however, it takes place when the initial treatment is not sufficient or adequate enough to kill the bacteria. Moreover, patients may develop chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome, which is currently not well-understood because multiple factors may contribute to its occurrence (Zhang et al., 2020). These factors may include previous infection, immune system challenges, nervous system dysfunction, as well as irregular hormone activity and stress.
In terms of the back and spine pain that the patient reported, it is notable that the x-ray revealed some mild degenerative changes in the form of a cystic mass near the spine. Spinal cysts are benign lumps that form as a result of fluid buildup in a tendon sheath or joint capsule. The symptoms that the patient reported align with the characteristics of spinal cysts, such as backache and lasting pain that disrupts daily activities, including sleep. It is notable that spinal cysts are more common in people over the age of fifty, with the patient from the case study matching this description (Bruder et al., 2018). While the exact causes of the issue are unknown, they can develop as a result of the degeneration and instability of the spine in the areas that are subjective in repetitive motion, especially in the lumbar region joints (Ramhmdani et al., 2019). The patient reported first having the pain after lifting some heavy boxes, which meets the criteria for the onset of spinal cysts. It must be mentioned that considerations of anemia and the need for splenectomy after a diagnosis of ITP do not apply to the patient’s case study.
Conclusion
To address the adverse symptoms that the patient has reported, several steps are recommended. For back pain related to the spinal cysts, rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and possibly steroid injections can relieve the symptoms. Due to the normal findings of urinalysis, urinary frequency, and incontinence may be addressed holistically first, with the help of such methods as lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises, and bladder training (Partin et al., 2021). It is advised for the patient to maintain optimal weight for his body type and cut down on caffeine and alcohol intake because they can influence the adverse symptomology. Overall, the patient’s health suggests that he should reduce strenuous activity and have more rest, with regular screening and control being imperative.
References
Bruder, M., Gessler, F., Cattani, A., Droste, C., Seifert, V., Setzer, M., & Marquardt, G. (2018). Surgical treatment of spinal synovial cysts in elderly patients: Symptoms, treatment course, and outcome in patients >75 years of age.World Neurosurgery, 110, e520–e525. Web.
Davis, N. G., & Silberman, M. (2022). Bacterial acute prostatitis.StatPearls. Web.
Partin, A. W., Wein, A. J., Kavoussi, L. R., Peters, C. A., & Dmochowski, R. R. (2021). Campbell Walsh Wein urology (12th ed.). Elsevier.
Ramhmdani, S., Ishida, W., Perdomo-Pantoja, A., Witham, T. F., Lo, S-F. L., & Bydon, A. (2019). Synovial cyst as a marker for lumbar instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World Neurosurgery, 122, e1059-e1068. Web.
Zhang, J., Liang, C., Shang, X., & Li, H. (2020). Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A disease or symptom?Current Perspectives on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis. American Journal of Men’s Health, 14(1), 1557988320903200. Web.