Introduction
The probable cause of the changes that result in cancer cells’ development include inheritance and environmental changes. Therefore, precision cancer medicine focuses on defining the genomic alterations that drive a specified form of cancer instead of relying on a broad classification of the disease. The paper focuses on studying polyploidy/multinucleated giant cancer cells, calcium, BXL Protein, Acetylsalicylic Acid, and their specific roles in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Polyploidy/Multinucleated Giant Cancer Cells
Giant multinucleated cells are also referred to as polyploidy giant cancer cells. They are a unique class of giant cells that are formed through the fusion of macrophages. These cells cause tumor evolution and cancer genomes (Mirzayans et al., 2018). Little attention has been given to these cells mainly because they are generally perceived to originate from repeated cytokines (van de Pol et al., 2020). The polyploidy cells have no long-term proliferation in the body (van de Pol et al., 2020). They can form endored replication and generate regular-sized cancer cells by budding.
Calcium Role and How It Could Be a Potential Target in the Treatment
The intracellular calcium denoted as Ca2+ mainly works as a massager for regulating gene transcription, migration, proliferation, and even death of the cells. According to Pchitskaya et al. (2018), intracellular calcium homeostasis is mainly altered in cancer cells. The tumor angiogenesis, initiation, metastasis, and progression are incorporated in the alteration of cancer cells. Calcium is also critical in normal cell physiology, including gene transcription, migration, and proliferation. Therefore, it is possible to offer promising and potential chemotherapy to treat cancer by targeting deregulated calcium channels.
BXL Protein Role and How It Could Be a Potential Target in the Treatment
BXL also plays a critical role in inhibiting radiation-induced apoptosis in human cells. It is involved in apoptosis regulation, meaning that they play a crucial role in the cancer protection process. The study conducted by Chen et al. (2020) indicated that many human tumors mainly overexpress the BXL protein or other related groups. Therefore, there is a high probability that the overexpression of BXL is important for carcinogenesis in model systems. Thus, targeting the apoptotic pathway is a valid choice for developing new chemotherapies.
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) as a Potential Target in the Treatment
Aspirin is a common drug for the treatment of fever and pain. It is utilized in the prevention of myocardial infarction and blood clot stroke. It can also reduce the risk of many cancer forms in the long run (Dai et al., 2017). Studies have indicated that cancer patients ingesting Acetylsalicylic Acid have improved survival and reduced metastatic spread (Dai et al., 2017). Thus, aspirin could be used as potential treatment for Multinucleated Giant Cancer Cells.
However, the rate at which aspirin treats polyploidy has not yet been determined. The ability of aspirin to treat Multinucleated Giant Cancer Cells accounts for its inhibitory effects in malignancy (Dai et al., 2017). Some of the cancer types that can be treated with aspirin include colorectal, breast cancer, prostate, liver, lung, esophageal, and skin cancers. Therefore, aspirin should be encouraged for prevention and, in some cases, the cure for cancer. Aspirin blocks certain body substances resulting in reduction of swelling and pain.
Procedure to Study Polyploidy/Multinucleated Giant Cancer Cells in the Zebrafish Model
The study of polyploid giant cancer cells in the zebrafish model involves multiple steps. The first step is the zebrafish husbandry where they would be bred from the AB strain for three successive generations (van de Pol et al., 2020). The second phase would be the collection of eggs and polyploidy induction. In this case, the obtained eggs are kept in vitro to determine the timing embryogenesis (Van de Pol et al., 2020). Once phase two is completed, the next stage involves larval maintenance. Upon fertilization, the embryos are staged at fixed time points using the Leica MZ FLII stereomicroscope (van de Pol et al., 2020). The final step in the study of polyploidy involves the analysis of genome, cell size, and swimming performance for the zebrafish using Rstudio.
Conclusion
Some of the possible causes of cancer in the human body include changes in the environment, spontaneous development of cancer cells, and inheritance. The development of multinucleated giant cancer cells contributes significantly to tumor evolution, resulting in cancer development. The calcium ions, BXL Protein, and Acetylsalicylic Acid can be a reliable treatment for the disease, but further studies on their side effects need to be conducted.
References
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Dai X., Yan J., Fu X., Pan Q., Sun D., Xu Y., Wang J., Nie L., Tong L., Shen A., Zheng M., Huang M., Tan M., Liu H., Huang X., Ding J., & Geng M. (2017). Aspirin inhibits cancer metastasis and angiogenesis via targeting heparanase. Clinical Cancer Research, 23(20), 25-34. Web.
Mirzayans, R., Andrais, B., & Murray, D. (2018). Roles of polyploid/multinucleated giant cancer cells in metastasis and disease relapse following anticancer treatment. Cancers, 10(4), 118-197. Web.
Pchitskaya, E., Popugaeva, E., & Bezprozvanny, I. (2018). Calcium signaling and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Calcium, 70, 87-94. Web.
Van de Pol, I. L., Flik, G., & Verberk, W. C. (2020). Triploidy in zebrafish larvae: Effects on gene expression, cell size, cell number, growth, development, and swimming performance. PloS One, 15(3), 27-34. Web.