As a review, this work confirms that if an individual had a past infection of chronic inflammatory disease in his/her oral cavity, he or she is likely to have a tumor HPV. This occurs when an individual is infected with HNSCC. According to the study, this relationship is much evident amongst those with oropharyngeal cancer as compared to individuals with oral cavity or laryngeal SCC (Tezal et al., 2012). However, this review also takes into account that merely one study cannot be conclusive on the relationship between the past infection of chronic inflammatory disease and the tumor HPV status in patients with HNSCC.
A hospital-based case-control analysis in an inclusive cancer center managed to investigate all individuals who were suspected to have been attacked by primary squamous cell carcinoma in the larynx, oropharynx and oral cavity between the years 1999 and 2007. The total number of patients whose tissue samples as well as their dental records could be found was 124. Nevertheless, those who were diagnosed but were found to be younger than 21 years and patients who had been infected by cancer before were left out. Periodontitis history was evaluated by loss of alveolar bone in millimeters. These were obtained from panoramic radiographs by one assessor. The objective of the study was to assess whether periodontitis is related to the human papillomavirus (HPV) status of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). According to the investigations by the National Cancer Institute, Epidemiology, and the End Results Program, there had been stable growth in rates of oropharyngeal cancers in the U.S since 1973 despite a decrease in the usage of tobacco since 1965 (Tezal et al., 2012). These findings were consistent with observations in other parts of the world. The primary cause for this growth is accredited majorly to oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
50 out of the 124 samples that were taken indicated a histological match to the papillomavirus–infected area and affirmative response to the HPV capsid antigen by discoloration. Amongst the HPV-affirmative cancer incidences, HPV 16 was found to be the most prevalent detected at every area within the head and neck. This implies that a minimum of 40.3 percent of the oral squamous cell whose main cause was HPV 16. A ‘minimum’ is used in this case because the approaches used in this assessment were very precise. Even though nineteen variants of HPV could be closely linked to cancers, the researchers only focused on HPV 16, which comprises both Gardasil and Cervarix (Tezal et al., 2012). The HPV 16 negative wounds could have been caused by the other HPV variants. The massive mainstream of the HPV-positive cancer infections was found in the oropharynx 65.3%, with some located in the oral cavity 29.3 percent and larynx 20.5 percent.
This was a reflective assessment making use of the available data, and information on some descriptive variables. The variables comprised of the period of tobacco and alcohol usage, smokeless tobacco, nutrition, and the past sexual experience, which did not exist. Nonetheless, steadfast information on the significant demographic and daily life variables, histologic verification of cancer diagnoses, subtle HPV analyses as well as measurable and unbiased measures of periodontitis account was available. Probably, the most substantial strength of this analysis is that individuals who are both HPV cancer positive and negative were carefully chosen from the identical source population (Tezal et al., 2012).
Reference
Tezal, M., Scannapieco, F., Wactawski-Wende, J., Hyland, A., Marshall, J., Rigual, N., & Stoler, D. (2012). Local Inflammation and Human Papillomavirus Status of Head and Neck Cancers. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 138(7):669-75.