Correlation Analysis
Social Factors
The correlation table (Table 1) indicates that social factors have a strong positive correlation with the provision of job opportunities for Emiratis (r = 0.77) and very weak positive correlation with employment due to the quota requirement (r = 0.13). Moreover, the tables indicate that social factors have a very weak negative correlation with business sense to employ Emiratis (r = -0.03), and very strong negative correlations with Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (r = -0.82) and the experience of internal resistance towards Emiratisation (r = -0.96).
Table 1: Correlation between Social Factors and Dependent Variables.
Cultural Factors
Table 2 indicates that cultural factors have a moderate positive correlation with the business sense to employ Emiratis (r = 0.50), a very strong positive correlation with the provision of productive job opportunities (r = 0.97), and a strong positive correlation with the employment due to quota requirement (r = 0.70). Forstenlechner and Rutledge (2010) recommend the promotion of Emiratisation using policies that reflect social and cultural aspects of employers and employees. In contrast, cultural factors have a moderate negative correlation with Emiratisation as backdoor taxation and a very strong negative correlation with the experience of internal resistance towards Emiratisation.
Table 2: Correlation between Cultural Factors and Dependent Variables.
Economic Factors
Correlation table (Table 3) reveals that economic factors have a moderate correlation with the business sense to employ Emiratis (r = 0.63) and strong positive correlations with the provision of productive job opportunities (r = 0.94) and the employment due to quota requirement (r = 0.76). Toledo (2013) asserts that the enactment of regulations that promote the quota system enhances Emiratisation. However, economic factors have a very weak negative correlation with Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (r = -0.22) and a very strong negative correlation with the internal resistance towards Emiratisation (r = -0.81).
Table 3: Correlation between Economic Factors and Dependent Variables.
Regulatory Factors
From Table 4 below, it is apparent that regulatory factors have a strong positive correlation with the provision of job opportunities (r = 0.90) and moderate correlations with the employment due to quota requirement (0.56) and the business sense of employing Emiratis (r = 0.40). Motherly and Hodgson (2014) note that the quota system is integral in promoting Emiratisation and the creation of productive job opportunities. Moreover, regulatory factors have a moderate negative correlation with Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (r = -0.49) and a strong negative correlation with the internal resistance towards Emiratisation (r = -0.97).
Table 4: Correlation between Regulatory Factors and Dependent Variables.
Educational Factors
Correlation analysis shows that educational factors have a weak positive correlation with the employment of Emiratis as business sense (r = 0.29), a very strong positive correlation with the provision of productive job opportunities (r = 0.97), and a moderate positive correlation with employment due to quota requirement (r = 0.56). According to Muysken and Nour (2006), education level has a strong relationship with the employment of Emiratis. Additionally, educational factors have a moderate negative correlation with the Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (r = -0.45) and a very strong positive correlation with the internal resistance towards Emiratisation (r = -0.84).
Table 5: Correlation between Educational Factors and Dependent Variables.
Motivational Factors
Table 6 below indicates that motivational factors have a strong positive correlation with the employment of Emiratis as business sense (r = 0.70). Moreover, motivational factors have weak positive correlations with the provision of job opportunities (r = 0.23) and internal resistance towards Emiratisation (r = 0.18), and moderate correlations with Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (r = 0.42) and the employment due to quota requirement (r = 0.36).
Table 6: Correlation between Motivational Factors and Dependent Variables.
Linear Regression Analysis
The Influence of Social Factors
Employment as Business Sense
The regression analysis reveals that social factors have a very weak influence for they explain 0.1% of the variation in the employment of Emiratis as business sense (R = 0.034, R2 = 0.001).
Table 7: Regression Statistics.
Provision of Productive Job Opportunities
According to regression analysis, social factors have a strong influence because they explain 59.6% of the variation in the provision of productive job opportunities to Emiratis (R = 0.772, R2 = 0.596).
Table 8: Regression Statistics.
Emiratisation as backdoor taxation
Regression statistics shows that social factors have a very strong influence since they explain 67.8% of the variation in the Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (R = 0.823, R2 = 0.678).
Table 9: Regression Statistics.
Quota Requirement in Employment
The following regression analysis depicts that social factors have a very weak influence because they explain 1.7% of the variation in the employment of Emiratis as quota requirement (R = 0.823, R2 = 0.678).
Table 10: Regression Statistics.
Internal Resistance towards Emiratisation
Regression table shows that social factors have a very strong influence for they explain 92.3% of the variation in the internal resistance towards Emiratisation (R = 0.131, R2 = 0.017).
Table 11: Regression Statistics.
The Influence of Cultural Factors
Employment as Business Sense
From the regression table, it is apparent that cultural factors have a moderate influence because they explain 24.6% of the variation in the employment as a business sense (R = 0.496, R2 = 0.246).
Table 12: Regression Statistics.
Provision of Productive Job Opportunities
The regression table indicates that cultural factors have a strong influence for they explain 93.6% of the variability in the provision of productive job opportunities for Emiratis (R = 0.968, R2 = 0.936).
Table 13: Regression Statistics.
Emiratisation as Backdoor Taxation
The regression analysis shows that cultural factors have a moderate effect because they explain 9.6% of the variation in the Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (R = 0.309, R2 = 0.096).
Table 14: Regression Statistics.
Quota Requirement in Employment
The regression analysis shows that cultural factors have a strong effect for they account for 49.6% of the variation in the employment as quota requirement (R = 0.704, R2 = 0.496).
Table 15: Regression Statistics.
Internal Resistance towards Emiratisation
According to the regression table, cultural factors have a strong influence since they account for 69.5% of the variation in the internal resistance to Emiratisation (R = 0.834, R2 = 0.695).
Table 16: Regression Statistics.
The Influence of Economic Factors
Employment as Business Sense
The regression table reveals that economic factors have a moderate effect because they account for 39.2% of the variability in the employment of Emiratis as a business sense (R = 0.626, R2 = 0.392).
Table 17: Regression Statistics.
Provision of Productive Job Opportunities
According to the regression table, economic factors accounts for 87.8% of the variability in the provision of job opportunities, and thus, they have a strong influence labor market (R = 0.937, R2 = 0.695).
Table 18: Regression Statistics.
Emiratisation as backdoor taxation
From the regression table, it is evident that economic factors have a weak influence on the dependent variable accounts for they explain 4.7% of the variation in the Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (R = 0.217, R2 = 0.047).
Table 19: Regression Statistics.
Quota Requirement in Employment
The regression analysis reveals that economic factors have a strong influence for they explain 58.5% of the variation in the employment of Emiratis due to quota requirement (R = 0.765, R2 = 0.585).
Table 20: Regression Statistics.
Internal Resistance towards Emiratisation
Economic factors, according to the regression analysis, have a very strong effect since they explain 65.9% of the variation in the internal resistance towards Emiratisation (R = 0.812, R2 = 0.659).
Table 21: Regression Statistics.
The Influence of Regulatory Factors
Employment as Business Sense
Regulatory factors, according to the regression analysis, have a moderate effect for they account for 16.2% of the variability in the employment as business sense (R = 0.402, R2 = 0.162).
Table 22: Regression Statistics.
Provision of Productive Job Opportunities
The regression analysis reveals that regulatory factors have a strong influence as they account for 80.3% of the variation in the provision of productive job opportunities (R = 0.896, R2 = 0.803).
Table 23: Regression Statistics.
Emiratisation as backdoor taxation
The regression analysis indicates that regulatory factors have a moderate effect since they explain 24.2% of the variation in the Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (R = 0.492, R2 = 0.242).
Table 24: Regression Statistics.
Quota Requirement in Employment
According to regression analysis, regulatory factors have a moderate influence for they explain 31.6% of the variation in the employment as quota requirement (R = 0.562, R2 = 0.316).
Table 25: Regression Statistics.
Internal Resistance towards Emiratisation
From the regression table, it is apparent that regulatory factors have a strong influence because they explain 94.5% of the variation in the internal resistance towards Emiratisation (R = 0.972, R2 = 0.945).
Table 26: Regression Statistics.
The Influence of Educational Factors
Employment as Business Sense
Regression statistics indicate that educational factors have weak influence for they explain 8.3% of the variation in the employment of Emiratis as business sense (R = 0.287, R2 = 0.083).
Table 27: Regression Statistics.
Provision of Productive Job Opportunities
According to regression analysis, educational factors have a very strong influence because they account for 94.6% of the variation in the provision of job opportunities to Emiratis (R = 0.973, R2 = 0.946). Pech (2009) recommends the use of education in influencing Emiratisation and transforming labor sector in the United Arab Emirates. ,
Table 28: Regression Statistics.
Emiratisation as backdoor taxation
From the table, regression analysis shows that educational factors have a moderate influence for they explain 20.6% of the variation in the Emiratisation as backdoor taxation (R = 0.454, R2 = 0.206).
Table 29: Regression Statistics.
Quota Requirement in Employment
According to the regression table, educational factors have a moderate influence because they explain 31.5% of the variation in the quota requirement in employment (R = 0.561, R2 = 0.315).
Table 30: Regression Statistics.
Internal Resistance towards Emiratisation
The regression analysis indicates that educational factors have a strong influence since they account for 70.3% of the variation in the internal resistance towards Emiratisation (R = 0.839, R2 = 0.703).
Table 31: Regression Statistics.
The Influence of Motivational Factors
Employment as Business Sense
The regression analysis shows that motivational factors have strong influence since they explain 48.3% of the variation in employment as business sense (R = 0.695, R2 = 0.483).
Table 32: Regression Statistics.
Provision of Productive Job Opportunities
According to the regression analysis, motivational factors have weak influence because it accounts for 5.1% of the variation in the provision of productive job opportunities (R = 0.227, R2 = 0.051).
Table 33: Regression Statistics.
Emiratisation as backdoor taxation
From the regression analysis, motivational factors explain 17.5% of the variability in Emiratisation as backdoor taxation, and hence, they have a moderate influence on Emiratisation (R = 0.418, R2 = 0.175).
Table 34: Regression Statistics.
Quota Requirement in Employment
The R and R-square coefficients indicate that motivational factors account for 12.9% of the variability in employment owing to the quota requirement (R = 0.359, R2 = 0.129).
Table 35: Regression Statistics.
Internal Resistance towards Emiratisation
The coefficients of regression reveal that motivational factors have very weak influence since they account for 3.4% of the variation in internal resistance towards Emiratisation (R = 0.184, R2 = 0.034).
Table 36: Regression Statistics.
The Most Significant Factors Influencing the Companies’ Willingness to Recruit National
Cultural Factors
The correlation and regression analysis reveals that cultural factors are the most significant factors influencing the companies’ willingness to recruit nationals. The demystification of cultural stereotypes, promotion of local labor and empowerment of women has enhanced Emiratisation in the United Arab Emirates (Gallant & Pounder 2008). The analyses reveal that cultural factors are statistically significant positive predictors of the provision of job opportunities to Emiratis (r = 0.97, R = 0.968, R2 = 0.93.6, p = 0.007). The coefficients show that a unit increase in cultural factors causes 1.198 units to increase in the provision of job opportunities to Emiratis.
Table 39: ANOVA.
Table 40: Regression Coefficients.
Economic Factors
According to the correlation and regression analyses, economic factors the most significant factors influencing the companies’ willingness to recruit nationals. Emiratisation has become a human resource strategy of transforming the labor system and increasing the productivity of Emiratis (Harry 2007; Rees, Mamman, & Bin-Braik 2007). As the most significant factors, economic factors are statistically significant positive predictors of the provision of productive job opportunities to Emiratis (r = 0.94, R = 0.937, R2 = 0.878, p = 0.019). The regression equation predicts that a unit increase in social factors results in 1.229 units increase in the provision of productive job opportunities.
Table 41: ANOVA.
Table 42: Regression Coefficients.
Regulatory Factors
Regulatory factors are the most significant factors influencing the companies’ willingness to recruit nationals. Forstenlechner (2008) states that the enactment of legislation that supports Emiratisation has increased the employment rate of Emiratis in the United Arab Emirates. Regulatory factors are statistically significant positive predictors of the provision of productive job opportunities to Emiratis (r = 0.90, R = 0.896, R2 = 0.803, p = 0.040). The regression coefficients show that a unit increase in regulatory factors causes an increase in the provision of productive jobs to Emiratis by 1.242.
Table 43: ANOVA.
Table 44: Regression Coefficients.
Educational Factors
The correlation and regression analyses show that educational factors are the most significant factors influencing the companies’ willingness to recruit nationals. Fundamentally, educational factors are statistically significant predictors of the provision of productive job opportunities to Emiratis (r = 0.97, R = 0.973, R2 = 0.946, p = 0.005). These findings are in line with the findings of some studies, which affirm that which show that educational factors have a marked influence on Emiratisation because they determine the level of skills among Emiratis (Al-Ali 2008; Forstenlechner et al. 2012; Muysken & Nour 2006). The regression coefficients predict that a unit increase in educational factors causes an increase in the provision of productive job opportunities to Emiratis by 1.199.
Table 47: ANOVA.
Table 48: Regression Coefficients.
Motivational Factors
The correlation and regression analysis indicate that motivational factors are neither statistically significant positive or negative predictors of the dependent variables (p > 0.05). From the correlation and regression analysis, motivational factors have a strong relationship with the employment of Emiratis as business sense and explain 48.3% of its variation, but they are not statistically significant predictors (r = 70, R = 0.695, R2 = 0.483, p = 0.193). Studies show that extrinsic factors such as high remuneration, promotion, and rewards motivate Emiratis and thus promote Emiratisation (Abdulla, Djebarni, & Mellahi 2011; Lim, 2014; Lim 2013).
The Most Significant Factors Influencing the Companies’ Regret to Recruit Nationals.
Social Factors
From the correlation and regression analyses, social factors are the most significant factors influencing the companies’ regret to recruit nationals because they are statistically significant negative predictors of Emiratisation (p < 0.05). According to Sadi and Henderson (2010), social factors such as negative attitudes, high expectations, and low-level job opportunities have a negative effect on Emiratisation. Specifically, correlation and regression analyses indicate that social factors are statistically significant negative predictors of the challenge of the internal resistance towards Emiratisation (r = -0.96, R = 0.961, R2 = 0.923, p = 0.009). The regression equation shows that a unit increase in social factors results in a decline in the internal resistance towards Emiratisation by 1.255.
Table 37: AVONA.
Table 38: Coefficients of Internal Resistance.
Regulatory Factors
Regulatory factors are the most significant factors influencing the companies’ regret to recruit nationals. Regulations and policies compel companies to employ Emiratis, which is against their willingness to recruit them (Mellahi 2007; Noland & Pack 2008; Randeree, 2009). Essentially, economic factors also are statistically significant negative predictors of the internal resistance towards Emiratisation (r = 0.97, R = 0.972, R2 = 945 p = 0.006). The regression coefficients show that a unit increase in regulatory factors causes a decline in the internal resistance towards Emiratisation by 1.811.
Table 45: ANOVA.
Table 46: Regression Coefficients.
Mean, Median, Standard Deviation for the ‘Dependant Variables’.
According to the descriptive statistics, the dependent variables of the employment of Emiratis as business sense having a median of 91 (M = 97.74, SD = 63) and provision of job opportunities having a median of 102 (M = 97.4, SD = 63.52) have a moderate variability. Comparatively, the dependent variable of Emiratisation as a backdoor taxation having a median of 109 (M = 97.4, SD = 46.14) and the employment to meet quota requirement having a median of 81 (M = 97.4, SD = 41.84) have lower variability. The dependent variables of Emiratisation facing internal resistance have a median of 101 (M = 97.4, SD = 85.39), which means that it has the highest variability.
Table 49: Descriptive Statistics of Dependent Variables.
Mean, Median, Standard Deviation for the ‘Explanatory Variables’.
As per the descriptive statistics of explanatory variables, social factors have the highest variability (M = 97.4, SD = 65.39, Median = 71.8) while motivational factors have the lowest variability (M = 97.4, SD = 21.72, Median = 106.4). Cultural factors (M = 97.4, SD = 51.29, Median 104.20), economic factors (M = 97.4, SD = 45.54, Median = 114.25), and educational factors (M = 97.4, SD = 51.51, Mode = 105.25) have approximately the same variability in distribution.
Table 50: Descriptive Statistics for Explanatory Variables.
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