Abstract
- The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has continued to increase among children suffering from obesity.
- Most of these cases progress from prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Numerous factors contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes.
- Children with T2DM may experience some macrovascular and microvascular complications.
- Healthcare practitioners must do proper screening for children facing the danger of developing T2DM.
- Early screening will enable the practitioners to develop a rigorous management program for the disease.
Background
- There has been a significant increase in the number of children suffering from T2DM.
- Research indicates that the majority of the children suffering from T2DM are also obese (Barnett & Kumar, 2009).
- The pathogenesis of this disease is complex and it may include an interaction between environmental and genetic factors (Sheehan & Ulchaker, 2012).
- Children with T2DM may experience some macrovascular and microvascular complications.
- The relationship that subsists between obesity and the development of T2DM prompts research that aims to study the relationship between the two.
Problem Statement and Purpose of Study
Problem Statement
The sharp rise in the number of obese children suffering from T2DM is rising and might hit epidemic levels if not properly addressed.
Hypothesis
That there is a direct correlation between T2DM and childhood obesity.
Purpose of Study
- To present viable strategies for the screening of T2DM in children suffering from Obesity
- To explain the relationship that subsists glucose metabolism and adiposity
Background counts
- The research was conducted on children aged 10-14 years.
- The population affected by this condition of obesity and T2DM is mainly the Caucasians in the US.
- Children suffering from microvascular and macrovascular conditions face complications that include retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, which are all life-threatening conditions
- Parental consent was obtained prior to conducting the research.
About IFG and IGT
- Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are both considered intermediates states that mediate between normal and diabetic homeostasis.
- These two conditions are precursors to the development of Diabetes Mellitus
- The diagnosis and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus depend on the type of the precursor.
Significance of the Study
- The research study could provide crucial information on the issues surrounding the development of T2DM in obese children.
- Further, this study would review the steps taken by healthcare practitioners to prevent the disease from becoming an epidemic.
- Furthermore, the study would show the need for early screening among children with a risk of developing T2DM.
- To future researchers, the study can offer baseline information on the current status of T2DM in obese children.
Research Question and Theoretical Perspective
Research Question: How effectively can the development of T2DM be prevented in Obese Children?
Theoretical Framework
- This study uses the Health Promotion Model (HPM), which was developed by Nola Pender (Parsons, Pender, & Murdaugh, 2011).
- The model applies the understanding of learning as presented by behavioral science and applies it in the area of health promotion (Stephens, 2008).
- Additionally, the model can also be used to help obese children manage their condition and prevent the development of T2DM (Vaag, & Lund, 2007).
This model seeks to integrate behavioral science perspective and nursing in influencing the overall health outcome. The model applies the understanding of learning as presented by behavioral science and applies it in the area of health promotion (Stephens, 2008). This model can be applied to equip children of school-going age to actively pursue behavioral and lifestyle changes that will reduce their chances of developing obesity. Additionally, the model can also be used to help obese children manage their condition and prevent the development of T2DM (Vaag, & Lund, 2007).
Data Analysis
The participants in this study were school-going children. Each of these participants was assigned a random number. The children were then asked a series of questions to ascertain their und2007 was used as the preferred tool for analyzing the data collected.
Evidence
The participants in the study were school-going children.
Data Collection Instruments
Structured questionnaires were used to gather the data from the participants. The healthcare workers were tasked with the role of filling in the questionnaires with the information supplied by the participants.
Statistical Analysis Used and Value Reported
Microsoft Excel was used as the preferred tool for analyzing the data collected. All data was keyed into an excel sheet and graded to yield statistical graphs.
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical Analysis: All data were keyed into an excel sheet and graded to yield statistical graphs. This was used together with descriptive statistics and the value report with p>0.5
- Strength and Weakness of Study
- Strength: The study was very easy to execute because it did not require the use of complex statistical analysis tools.
- Weakness: The participants were very young and the responses received might have been biased due to a lack of proper understanding of the study
- Evidence: There is a direct relationship between theory, practice, and research. The use of the Health Promotion Model (HPM) shows how nurse practitioners can apply behavioral science to influence positive lifestyles among participants. The nurse is tasked with conducting the research and administering the research instruments. The research concludes by showing that indeed there is evidence for evidence-based practice by showing how the nurse applies Health Promotion Model (HPM) in dealing with T2DM in obese children.
References
Barnett, A. H., & Kumar, S. (2009). Obesity and diabetes. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Parsons, M. A., Pender, N. J., & Murdaugh, C. L. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice (3rd ed.). Stamford, Conn.: Appleton & Lange.
Sheehan, J., & Ulchaker, M. M. (2012). Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stephens, C. (2008). Health promotion: A psychosocial approach. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Vaag, A., & Lund, S. S. (2007). Non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetic subjects: distinct phenotypes requiring special diabetes treatment and (or) prevention?. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 32(5), 912-920.