Four systems of Law
Law is the foundation stone of any society and it is a society that builds a country. At present there are fundamentally four systems of law. These are common law, civil law, traditional law and religious law. Traditional law or custom law is very rare and it found to be in practice only in Mongolia. It was the law put down by the mighty Genghis Khan and is in practice since his time. However, the other three forms of law are mostly used throughout the world.
Religious laws are laws that are attached to certain faith or religion and the parameters of this form of law maintain the norms of that specific religion. Sharia in Islam is practiced in different counties like Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran etc. Halakha in Judaism is practiced in Israel. The Christian group of counties follows the Cannon law, which is at par with the teachings of Christianity. In sharp contrast Civil Law is the product of European thought process and is historically placed in the Roman code of laws. However, there are several reforms and adaptations of this law like French civil law, Swiss civil Law or German civil Law. Common Law is practiced in several countries like UK, US, India, Ireland, Brazil and many other countries. This law is based on the idea of equity and this law is flexible and can be changed in accordance to the need of the society and the nation. (Lamb, 220-223)
This flexibility makes this law acceptable to many and should be used in settlement of dispute in the international arena. It is true that being a resident of the US this judgment is sure to influence my personal opinion but ever it was not, there is every chance that this Common law would be my preferred law because of its idea of equity and flexibility.
Quad
International business was never easy. However, to make the transactions less complex and to control several economic factors such as price, demand, production and sale volume, it is often seen that different countries with the same mode of operations unite together to form a group. Such a group is the Quad. The Quad courtiers included are EU, Canada, Japan and the USA.
The Quad counties are operational in the parameters of food and agricultural products. It is instrumental in determination of tariffs between the countries. There are preferences on products and the demand of a specific product determines the tariff and possible margins of cost and profit ratios. Under the parameters of multilateral liberalization, each country involved is free to develop and execute its individual goal subjected to a specific developing country or countries. Under this scheme, the least developed countries gets benefit in tariff. (OECD, 81)This is why “Quad is such an important consideration for international business”.
Similarly, the Four Tigers are four Asian nations that are instrumental in production and implementation in the context of technology and sophisticated manufacturing domain. These countries are Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong. The development is a big aspect of the world market of technology. Thus, it is chiefly directed towards business in the international arena whereas the Quad countries are involved in a more holistic approach through business means. Thus, it can well be stated that that though Four Tigers holds a significant level of priority in the context of international development it is true that the welfare norms of the Quad countries make them stand apart in the common market induce economy and thus their level of importance is much higher than others.
Works Cited
Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization; (Wellington: National Book Trust. 2004)
OECD; Preferential margins in the agricultural sector of quad countries for selected non-reciprocal agreements; Agriculture & Food, Volume 2007, Number 9, 2008 , pp. 9-89(81)