463 Islam Topics to Write About & Examples

On this page, see Islamic essay topics for a variety of tasks. Anything from challenging titles to simple issues to talk about – find something that suits your assignment!

Majoring in Islamic studies? Interested in the discussion around religion? Simply got an assignment related to it? We’ve got you covered! Below, check a list of Islamic topics for presentation, essay, research paper, speech, and more. Our team has gathered unique ideas on numerous questions and Islamic topics you may enjoy.

🕌 Islamic Topics — TOP 10

1. Role of Women in Islam
2. Islamophobia and Its Effects
3. The Five Pillars of Islam: Foundation of Muslim Life
4. How Are the Ten Commandments and the Five Pillars of Wisdom Similar?
5. Difference Between Islam and Christianity Essay
6. Sorcery in Islam, Its Types and Penalty
7. Ramadan: The Islamic Sacred Event
8. Judaism, Islam and Christianity: Differences and Similarities
9. Islamic Economic System and Socialism Comparison
10. Position of Women in Islam

🗣️ Topics in Islam to Talk About

Islam is a vast topic offering a comprehensive view of the world and man’s place in it. The richness and depth of Islamic teachings can interest not only those who practice it but also those who simply want to learn more.

Differences between Islam and Christianity

Islam emphasizes one God, Allah, and considers Muhammad the final prophet. In contrast, Christians believe in the Trinity — God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit — and view Jesus as the Son of God and Savior. While Christians strive to unite their churches for global efforts against poverty and injustice, Islam’s core mission is to establish social justice for the marginalized and vulnerable members of society.

Adam and Eve in Islam

According to Islam, Adam and Eve succumbed to temptation and tasted the forbidden fruit. However, in contrast to Christianity, this resulted in their descent to Earth, not as punishment, but as a new chapter. Islam does not hold the concept of Original Sin, so both Adam and Eve repented and were forgiven by Allah. This story reminds us that every human being has free will.

Media Effect on Islam as a Religion

Media depictions of Islam are often unfavorable. They link this religion to violence and terrorism, negatively influencing public attitudes toward Muslims. This one-sided approach promotes Islamophobia and a distorted understanding of Muslim culture and religion. However, the media can also be a driving force for raising awareness of Islamic teachings, principles, and traditions.

What Are the Tough Questions about Islam?

Tough questions about Islam often arise around how Sharia law is interpreted, notably when it comes to human rights, gender equality, and the treatment of non-Muslims. Debates frequently center on the relationship between Islam and political violence since radicals may exploit Islamic texts to justify terrorism. Furthermore, integrating Islamic rituals into secular societies creates significant questions about religious freedom, cultural identity, and societal standards.

Mental Health in Islam

Islam prioritizes its followers’ mental and emotional well-being, employing psychological concepts through the prism of spirituality. Moreover, the Qur’an guides those experiencing emotional difficulties and seeks to lead people to a meaningful lifestyle. This emphasis on inner peace translates into a more balanced and fulfilling life for Muslims.

Women’s Rights in Islam

Islamic teachings provide a framework for women’s rights, outlining their roles and freedoms in social, economic, and family life. However, different interpretations and cultural practices can create a gap between teachings and reality, which leads to limitations for women in some societies. Modern reforms within Islam aim to bridge this gap by empowering women and embracing contemporary human rights ideals.

🏆 Best Islam Topic Ideas & Essay Examples

1. The Mu’tazilites and the Ash’arites Islamic Schools
   It was established that the meanings of the second-order were to be found in Qur’an. In contrast with the Ash’arites, the Mu’tazilites refused to approach the verses of the Qur’an in a literal manner.
2. Islamic Society and Beliefs
   Religion is a system of faith that is based on the belief in a god and the subsequent worship of the god.
3. Islamic Architecture: Al-Masjid Al-Haram, Ka’aba, Makka
   The buildings had to be the works of the Greek architects, they resembled the buildings in the late Roman Empire. The effects of these models inspired the architects of the time hence it contributed to […]
4. Media Effect on Islam as a Religion
   The stereotyping of the Islamic religion as a religion of violence and terror in the whole world is due to the misrepresentation by the media.
5. The Islamic Golden Age
   The paper will highlight some of the accomplishments made by famous Muslim scientists in order to underscore the contribution of Islam to science. The House of Wisdom contributed to the advancement of research efforts by […]
6. Life After Death: Christianity and Islam Perspectives
   The afterlife, or the resurrection, is the purpose of most religions. This is the question we ask when we talk of the afterlife and the resurrection.
7. Abrahamic Religions: Judaism, Christianity, Islam
   The three religions believe that, God’s communication to His people is made through prophets as illustrated in the holy books for the three religions, with Christianity, Judaism, and Islam believing in holy bible, Torah and […]
8. Islam and Christianity: A Comparative Analysis
   Christianity and Islam have one of the main ways of the attitude and worldviews of God. Henceforth, for the Christian religion, there is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, who form the concept […]
9. Islam Religion Fundamental Beliefs
   In addition, the adherents of Islam are guided by the religious obligations which are outlined in the Five Pillars of Islam.
10. Sperm Donation and Surrogacy in Islam and Christianity
    The baby at birth, therefore, is genetically identical to the intended parents than the surrogate mother, as opposed to traditionally surrogacy where the baby bears attributes of the surrogate mother and biological father. This is […]
11. The Islam’s Six Dimensions
    According to Dien, the calligraphy of the Quran and the various rituals which are told to be put forwarded by Muhammad have been crucial for the spread of Islam to many parts of the world.
12. Positive Impact of Islamic Art on Society
    Its impact of social and cultural development of the Islamic World and other cultures can be considered to be positive because it has introduced uniqueness, originality, and unity of Islamic culture, architecture, media and politics.
13. The Rise and Fall of the Islamic Spain
    This paper intends to explain the rise and fall of the Islamic Spain with a particular emphasis on the importance of Spain to the world civilisation.
14. Significance of the veil in Islam
    Moreover, the veil has gained massive popularity among Arab countries, as almost all women cover their faces.[1] While this is the case, some communities around the world view the use of the Islam veil as […]
15. Islam: Orthodoxy or Orthopraxy?
    The primary goal of the research is to find out whether Islam is orthodoxy or orthopraxy, comparing it to Christianity and exploring the pillars of both religions.
16. Golden Age of Islam: Inventions and Success in Science
    The achievements of the Muslim technology and science contributed to the development of the Western society and helped Europe come out of the Dark Ages.
17. Prophethood and the Making of Islamic Historical Identity
    These doctrines of the Qur’an provided a chronology of events to show Muhammad and his followers the true way to God as well as reveal to them the stories of earlier prophets to whom God […]
18. Religion: Islam
    Muslims believe that Islam came from God and the prophet Mohammad is the last prophet; in the religion, there is a lot of emphasis on the meaning the religion, this portrays the religion as a […]
19. The Main Topic of the “Islam” Book by Jamal J. Elias
    The main topic to which the author devotes the book is the world religion of Islam and the peculiarities of the life of a Muslim.
20. The Rise and Evolution of the World of Islam
    Prophet Muhammad, who was was born and raised in Mecca, started spreading the teachings of Islam in Saudi Arabia and this marked the origin of Islam.
21. Calligraphy Inscription in Islamic Architecture and Art
    In this paper, the focus is made on the history and use of calligraphy as a form of Islamic architecture in the Timurid and its contemporary development.
22. The Rituals in Islam
    Life of a child is sacred in this faith and abortion is not allowed unless the life of the mother is in danger.
23. Islamic Culture and Civilization
    In such a way, the objective of this paper is to analyze the crucial milestones of Islamic culture and civilization in relations to its achievements in the fields of both sciences and humanities.
24. Christianity and Islam in the “Kingdom of Heaven”
    The director pictures their respective contributions in the making of the present ‘history of religions.’ A good number of instances in the film appear historically accurate.
25. Analysis of the “Inside Islam” Video
    For example, I have learned that, contrary to the common perceptions of the Sharia law, this concept is seen by the majority of Muslims as the rule of law based on the Islamic values.
26. Christianity and Islam: The Attitude Toward Wealth
    The Bible is the main source of understanding Christianity and its concepts. In this part of the Bible, God is not viewed as someone who takes the side of the poor and regards attempts to […]
27. Islam and Christianity Impacts on the Medieval World
    This paper highlights the impact of both religions on the medieval world by showing that the influence of Islam on Medieval Europe was stronger than the influence of Christianity in medieval Asia.
28. Religion Impact on Morality in Christianity and Islam
    The fact that discussion still goes on testifies to the importance and complexity of the issue rather than the lack of effort in clarifying it.
29. Muqarnas in Islamic Architecture
    The analysis of Bahri Mamluk muqarnas gives a general understanding of geometrical analytic and techniques of the erection of muqarnas configurations.
30. The Major World Religions: Islam and Christianity
    The relevance of Jesus Christ in Christianity and Islam also proves to be a major area of divergence in the two religions.
31. Islamic Religion and Its Influence on the Society
    The objective of this paper is to understand Islam as a religion, the way it affects its followers and the way in which its followers view the world in general.
32. The Holy Month of Ramadan in Islam
    The obvious point to begin this understanding is the Five Pillars of Islam the religion’s core tenets, including the Muslim creed, charity, pilgrimage to Mecca, prayer, and fasting on the holy month of Ramadan.
33. Islamic Gardens: Taj Mahal and Alhambra
    A canal is constructed at the front in a manner so that a reflection of the mausoleum can be seen in the water.
34. Islamic Marriage and Divorce
    The family being the basic unit of a society which is also a principle in the Islamic society its genesis is the relationship between a husband and a wife.
35. Islamic Philosophy Related To Patient Care
    If a patient dies, the family should be allowed to take care of the body according to the Islamic law. Therefore, the movement of the body to a laboratory for a postmortem is not pleasing […]
36. The Islamic and Mughal Arts
    If the objects presented in the Jameel Gallery reflect the standard features of the Islamic art, the objects typical for the Mughal art can be discussed as influenced by the combination of the Islamic and […]
37. The Economical System in Islam
    Islam recognizes that humans must undertake various economic activities to survive in a competitive society where resources are limited.
38. The Al-Hijab in Islamic Law
    Hijab is a term that describes both the styles of dressing that are defined by the Muslim doctrines and also the traditional covering of the head usually worn by the Muslim women.
39. Polygamy in Islam
    Muslim men in polygamous marriages should be kind to their women. Nonetheless, many Muslim men are unable to comply with the rules of Islamic polygamy.
40. The Five Pillars of Islam
    The five tenets of Islam guide the faithful not to waver in their obedience to Allah. The Five Pillars of Islam are used to emphasize unity among the faithful and act in one voice.

👍 Good Essay Topics on Islam

1. Islam and Christianity: Influence on Leadership
   The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the contribution of Islam and Christianity to change leadership. The concept of punishment is present in Christianity and Islam and is related to the idea […]
2. A Christian Organization Serving in an Islamic Context
   Each of the five pillars of Islam serves a different purpose that strengthens the beliefs of the Muslims. The Shahada is expressed through the Tawhid prayer, “no god but God”, asserting the unity of God […]
3. The Spread of Christianity and Islam
   The former was first developed in the 1st century CE by Jesus of Nazareth, while Islam dates back to approximately the 7th century with the help of the prophet Muhammad.
4. Religious Symbols and Rituals in Christianity and Islam
   The symbols of light and the Sun are ever-present in Christianity, manifesting hope, wisdom, and purity. In this regard, one should remain reverent with Christ’s teachings and the light of Christianity.
5. The Islamic Contribution to Philosophy
   This paper will examine the works and ideas of the prominent Islamic thinkers, the sources of classical or early Islam Philosophy.
6. E-Sale Contract From an Islamic Perspective
   The current research report is a comprehensive study that involves a thorough study of the objectives and rules about the formation of the e-sale contract.
7. Islam: The Status of Women Analysis
   The status of women in Islam has often been misinterpreted by the Western world, however, one only needs to read the Islamic texts as well as examine the history of women in the Muslim world […]
8. “McJihad: Islam in the U.S. Global Order” by Mitchell
   In particular, the author explained the importance of what is known as the system of scarcity that is responsible for the stability of prices and the balance in the oil industry.
9. Islamic Business
   In Islamic business, currency notes and debt certificates in exchange of homogeneous currencies are not valid subjects of sale as they represent purchasing powers with respect to the different denominations they are in.
10. Islamic World History: Ottoman Empire & Qajar Iran
    In ancient times, leadership in some regions of the world was in the form of Empires and kingdoms that were ruled by Kings and queens.
11. Islamic Theology and Philosophy
    These religions have fundamental differences in their approach to Allah, to the destiny of man, and the position of man in the world, to the sin, good, and evil, to the Judgment day and the […]
12. Fatima Mernissi about the Women’s Way of Life in Islam
    Ironically, about 50% of the voters are women but they refrain from taking up the offices due to the misunderstanding of the holy books and fear of rejection from the society especially men who are […]
13. Islamic Architecture: Environment and Climate
    The work of Erzen explains that the development of architectural styles and methods of innovation in the various regions of the world is often the result of responses to the natural environment.
14. Islamic Art Patterns: Emirati Architecture Identity
    Art historians, critics, and experts studying the matter seek to grasp the patterns’ meanings and the philosophy of the artists. It filled the Art with the holy spirit of the Koran.
15. Abbasid Era in the History of the Islamic World
    The Abbasids rule could be considered one of the turning points in the history of the Islamic world. Powerful Caliphs initiated the rise of industry and the agricultural sector to guarantee the stability and growth […]
16. Islam and Racism: Malcolm X’s Letter From Mecca
    Malcolm’s experience of the pilgrimage has made him believe that real unity and understanding actually can exist between people regardless of their country of birth, the color of skin, or the language they speak.
17. The Gardens of Islam: Water and Shade
    Thus, water contributes to the image of a garden as a sacred place both directly, by appealing to the needs of desert dwellers, and symbolically, by aligning with the belief system of the population.
18. Arab and Islamic History: Sharjah Museum of Islamic Civilization
    The rapid spread of Islam in the world incorporated inhabitants of Islamic civilization and non-believers who resided in the same evolution.
19. Comparison Between Islamic Story of Creation and Bing Bang Theory
    In the ‘big bang’ theory of creation, scientists believe that the universe keeps on expanding with time as a result of the big bang that took place 13-15 billion years ago. The similarity between the […]
20. “Islam, A Short History” by Karen Armstrong
    Armstrong demonstrates political and religious history of the Muslim world, starting with the Koran revelation to Muhammad in 610 AD through to the present days.
21. Significant Achievements of the Islamic Civilization
    The sort of political and trade framework that came into existence after the advent of this religion resulted in the provision of a legal order that the Arabs had no former experience of and hence, […]
22. Islam: Major Differences Between the Shiite Muslims and the Sunni Muslims
    In conclusion, it is possible to state that there a number of similarities as well as differences between the Shiite and Sunni Muslims.
23. Comparison of Islam and Hinduism: Core Beliefs and the Perception of the Central Problem of Humanity
    The goal of the Mulsims’ life is to follow the Five Pillars and regularly pray to Allah. The continuous cycle of death and rebirths in Hinduism is opposed to a single life of devotion in […]
24. Islamic Architectural Design
    Some of these factors include the climate, the culture and religion of the people and the building materials that are available.
25. Calligraphy as Fundamental Element of Islamic and Chinese Art
    Calligraphy In- script in Islamic culture has been varied in the sense that it has been instrumental in shaping the Quran, mosques and palaces.
26. Lessons Learnt From Islamic Spirituality
    The main purpose of religion is to fulfill the gap between the body and spiritual needs of individuals. The desire of people in life is to excel.
27. Miracles in Islam and Historical Acts
    The Quran is believed to be a miracle of miracles as it is considered to be a creation of the supreme maker, Allah. The Quran is believed to have remained the same and constant since […]
28. Pre Islamic Oral Poetry
    This discussion will look at pre-Islamic poetry, its history, some of the famous people who were skilled at the art of oral poetry, analyze the poetry, oral poetry competitions used in the city of Medina, […]
29. Women’s Role in Islam
    The governments of these countries have made great progress in the education of girls, the basis for any advance of women, increasing on all levels the facilities for an enrollment of girls and women in […]
30. “Speaking in God’s Name: Islamic law, Authority and Women” by Khaled Abou El Fadl
    The author discusses the concept of an authoritative being in Islamic law by examining the idea of the existence of Divine sovereignty, the function of compliance in the creation of authority, and the purpose of […]
31. Islamic Treaties of Medina and Najran
    This situation led to the Treaty of Medina, which was ratified by non-Muslims, including Arabs, the Jews of Medina, and the Muslim communities.
32. Islamic Modernism and Its Culture
    Modernists reforms aimed to deal with aspects relating to the law of evidence, modern education, the status of women in the society, right of Muslim to have independent thinking and rationality, constitutional reforms, the nature […]
33. Harmony Between Islam and Muslims: How Non-muslims Can Live in Harmony With Muslims
    They are made to believe that any person who is not a Muslim is an enemy of the Muslims and must be dealt with ruthlessly.
34. Meaning of Life from Islamic Point of View
    In reference to Hines, the understanding of what life is defines the purpose of living it. The aim of the current research is to investigate the meaning of life according to the Islamic faith.
35. Islamic Religion: Zakah
    Zakah is listed among the five pillars forming the basic foundations of the religion of Islam; it is the third of the five.
36. Comparing Judaism and Islam
    Most common to the practices and traditions of the two religions is the “aspects of ritual purity, the practice of fasting, and the presence of dietary laws”.
37. Analysis of Hadith in Islam
    The validity of such statements is of great importance to Islamic historians who pay close attention to their transmission of Hadith.
38. Islam and the Qur’an
    It is imperative to note that the Qur’an continues to inspire the lives of many Muslims. The biggest factor however is that the Qur’an is a book full of ayets and quotes that make those […]
39. The Conditions of Hindu and Islamic Women in Medieval India
    Similarities of Hindu and Muslim Women in Medieval India The political involvement of both Hindu and Muslim women is a common feature they shared in the medieval period. Differences of Hindu and Muslim Women in […]
40. Islamic Art: Early Medieval Period
    In the following paper I will examine the example of the mina’i ware Ewer in order show how these aspects are presented in the ewer of the 12th century which is a perfect example of […]

🥇 Interesting Topics to Write about Islam

1. Taqiya and Mut’ah in Islam: The Legal Status of Mut’ah Marriage in Indonesia
   It is essentially a temporary contract marriage, in which a man and a woman agree to assume the roles of husband and wife for a limited period.
2. First Fitna: Islamic Civil War
   Evaluating the situation, it appears that the First Islamic Civil war led to the split in the Muslim religion caused by the effects of the Arbitration Agreement developed after the battle of Siffin.
3. History of Crafting Islam
   To convert non-Arabs to Islam, the power of the Koran and the oral traditions established by the final prophet were used.
4. Brief Summary about Islam
   In fact, Islam is the name given to the religion while Muslim is used to refer to its followers. It is also the duty of Muslims to give alms to the poor and strive in […]
5. Emergence of Islam in the Middle East
   Following one of the popular versions, Islam emerged because of the unique cultural peculiarities of the area and spread to the Middle East through the conversion, which implied a missionary mission, prolonged interaction, and formation […]
6. Justice Through Both Lenses: Conceptions of Justice From Earliest History to Islam
   However, justice can be analyzed through the lenses of assumptions made by these philosophers, who share certain similarities and yet tend to be opposite in beliefs due to the extent to which the masses are […]
7. Islamophobia – Major Causes and Effects
   Islamophobia refers to prejudice, fear, or hatred against Muslims. It originated during the 1900s but its modern use began in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
8. Salah al-Din, an Islamic Military Leader
   To study these events, it is crucial to consider the identity of Salah al-Din. In conclusion, it is important to stress that although the military victories of Salah al-Din caused much trouble for the crusaders, […]
9. Why Christianity and Islam Are Persistent World Religions
   Christianity and Islam are persistent religions of the world because of the high fertility rate, age, and location of the adherents, most of whom are in developing countries.
10. The Role of Preunderstandings in Islamic Jurisprudence
    Numerous aspects of text and interpretation characterize the legal arena as the professionals in law often attribute interpretation to a rational activity meant to give meaning to any legal text.
11. Visual Analysis of Objects of Islamic Art
    The patterns of the item, which were initially established in southern Italy after the area was converted back to Christianity, demonstrate the widespread adoration of the Islamic style among the aristocracy of Normandy.
12. Aspects of the Islamic Civilization
    Islamic culture declined as a result of attacks by the Crusaders, the Mongols, the collapse of Andalusia, and internal issues within the Islamic world, but it recovered under the Safavids, the Ottomans, and the Gurkhanis […]
13. Islamic Civilization and Culture: The 7th Century
    The 7th Century marked the beginning of the implementation of trade and tax measures as defining elements of the Muslim state as the centralized empire began its transformation into a nominal confederation.
14. Islamic Religion in Western and Arabic Cinema
    While both adhere to historical notions, the purpose of the film may be steered according to the religious leanings of the writers, directors, and other decision-making personnel within a film’s production.
15. Western Ideology vs. Political Islam in Turkey
    The ashes of the Ottoman Empire led to the organization of the modern Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923. The end of the Cold War in the new millennium led to the reasoning of […]
16. Islamic Patients in African Community
    When interviewing a patient, a nurse must be mindful not only of the things that concern the patient’s health directly but also of the cultural aspects that are associated with the patient.
17. Islamic Worldview Analysis and Comparison With Christianity
    The prophet Isaiah in the Old Testament reckons that the sins of men separate between humanity and God and causes God to hide his face from humankind, not God’s transcendence.
18. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria and Its Socialization Practices
    ISIS, or the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, is a terrorist group that appeared as a branch of Al-Qaeda in 2014 and conquered large parts of Iraq and Syria.
19. Campaign Against Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham
    The citizens of this state must live according to sharia – the norms fixed in the Koran and the Sunnah. The Islamic State, on the other hand, has proved the ability to carry out a […]
20. The Middle Path of Moderation in Islam by Kamali
    Kamali further argues that the popularity of Sufism even in the west is vastly attributed to the total preoccupation of Muslim masses with ritualism and adherence to the exteriors of Islam.
21. Islamic State of Iraq and Syria from Wood’s and Dagli’s Perspectives
    In terms of ISIS and Islamic representation, Wood believed that ISIS represented a fringe movement within Islam that does not reflect the religious teachings.
22. Fasting Practice in Islam and Its Impact
    When individuals think of fasting as a practice, the first concept that comes to mind is overall altruism, a term from the field of psychology.
23. History of Islam and the Caliphates
    One can find the origins of the Islamic faith in the Arabian Peninsula. Islamic faith was based around Muhammad’s recitations of God’s will the Koran.
24. Value and Sexuality of Women in Christianity and Islam
    This essay will explain the value and sexuality of women in the Islamic religion compared to Christianity. This essay will answer the question: is it true that women in Christianity and Islamic religions are devalued?
25. Famous People Who Converted to Islam
    In essence, Ali’s conversion gave him a sense of control and he was determined to fight for his beliefs even if it meant being imprisoned.
26. Dreaming in Christianity and Islam
    Indeed, I was influenced mainly by the studies that explained this phenomenon from the point of continuous activity of people’s minds that processes daily routine during the night.
27. The Islamic Brotherhood and Japanese Red Army Movements
    The influence of the Brotherhood was witnessed when it rallied a lot of support for the 1936 Arab Revolt in Palestine, which targeted to overthrow the British administration.
28. Islam Consideration According to Ibn Khaldun
    The principles of equality in front of the law, accountability of policymakers in front of the public, and freedom of self-expression eventually vanished away. These issues impacted the growth of capital, the creation, and the […]
29. The Causes of the Islamic Civil War
    The power was passed from father and son, and the Quraish of the Hashemites handed power to the Umayyads after the murder of Muttalib.
30. Aspects of Christianity and Islam
    Christianity is one of the popular religions in the modern world, but at the very beginning of its development, it was few and persecuted.
31. Christianity and Islam: The Concept of Godhood
    The key underlying difference lies in the fact that Christians believe in Jesus embodying both divine and human forms, which makes him both God and human.
32. Islam Development in the 11th-12th Centuries
    The development of Islam was at its peak between the 11th and 12th centuries as it was a Golden Age that lasted from the 8th century to the 14th century.
33. Architeture and Function in Buddhism, Christianity, and Islamic Religion
    In Buddhism religion, various architectural structures like Stupas which are oldest in Buddhism and Pagodas which are major form of architectural structures in Buddhism have been used for long time up to date.
34. Overarching Theme of Islamic Readings
    The second source is the chapter The Month of Jumada ‘l-Ula in The Travels of Ibn Jubayr by Mu ammad ibn A mad Ibn Jubayr.
35. Contemporary Islamic Art Overview
    The influence of European art in the East grows in the 19th century and reaches its climax by the 20th century.
36. Self-Martyrdom in Islam: Jihad
    While Muslims try to submit and be committed to Allah, they base Jihad actions on the Tawhid doctrine and they act in unity to accomplish the command as well as the will of Allah.
37. Representation of Muslims and Islam in Western Media
    The racialization is arguably the result of how the media represents the religion in light of the several terror attacks conducted by extreme Muslim groups.
38. Wisdom and Longing in Islam’s Religion
    The problem of terrorism and the associated inadequate perception of Islam in the world is a growing concern. In particular, this perception is associated with the activities of members of radical organizations performing acts of […]
39. Discussion of Wisdom and Longing in Islam
    In other words, adequate knowledge is a critical factor that can reduce the problem of extremist Islamic groups because it lasts for generations and provides answers to people’s questions.
40. Islamic Belief Is Comprehensive
    The central theme of Islam as carried in all beliefs is peaceful co-existence and respect for other people’s religion.

🎓 Simple & Easy Islamic Topics to Talk about

1. Islamophobia and Its Impacts on British Muslims After 7/7
   Another objective is to understand what Islamophobia comprises and how it functions in the societal context and theoretical propositions about approaches to preclude and eradicate Islamophobia.
2. Effects of Islamic Civilization: Asia and Africa
   The Battle of Talas in 751 between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Chinese Tang Dynasty for control of Central Asia was the turning point initiating mass conversion into Islam in the region.
3. Islam in West Africa
   To understand the nature and impact of contemporary relationships between politics and religion in the region, it is important to consider the effects of European colonial rule in the nineteenth century.
4. Sacred Tales of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
   In addition, all prophets carry the same message, since a miracle is intended to show people the power of the Lord and help them find faith in him. Although some details, such as the amount […]
5. Islamic Civilization and the Development of Astronomy
   Get this: In the formation of the heavens and the world; in the night and day variation; in the voyage of ships around the globe for the sake of humanity; in the rain that Allah […]
6. Islam Akhun and His Relationship With Aurel Stein in the Silk Road
   Islam’s creativity was clear from the counterfeits and the ornate particulars he provided on the circumstances and provenance. This paper explores the history of Islam Akhun in the Silk Road and his relationship with Aurel […]
7. Researching of Islam and Politics
   Is this the type of justice described in the Holy Quran? No. Our Lord is the Most Gracious, Whose Help is to be sought against that which you attribute!
8. The Islam Ideology and Politics
   This is not depicted in the Sharia law, the sacred law that is the foundation of Islam to which the nation attributes its leadership and governance.
9. Islam and Politics: Qaddafi’s Ideology
   Qaddafi’s ideology towards the resolution of the problem of democracy was not a success because the various levels of freedom aimed at fostering expression of oneself and not of the society.
10. Human Rights in Islam and West
    Instead, it would stick to drafting standards and stay out of the actual developments and problems of the Stalinist Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and its colonies, and the segregationist United States and other powers […]
11. Islam, the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East: Dissipating of the Misconceptions
    In the first page Lockman relates that in the past the ‘engagements’ we have had with the Middle East has resulted in essence in 11 September 2001.the culmination, he says of 6 decades of US […]
12. Islamic and Traditional Finance in Malaysia
    Objective: parallel operation of the Malaysian Islamic financial system and Malaysia’s conventional financial system. Relevant institutions: International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance and Islamic Banking and Finance Institute of Malaysia.
13. Murabahah, an Islamic Financing Product
    Normally it involves a transaction which the seller identifies the cost of the product to be sold and therefore the seller agrees to sell to another person where the seller in this case adds up […]
14. Islam and Judaism in Quran Sura 5 “The Table”
    It allows comparing and contrasting Islam and old Jewish traditions.”The Table” provides the reader with a detailed description of the two religions and highlights the major differences between them in different periods of their existence.
15. Women in Islam: Some Rights, No Equality
    Notwithstanding the principles of equality of men and women in Islamic tradition, women’s low status should be attributed not to the ideals set in the Quran but to the cultural norms of the patriarchal society.
16. The Essence of the Islamic Banking System
    Riba of the Quran is called Riba An-Nasiyah and riba of the of Sunnah is called Riba Al Fadl. In the context of Islamic banking system, gharar is excessive uncertainty.
17. Income State of Islamic Banks
    The increased globalization lead to the need for studying the financial statement of the Islamic banks and especially the income statement of the Islamic banks which determine the profit to be shared by the investors.
18. Researching Islamic Bond (Sukuk)
    The key objective of this report is to describe the history of the Islamic capital market and this report focuses on the history of the Sukuk market, general principles of Sukuk, Secondary Market of Sukuk, […]
19. The Islamic Mutual Funds
    It is a requirement that a minimum of 1000 Euros is maintained otherwise the fund manager has the authority to redeem the investors units on the next subscription day.
20. The Islamic Capital Marketing
    Islamic capital marketing is one of the key players in the growth of Islamic financial institutions in the Muslim world. The origin of the Islamic capital market dates back in the 1970s and 1980s when […]
21. Islamic Law and Financial Services
    The roots of Islamic banking and finance are based on religion of Islam and include three elements: akhlaq, aqidah and sharia.
22. The Contemporary Islamic Finance
    One is abiding by the Islamic laws, also called sharia and the second principle is prohibition of giving and receiving of interest, also called riba.
23. Islamic Banking in Dubai and the UAE
    In an Islamic environment, the approach to financial operations such as the law of contracts, nature of property, interest rates and business transactions is quite different from the rest of the world.
24. Project Finance From the Islamic Perspective
    The most frequently used descriptions of project financing lay emphasis on the performance capacity in an economic unit or project, the needs and choices of the debt contributors in funding the building and running of […]
25. The Principles of Functioning of Islamic Financial Institutions
    The Islamic financial service in the GCC utilizes the facilities of Islamic financial institutions to fund international trade through various ways as indicated below.
26. Islamic Instruments for Managing Liquidity
    The research aim is as follows Research Aim: To find out existing Islamic instruments for managing liquidity This paper is an integrative review of past research studies about Islamic instruments for liquidity management.”Liquidity management” and […]
27. Financial Risk Management in Islamic Banking
    Ahmed defined Islamic financial as a system of finance based on principles of Islamic banking, and that operates under the ethics of Islamic teaching.
28. Islamic Branding and Reputation Management
    However, the status of Islamic branding does not emerge from the interest and demand for Islamic commercial services; it stems from the weaknesses and gaps of conventional branding methods and their failure to appeal to […]
29. Islamic Finance and Banking. Basic Islamic Principles
    The Islamic banks approach to lending is very unconventional in that the bank does not give out the loan to a borrower per se, but instead acquires the asset on behalf of the borrower who […]
30. Time Value of Money From an Islamic Perspective
    Islamic scholars say that the time value of money and the interest rates imposed on money lent are the reasons why the poor keep on getting poor and the rich richer.
31. How Decency, Morality and Fairness Have Been Reflected in Islamic Commercial Transactions
    Business ethics is a field of study that analyzes all the moral and ethical principles that govern the conduct of all the involved parties in commercial relations.
32. Derivatives in Islamic Finance
    The developing derivatives are playing an important role in the emerging market, which needs the presence of financial instruments to control the risks of market, interest rates and credits especially in small local capital markets.
33. Land Ownership and Development of Islamic Property Law
    The rights to property and land in the Muslim world are affected not only by internal structure of the society but also by external forces which take the form of human rights organizations and development […]
34. Islamic and Finance Derivatives Distinction
    Another distinct difference between Bai Salam and forward derivatives is that under Bai Salam, there is a fixed time and place of delivery as a provision of the derivative while in contemporary financial derivatives, this […]
35. Comparative Study of Conventional and Islamic Bank Performance in the GCC
    Segregated by bank group and criterion variable, the correlation-based shortlist of independent variables are as shown in tables 1 to 3 below and overleaf.
36. Information and Communication Technology & Economic Freedom in Islamic Middle Eastern Countries
    This is a unique article as it gives importance to the role ecommerce plays in the life of the educationists and students and urges that the administrators are given training to handle their students in […]
37. Islamic Law: E-Sale Contracts
    The Qur’an is considered to be the most revered of books in Islam and is frequently regarded as the Holy Book.
38. Comparative Performance of Islamic Versus Non-Islamic Mutual Funds
    Even though there has been ever-increasing awareness of practitioners in relation to Islamic mutual funds, no extensive research has been done about the performance of these Islamic mutual funds and how they perform in contrast […]
39. Islam and Islamic Extremism
    Islamic extremism represents a minority of Muslims who have used a perverted or manipulated version of the religion’s beliefs as both the basis and justification for nefarious socio-political activities including violence, terrorism, waging war, and […]
40. Terrorism Nowadays: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
    The cases of terrorism and the transformation of the international situation over the past 20 years make people realize the global nature of the current events.

🔎 Most Interesting Islamic Topics to Write about

1. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Other Extremist Organizations
2. Reaction Report About Islamic Civilization
3. Opposing Islam and Modernity From a Sociological Perspective
4. The Islamic Religion in the United States
5. “Being Muslim: A Cultural History of Women of Color in American Islam” by Sylvia Chan -Malik
6. Representing Islam and Muslims in Islamic Art Exhibitions
7. Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Islam
8. Soul Concept in Islam and Buddhism
9. Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility
10. Islamic Law Reflection Overview
11. Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism in America: A Country of Many Religions
12. Islam, Modernity, and the West: “Clash of Civilizations” by Huntington
13. Polygamy in Islam: Marriage Issues
14. Researching Islam in Arabia in “The Setting in Arabia”
15. Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Militia Movement
16. Mistreatment of Women in Islam Religion
17. Perception of Islam by Americans
18. The Role of Islamic Rhetoric in the Afghanistan-Soviet War of 1979 – 1989
19. Women and Gender in Islam by Leila Ahmed
20. Religious Studies and Theology: Al-Hajj in Islam
21. The Rise of Islam: Umayyad and Abbasid Empires
22. Spreading the Message of Islam Beyond Arabia: The Goal of the Prophet Muhammad
23. Free Will and Choice in Islamic Psychology
24. Islamic Art: Ceramics Involved in Islamic Architecture
25. Islamic Religion and Attitude of Kuwaitis Towards English Language
26. The Islamic World Between 1300 and 1800 A.D
27. Importance of Fatwa in Islamic Jurisprudence
28. The Islamic Movement in Different Regions
29. Perso-Islamic Theory of Kingship
30. Shirin Ebadi’s Perspective on Women’s Human Rights Activism and Islam
31. “Islamic Political Identity in Turkey” by Hakan Yavuz
32. Islam Expansion With the Intrusion of European Powers Impact on the History of the Indian Ocean
33. Religion: Hajj, an Islamic Pilgrimage to Mecca
34. Judaism, Christianity and Islam as a Single System
35. The Chronicle of Islamic History: The Attack of Mongols on Islam and Muslim People
36. Islamic Faith and Ritual Practice
37. The Nature and Essence of Islam
38. Political Islam in the Middle East
39. The Islamic Hijab and International Marketing
40. Umayyad Dynasty and Islamic Expansion
41. Islam Origin and Expansion
42. Modernism and Islam, the Connection Between Them
43. Abortion in Islamic View
44. Palestinian Islamic Jihad: Radical Terrorism
45. Islamophobia: Bias to Muslims and War After the 9-11 Incident
46. World Religions: Judaism, Shintoism, and Islam
47. Islamic Thought: Women in Islamic Perspective
48. Islam: a Restatement of Israeli Faith
49. Analysis of Religious Prayer Service: Islam
50. Islam Religious Tradition Analysis
51. Christianity and the Worldview on Islam
52. Just War in Islam and Western World
53. Sufism and Philosophy in Islam
54. Three Texts on Islam
55. Comparison of Jihad in Classic Islam and Theory of Just War in Christianity
56. Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group and Homeland Security Policy
57. Gender Jihad: A Struggle Against the Exploitation of Islamic Women
58. Technology in Ancient and Medieval Islamic Cities
59. History: Islamic and Chinese Civilisation
60. Islam: Connection of Belief With a Traditional Life
61. Cultural Anthropology. Islam: Origin and Beliefs
62. Shiite and Sunni Teaching of Islam
63. Islam as a Role in the American and Indonesian Politics
64. Muslim Response to Islamophobia and Negative Stereotypes Associated With the Religion
65. Gilded Flask: Artwork from Ancient Islamic World
66. Islam Through the Prism of Anthropology
67. Islamophobia: Racialization and the Case of Poland
68. Islamic Anthropology and Theoretical Frameworks
69. Justice in Islamic and Western Societies
70. Islam Empire of Faith – The Awakening Documentary
71. Prohibitions in Islam and Its Historical Reasons
72. Islam and Muslims as Portrayed in Media: Significant Role in the Portrayal of Islam on Muslim’s View of the Religion
73. Religions: Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam
74. Islamic Art: Design an Art Exhibition
75. Women in Islamic Somali Culture
76. Meaning and Architecture in Islam
77. Architecture: Islamic Institute of Orange County
78. Traditional Islamic Response to Modernism
79. Islamic Finance and Takaful Insurance
80. Dubai Islamic Bank’s Ratio Analysis for 2012-2017
81. Geometry of Islamic Art and Application on Architecture
82. Iraq Invasion as a Cause of Islamic State Creation
83. Islamic and Conventional Financial Institutions
84. Islam as One of the World’s Largest Religions
85. “Islam Through Western Eyes” Video by Lyons
86. Islamic Political Ideologies in Egypt and Algeria
87. Islamic Banks and Substitute for Derivatives
88. Islamic Scripts: Ilkhanid Period
89. Islamic World and Education in Golden Age
90. Moses Comparison in Christianity, Judaism and Islam
91. Educational Leadership: An Islamic Perspective
92. Commodity Pricing and Indexation in Islamic System
93. Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank and Economic Theory
94. Dubai Islamic Bank Operations Management
95. Islamic Banking: Sales and Lease-Centered Models
96. Islam and Islamic Nation-States
97. The Islam Nation Rise and Evolution
98. Islamophobia Effects on the Arab Nation
99. Interfaith Marriages in Islamic Views
100. Islam: The Qur’an and Its Significance to the Religion
101. Has Islamophobia Affected the Arab Nation?
102. The Rights of Enemies at War in Islam
103. Islamophobia Is on the Rise in Germany
104. Turkey-Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Oil Trade
105. Understanding Women’s Right in Islamic World
106. Dubai Islamic Bank from Global Business Perspective
107. Islamic Conquest of Africa, India, and Spain
108. Property Rights in English, Islamic, and Saudi Law
109. Islamic State of Iraq and Syria and Its Propaganda
110. Arab Scientific Contributions in Islamic Golden Age
111. Arbitration in Islamic Banking and Finance Dispute
112. Iranian Civilization, History and Islamic Rebirth
113. The Gulf Islam Investments Company
114. Modernity’ Influences on Islamic Architecture and Geometry
115. Gardens and Traditions in Islamic Countries
116. Elderly Health Care and Patient Autonomy in Islam
117. Healthcare for Elderly People in Islamic Countries
118. Islamic State Global Terror Threat Countermeasures
119. Islam History: 7th and 8th Centuries
120. Misconceptions about Islamic Religion
121. Islamic Securities: Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
122. Globalization and Islamic Societies
123. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: Causes of Rise
124. Islamic Art in Africa
125. Can Sufism Be Considered the ‘Heart of Islam’?
126. Islamic State of Iraq and Syria: Countermeasures
127. The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
128. Islamic City Concept and Architectural Style
129. Islamic Law and Shariah: Leadership & Management
130. Islamic Banking Principles and Relevance
131. The Five Pillars of Islam Religion
132. Islamic Banking: Tools and Techniques
133. Islamic Movement in Jordan
134. Technology in the Islamic Golden Age
135. Women in Early Islamic History: Asmaa Bint Abu Bakr
136. Al-Qaeda Insurgent Group in the Islamic Maghreb
137. The Media and Its Representation of Islam and Muslim Women
138. Islamic Art: The Pilgrim Bottle and Nasrid Plasterwork
139. The Future of Islam: Evolution and Changes

📑 Good Research Topics about Islam

1. Asian Religions in Practice: Buddhism, Islam and Sikhism
2. Conformity: Western Culture vs. Islamic Culture
3. Strategic Management: Islamic Perspective Benefits
4. Strategic Management from an Islamic Perspective
5. Secularism, Pluralism and Modernity in Islam
6. Islamic Banking and Financial Markets Critical Issues
7. Christianity and Islam Values
8. Medieval China and Europe and Spread of Islam
9. The Financial Statements of Abu Dhabi Islamic and Commercial Bank
10. Radical Islam’ Threats – Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda
11. Slavery in Islamic Civilisation
12. Religious Comparisons: Judaism, Christianity and Islam
13. Shia Islam – Religious Studies
14. The Figure of Jesus in Islam
15. Women Roles in Mormonism, Wicca and Islam
16. “In the Footsteps of the Prophet” and “The Truth about Muhammad”
17. Poorer Social Classes in Hindu and Islamic Religions
18. Modernity, Islam, and Secularism in Turkey
19. Global Islamic Marketing System Plan
20. Comparison of Christianity and Islam
21. Jihad Role in Islam Religion
22. Christianity and Islam: Service to God and Afterlife
23. Terrorism: The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
24. World Religions: Islam and Baha’i
25. Polygamy Concept in Islam
26. Global Islamic Marketing Principles
27. Islamic Faith: Teachings and Practices
28. Women Status in Hinduism and Islam
29. Religious Studies: The Rahman Discussion and His Faith in Islam
30. Water Symbolism in Christianity and Islam
31. Government: Islam as a Source of Legitimacy
32. Muslims Increase and the Spread of Islam
33. Islamic Culture: Land Ownership in Pakistan
34. Islam and Land Ownership in Pakistan
35. Turkey: Synthesis between Islam and Secularism
36. Comparison between the Western Culture and Islam with regards to Work and Labor
37. An Introduction to Islam. Sunnis
38. Impartiality: Richard Bulliet’s Islam and the West in the Case of Islamo-Christian Civilization
39. Arguing the Just War in Islam
40. The Nationalism and Islam in the Middle East Region
41. Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
42. Islam and Democracy in Egypt
43. Mass Media Role in Distorting the Image of Islam
44. Spread of Islam in Europe in the Last Century
45. The role of Islam in Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy
46. Comparison Between Islamic and Conventional Banks
47. Islamic Concepts of Humiliation
48. Place of Ramadan in Islamic Traditions
49. The Inclusion of Islam, Christianity and Judaism in Politics
50. Integrating Islamic Ornaments by Building Inspired With Decorative Art of Europe for Production of Clothing?
51. Historical expansion of Islam
52. Future of Islamic Finance
53. Religious Extremism and Islam
54. Islamic Indexing and Index Related Investments
55. World Regional Geography: “Arab World” and “Islamic World”
56. Islam as Most Feared and Controversial Religion
57. Significance of Ramadan in Islam Religion
58. Muslim Perceptions on Islam: How Teachings of Islam Are Interpreted and Perceived by Different Muslims From Different Countries
59. Women in Islam: Liberation of Women in the Middle East
60. The Glories of Islamic Art Series
61. Is the Islamic Republic of Iran a Theocracy?
62. The State of Religion in Pre-islamic Arabia
63. Stereotypes of Islam and Muslims in the West
64. Islam: Religious Tradition and Politics
65. Islamic History About Sunni and Shia Muslims
66. Islam and Science in Islam, Fatalism, and Medical Intervention
67. Theology, Philosophy and Science in Islamic Civilization
68. The Relationship Between Democracy and Islam in Indonesia
69. Rise of Islam and Social Conflict in Mecca
70. Importance of Ritual in Confucianism and in Islam
71. Islamic Revolution and American Invasions
72. Reflection: The Concept of the “Islamic State”
73. Islam in France: Burqa Controversy
74. Islam Relationships With the West
75. Faith and the Future: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
76. Islam Teachings Interpretation in Muslim Countries
77. The Battle of Tropical Islam: struggle for an Islamic Identity in Indonesia
78. International Faux Pas in Islamic and Other Cultures
79. Islamic Scholars: Hassan-Al–Banna and Yusuf-Al–Qaradawi
80. Contemplating Islam in the 7th Century
81. Professor’s Ahmed’s: Journey into America: The Challenge of Islam
82. Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Perspectives on God
83. Muhammad Rashid Rida, a Prominent Islamic Theologian
84. Islam, Democracy and the West Summary
85. Cultural Conflict Between Christian Western Countries and Islamic Countries of the East
86. Islam, Modernity, and Justice for Women
87. The Islamic Societies History
88. The Judeo-Christian and Islamic Religions
89. Radical Islam vs. Classical Islam
90. Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam
91. Mohammad Abdu and His Contributions in Islam
92. Business Culture and Muslim Financial Institutions
93. Ghazali on the Principles of Islamic Spirituality
94. Islamic Thinkers on Revolution
95. Gender and Religion: Women and Islam
96. Critical Analysis: Islamic Moral in Novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan by Ibn Tufail
97. Arabic poems relating to Islam
98. The Plight of Muslim Women in Islamic Societies
99. Islam: History, Beliefs, and Practices
100. Honor Killing in Islam
101. Islam and Its Influence on Political and Social Situations
102. Abrahamic Religions: Islam and Judaism
103. Rights of Non-Muslims in Islamic Political System
104. Analyzing the Role of Virgin Mary in Empowering Women in Christianity and Islam
105. Anti-Islamic Religious Discrimination in the Workplace
106. Logic in Islam and Number of Islamic Theologians
107. Core Beliefs and Practices of Islam
108. History of Islam in China
109. Middle East’s Islamic Ideologies
110. The History and Culture of Islam & the Arabs and Their Contributions to Global Civilization and the Advancement of Human Society
111. Islamic Living: Effective Cross-Cultural Communication
112. Islam and focus on Women
113. The Definition of Radical Islam
114. The Veil and Muslim: How the Veil Became the Symbol of Muslim Civilization and What the Veil Meant to Islamic Reformists
115. The Fight Against Terrorism by Christian and Islam Leaders
116. Byzantine and Islamic Сivilizations
117. History of the Islamic Civilization
118. Islam as a Complex and Dynamic Religion: Shia and Sunni Muslims
119. Daily life in the medieval Islamic world
120. Islam Religious Institution in New York
121. Rise of Christianity in Europe and Islam in the Middle East

❓ Essay Questions about Islam

1. How 11 September Changed Americans’ Views on Islam and Muslims?
2. What Is the Relationship Between Islam and Religious Education in Turkey?
3. Does Islam Deter Crime in a Secular Islamic Country?
4. How Christianity and Islam Share Many of the Same Values?
5. What Are the Fundamental Beliefs of Islam?
6. Sufism: How Did Sufism Affect Islam and the World?
7. Can Democracy and Islam Go Together?
8. What Are the Rituals and Beliefs of Islam?
9. What Are the Common Doctrines and Beliefs Between Christianity and Islam?
10. Does Islam Promote Terrorism?
11. What Does Indeed Unity Mean in Islam?
12. What Is the Difference Between Islam and Catholicism?
13. What Is the Historical Relationship Between Spain and Islam?
14. Does Islam Cause Violence in the Middle East?
15. Was Islam the Motivation for Ottoman Empire Expansion?
16. Why Did Islam Spread So Quickly?
17. What Are the Main Similarities and Differences Between Islam and Buddhism?
18. What Are the Similarities and Differences Between Christianity, Islam, and Judaism?
19. Does Violence Stem From Islam?
20. Does the Media Correctly Portray Islam?
21. What Are the Main Misconceptions About Islam?
22. How Islam Survives Within Liberalism?
23. Are Islam and Democratization Compatible?
24. Why Has Islam Become So Popular Among Arabs?
25. Are Islam and Democracy Compatible?
26. Did Islam Spread Throughout Africa With the Use of Force?
27. Has Political Islam Failed In Algeria?
28. What Does Islam Say About Terrorism?
29. Does Islam Need Reformation or Do Islamic Societies Need?
30. How Did Islam Spread Following the Death of Muhammad?