Philosophers Essay Examples and Topics. Page 2

260 samples

Researching Socrates and His Ideas

The philosopher greatly argued for self-awareness and knowing oneself, and in the process of self-knowledge, discovering the true nature of who one is and one's identity, "once we know ourselves, we may learn how to [...]
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How Plato and Epicurus Viewed Help for People

In the Republic, Plato gives a detailed analysis of the "good" while Epicurus describes the notion of "good life" in his Letter to Monoeceus. The conversations between Glaucon and Socrates help the reader equate and [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1175

Aristotle’s Philosophy and Views on Ethics

In contrast, Aristotle believed that the purpose of ethics lies beyond the knowledge of what is good or evil, but rather focuses on the application and practice of the theory.
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  • Words: 597

Carl Hempel and Positivism

Hempel was regarded as the master of philosophical methodologies and he aimed at pursuing clarifications on the concepts that were primarily ambiguous and vague.
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 3016

John Dewey: Philosophical Ideas of the Twentieth Century

According to Dewey, art is "the greatest intellectual achievement in the history of humanity," while "aesthetics is central to philosophy's proper mission: to render everyday experience more fulfilling and meaningful".
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  • Words: 325

David Hume: Works and Concepts

According to my experience, it is indeed possible to develop a good sense of both taste and beauty, and background and practice play a significant role in this development.
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  • Words: 339

Reading Response: Arthur Danto

In his severe 1964 work titled "The Artworld," Danto explores the role of art experts and theory. Second, it is the art theory that makes the Artworld possible in the first place.
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  • Words: 327

Philosophy of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Logic as understood by Socrates was to some extent influenced by the Pythagoreans since he practiced the dialectic methods in investigating the objectivity and authority of the different propositions.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 650

Socrates and His Lessons in Philosophy

One of the great disciples of Socrates, in Athens was Plato, he articulates the Athenian jury system and reveals the inadequacy of the arbitration.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 542

The Philosophy by Immanuel Kant

The great philosopher of his time Immanuel Kant still has an influence in the world philosophical thought and his works are still valid, in spite of the fact that he lived and wrote in the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1094

Epictetus’ Ideas in Philosophy

It can be concluded that difficult life situations have contributed to the development of Epictetus' view of the world and motivated them to share his knowledge with people.
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1005

Machiavelli: Paragon of Treachery or Dishonesty

This is one of the factors that should not be overlooked since they are important for explaining how the image of this philosopher was constructed by various authors representing the Elizabethan era.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 802

Karl Marx: Philosophical Views

However, in the article, the narrator points out how Karl Marx contributed positively to the society, based on the belief that he concerned about the involvement of both the social and the economic factors in [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 593

Classics of Western Philosophy

The exact statement of the accusation is: "Socrates is guilty of corrupting the young and of not believing in the gods in whom the city believes, but in other new divinities".
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1365

Plato’s “Method of Division”

According to Plato, rhetoric is an art of philosophy that helps in controlling the minds of the crowd or any kind of meeting such as congregation.
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  • Words: 839

Plato’s Apology: Is Socrates Guilty?

The accusations placed against Socrates include: Studying the activities in the heavens and below the earth. Predicting the things in the heavens and below the earth associates him with the physicists such as Thales and [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 595

Kant’s Philosophy: The Foundations and the Impact

Despite the fact that Kant was not the first of his contemporaries to declare the difference between the real world and the individual's perception of it, he was the first to successfully dwell upon the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1138

John Locke’s Philosophy: Main Aspects

This was an indication that the government was the determiner of a man's right to life. He was clear that naturally man had the right to life, property, good health and knowledge.
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2053

Was Seneca a Tyrant-Trainer?

When upbringing Nero, Seneca from the point of view of the time solves a problem which was in the centre of attention of the Roman thinkers since Cicero in the new way a problem of [...]
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1408

The Philosophers Bergson and Aristophanes

It is possible to sum up that what interested the philosopher most of all were two things: the first one was finding the core of different matters, and the second thing was to learn the [...]
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1793

Politics and Ethics in Plato’s Republic

After the Peloponnesian war, he was convinced by his uncle to join the oligarchical rules of Athens but as an alternative, he joined his two brothers in becoming a student of Socrates.
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  • Words: 1288

Plato, Aristotle and Socrates: Knowledge and Government

It appears that Socrates believed in an intellectual aristocracy, where those who had more education and had proven themselves in sophistry the "Socratic method" of exchange and analysis of ideas as a path to all [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 264

Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Robert Owen: Time Travel

Smith, a pioneer of political economy, would be interested in analyzing the current economic situation in the country and, perhaps, even suggest ways for the country to overcome the economic crisis.
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  • Words: 1129

Comparing Kant and Kierkegaard

Kierkegaard uses the example of the New Testament story of Christ's raising of Lazarus from the dead to argue that while the human body dies, the spirit lives on and thus it is not fear [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 863

The Enlightenment Era: David Hume and Immanuel Kant

The rapid progress of humanities in that period was close-knit with economic and technological developments across the whole Europe and North America, in particular, the invention of the internal combustion engine, formation of the new [...]
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  • Words: 798

Adam Smith: The Noted Economist

Eventually becoming a noted lecturer and author, his most notable works include 1959's The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry Into The Wealth and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which he wrote in [...]
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  • Words: 521

George Hegel: The Philosophy of Idealism

It is impossible to treat the world and human beings' activities and way of life on the basis of abstract notions and thoughts, as it was underlined in Hegel's philosophy.
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  • Words: 773

Humanistic Tradition. Modernism of Friedrich Nietzsche

It can be assumed that Nietzsche is praising the moral values provided by religion, whereas knowing the fact that he rejected the religion as an institution, it can be stated that Nietzsche points out to [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 839

Hawk by William Wallis: Critique and Analysis

In this novel, the hawk is a symbol of freedom, and the boy, the main character, Will Falke, who is watching the flight of the hawk is watching what this freedom is like and what [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 598

Al-Ghazali and Inability to Affirm the Creator

Although God can annihilate in the twinkling of an eye, those who do not die will know that God is the creator of the world who has brought it into existence from nonexistence because, since [...]
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1861

Conceptions of Descartes and Nietzsche Analysis

In many ways, the extreme rationalism of Descartes, its traditional alternative and empiricist aspects and the debate between them, constitute the part of the Enlightenment which had the greatest influence in the nineteenth century.
  • Pages: 6
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The Teachings of Plato Socrates and Machiavelli

In The Apology, Socrates stands before a jury of his peers accused of "committing an injustice, in that he inquires into things below the earth and in the sky, and makes the weaker argument the [...]
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Socrates Figure: Based on “The Apology” by Plato

This is evidenced within the text of the Apology as Socrates begins his defense of himself against the old enemies that have spoken falsely "telling of one Socrates, a wise man, who speculated about the [...]
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John Locke and His Epistemological View of Matter

It is very clear that John Locke's theory about material things understanding and perceiving them is an attempt to contribute to the advancement of epistemology. Locke was mistaken in assuming that there is nothing certain [...]
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 3195

David Hume’s Gnoseological Skepticism

One of the main criticisms of David Hume's gnoseological model has been traditionally reflective of the assumption that being strongly reductionist denies the possibility for people to be able to attain a complete understanding of [...]
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  • Words: 1405

Immanuel Kant’s Life and Philosophy

Immanuel Kant is considered the most influential philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment and one of the greatest Western thinkers of all times.
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  • Words: 1230

Socrates and His Methods

Inconsistencies in responses lead to a determination of truth of earlier statements; in short a question is broken down to a series of smaller questions in order to ultimately arrive at a more refined for [...]
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  • Words: 1204

Immanuel Kant’s Philosophy of Knowledge and Judgement

Kant's notion on the possibility of knowledge of an objective realm reducing to the possibility of a priori synthetic judgment is explained by his interest in necessary truth, the theory of a priori, and necessity.
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  • Words: 1863

Jurgen Habermas, the Frankfurt School Thinker

After scrutinizing the past of the public sphere, Herbamas establishes that there was no between the public and the private spheres, because of the class groupings by the feudal government. He views the liberal model [...]
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2038

Plato’s and Aristotle’s Philosophical Differences

According to Plato, the functioning of every human being is closely linked to the entire society. Therefore, the major difference here is that for Plato, the function of every individual is to improve the entire [...]
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  • Words: 164

Rene Descartes’ Ontological Reasoning

One of the branches of his ontological thought was the discussion of the existence of God. The purpose of this paper is review and analyze the arguments Rene Descartes provided to evidence the existence of [...]
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Socrates as a Founder of Western Philosophy

The jurors argued that Socrates' ideas and teachings corrupted the minds of young people. Some scholars believe that Socrates' views and beliefs could have influenced the later works of Plato, particularly in literary writings.
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Socrates and His Representations

This is of particular concern to the interpretation of Socrates's political and philosophical visions. In particular, the source introduces a multifaceted analysis of Socrates' personality and his philosophical outlook on life.
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  • Words: 554

Confucius Philosophy: His Life and Though

Tian is one of the most important concepts in his teachings, and it symbolizes heaven. This story is about a disciple of Confucius asking Daoists for help that was later reported to the teacher.
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Athens Put Socrates and Philosophy on Trial

As he tried to enlighten the people, Athenians leaders observed that Socrates was spoiling the minds of the youths, and thus guilty of using his philosophies inappropriately.
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Critique of Thomas Hobbes’ Views on Monarchy

According to him, man is naturally violent, and thus, there is a need for the establishment of an authoritative government in the form of a monarchy to check and contain the violent nature of man.
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Khun’s Contributions to the Philosophy of Science

Khun introduced the concept of "paradigm shift" in mainstream science by suggesting that scientific models undergo paradigm shifts and therefore, the notion that scientific models develop in a linear manner is untrue. After weighing the [...]
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Socrates by Aristophanes and Plato

In "The Apology" by Plato, the characterization of Socrates is tied to the fact that the setting of the book was Socrates' execution.
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Socrates on Teaching and Learning

Plato believed that presenting the teachings in the form of dialogues was the best way of documenting the teachings of Socrates for the benefit of the future generations.
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Socrates on Death and Virtue

This is the purification that comes from the separation of the soul and body. The hindrance to the realization of the true virtue is corrupted by the body and its elements.
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Aesthetic Life in “Either/Or” by Søren Kierkegaard

Instead he or she is more interested in seeing the logical inconsistencies of life and the paradoxes of people's behavior. On the whole, one should not assume that S ren Kierkegaard is altogether critical of [...]
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  • Words: 556

Hobbes’ School of Thought

Hobbes' school of thought believes that the political authority is sovereign to the populations, thus should remain obedient and fearful to the authority in order to enjoy the services of the ruling class.
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  • Words: 2762

Confucianism Ideology and Its Usefulness

The thesis statement of the discussion is that Confucianism is useful in cultivating and instilling good morals in individuals and in so doing contributes to harmonious co-existence of people in society.
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  • Words: 1763

Bernard Russell’s Philosophical Legacy

The Russell's solution to this is as follows: inconsistencies within the amolecular' descriptions, to which we resort, while trying to ensure the spatial integrity of our perceptions of the universe, can be eliminated by the [...]
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Critique on Hume’s tenets

According to Hume, philosophers should use a similar example such as that of the workman to derive qualities of the Supreme Being. Hume disagrees with justice that is ascribed to the action of the gods.
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Karl Marx’s Life and Philosophical Ideas

Karl Marx expressed his sentiments on alienation and pain in the lower class workers imprisonment by the private individuals who have the resources to manipulate and twist social, development, and welfare aspects of the masses [...]
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  • Words: 1094

Objection to Feldman’s Attitudinal Hedonism

In this defense Feldman uses another source of intrinsic value that shows that the deceived businessman lives a life of less value and this other source of intrinsic value is truth.
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Female Philosophers Stands

However, the university did not award her the degree because it was against the academic policy of the institution to award a degree to a woman.
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Japanese Confucianism View Point

The writer illustrates that the Japanese views asserted that Confucianism was a social system which influenced morality in the society. The Confucianism view on education was that it was an essential aspect of human life [...]
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  • Words: 1067

Socrates: Moral Obligation to Civil Law

During the course of this conversation, Socrates was able to prove to Protagoras that the notion of one's moral obligation to a civil law is indeed fully objective.
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  • Words: 1932

Sartre on Human Condition

The theological claim that the nature and purpose of humanity precedes the human creation and existence forms the basis of Sartre's description of the human condition.
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Sixth Meditation, Rene Descares

In his first meditation, he claims that the realities in both dreaming and waking up are so similar, because most of the things and happenings in dreams were usually similar to those that happen when [...]
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  • Words: 605

We Still Have a Lot to Learn from Marx

However, what Hitchens misses from Das Kapital is Marx's vital clarification of the social role of money and capital."The value of commodities more and more expands into an embodiment of human labour in the abstract...one [...]
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Marx and the Young Hegelians

Many of the writings of the Young Hegelians focused on the refutation of religion and need to replace religion with philosophy as the moral criterion for the society and means for understanding history.
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  • Words: 1951

Rene Girard’s Social Theories

Starting from the unjust slaying of Abel and the persecution of Jesus, the Bible illustrates the blamelessness of the victim. Girard perceives aggression to be a section of the challenges of aggression and not as [...]
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3289

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Analysis

Gandhi did not believe that an action is right if it promotes greatest good for the greatest number of people; far from it, he believed in moral actions that lead to the greatest good for [...]
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Hegel’s Ideas on Action, Morality, Ethics and Freedom

Nonetheless, the duties and the very morality developed in one society can significantly differ from the norms accepted in another society, so it is impossible to state that ethical norms of a society correspond to [...]
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  • Words: 551

Hume’s View of Miracles

In order to understand Hume's critique of the belief in miracles, it is crucial to begin by defining what a miracle means.
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David Hume’s Reflection on Religion

The principle of inferring the existence and nature of God from the cosmic design is uncertain because the design of the universe is beyond human experience, and is useless because no one can revert and [...]
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  • Words: 1404