Philosophical Theories Essay Examples and Topics. Page 2

Crito insists that a person must listen to the opinion of the majority, and Socrates argues that it is impossible to pay attention to the opinions of all the people because it is important to [...]

It is the responsibility of people to make the society what they want it to be. It is the moral obligation of members of society to respect the institutions that are in place.

And as lying is a form of communication, and people know this fact, the only way out in order not to be defrauded is stop communicating.

In philosophical terms, the concept of matter advances the fact that all things are made up of matter and all thoughts are created as a result of the interaction of matter.

The test for universal acceptance involve: determining the agent's maxim; imagining that everyone in the same position as the real-world agent observed that maxim; deciding if there is any contradictions generated from the maxim; if [...]

Though called 'apology' by Plato, the speech is not actually an apology- Socrates was attempting use his wisdom to justify his teachings and beliefs, and not to apologize for his actions.[2] First, his concise and [...]

The main aim of the paper is to compare and contrast the principles set forth by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke with regards to the fundamental purpose of political society and the state of nature.

Rawls asserts that for equality to take place, the activities have to better lives of people who are worse off in terms of improvement of living standards and empowerment of disadvantaged members to levels which [...]

To downplay the importance of sense experience, Plato and Descartes show that sense experience can never be a cause of experience since the objects captured through it are vulnerable to change.

The concept of equality is significant in the discussion of liberty, property, and the role of government in the lives of people.

Kant's moral philosophy holds that the final result of an action has no value; the value of an action lies on the motivation behind it.

In the realm of political thought, there exists a troubling paradox: how is it that the political elite can continue to lie to the populace with impunity, particularly when the populace is well aware of [...]

By comparing and contrasting Descartes' view with David Parfit's and Gilbert Ryle's objections, the essay will argue that Descartes' knowledge of being a thinking thing is limited and that his approach to knowledge acquisition is [...]

This examines the foundation of the position, his understanding of the nature of thought and the body, the essential certainty, and its conception.

In the context of Descartes' explanation, this argument points solely to the self-discovery of an object in the process of any act of consciousness. Beyond this, Descartes believes in the existence of God, who created [...]

The theory of rational egoism developed by Ayn Rand seems an optimal approach to the resolution of personal and societal issues from the moral perspective despite the presence of contradicting opinions in this regard.

The main problem that makes the difference between nominalism and realism is the question of the existence of properties beyond objects.

Then Moore identifies how the human/nature binary, inherent to the approach, has separated humanity from the web of life and become integral to the current public conversations about the environment. In conclusion, the essay re-contextualizes [...]

Various social scientists and religious scholars have given different interpretations for the emergence of the universe and the forms of life in it.

Or to put it the other way around: For the moneymaking, auxiliary, and guardian classes each to do its own work in the city is the opposite.

The framers had in mind the preservation of the public good, and not the promotion of private interest. The notation that the motivation to maintain a position of power can be destructive was addressed by [...]

In this theory, Aristotle refers to a good life as being a happy life. Aristotle says that good life, since it is a final end, is explained in terms of human functions.

It should be noted that unlike other reactions to these changes Adorno and Benjamin's stances have critical potential as both these authors can be placed within the Left tradition of philosophical thought.

The ideas of leadership and the responsibilities of those who decide to assume such roles have come to the attention of people many centuries ago.

The philosopher says that every action having place under the influence of the external force is not a free will, which comes from the inner desire and motivation of an individual. Moreover, the movie is [...]

Although Camus and Nagel agree that absurdity plays the great role in the human life, the thinkers' views are rather contradictory, and Nagel's argument seems to be more convincing because the author focuses on the [...]

In summary, Descartes implies that since we do have an idea of a being that is all powerful and perfect, and since we can distinctly and clearly assign the attribute of necessarily existence to this [...]

Generally, Aristotle's philosophy differs with that of Plato because the latter's is too shallow to establish definitions or sensibly create standards.

The behavior of Meursault proves he was an outsider to his own family since he never wanted to be involved in anything.

The Sumerians inspired the Hindus to write the Ramayana and Mahabharata poetic stories on the power of the gods and the ideals on how people should live.

Hume disqualifies the existence of miracles, as the Christian religion is weaker and more insubstantial as compared to the evidence that comes with one's experience.

An example, of a group of people who have not mastered the concept of Li, may be judges who make their decisions based on their understanding of the law and not the prevailing special circumstances [...]

Heidegger concludes that authenticity is temporary as opposed to inauthenticity because we are born with the former and achieves the later after some time Nietzsche on his view argues that authenticity is the elementary mode [...]

The theory is the opposite of utilitarianism in the sense that it considers both the means and the end, as opposed to utilitarianism which focuses only on the end.

It is inconceivable that pastors preach the word of God with respect to the life of Jesus Christ. It is imperative to reduce the rate of death and crying mouths in the world.

Epicureanism constitutes an interdependent system that harbours the following views: the main purpose of human life as being the achievement of happiness as a result of absence of physical "pain and mental disturbance"; empirical approach [...]

In Kant's own words, "Autonomy of the will is the property that the will has of being a law to itself.[Morality] is the relation of actions to the autonomy of the will [...].

Locke believes that the world is physical and thus in his account of solving the mind body problem, he says that the mind and body are just one and the same thing and continues to [...]

It is a follow up of Plato's 'The Apology' and provides a description of the conversations between Socrates, and his disciples, Crito and the jailer.

Nor that there is, on the one hand, the field of things, of perfected technique, work, and the transformation of the real; on the other that of signs, communication, reciprocity, and the production of meaning; [...]

Conclusively, though Hume argues that miracles violate the law of nature, it is necessary to note that law of nature does not rule out miracles as he suggests.

The use of puppeteers by Plato inside the cave and things outside indicate that empirical discoveries never penetrate the ideal realm of truth thus calling for the need to move outside the cave.[2] The third [...]

The doctrine of stoicism is also prevalent in the book, a philosophy that he was deeply fascinated in and applied in his solving daily challenges in life.

For a person to be seen as just, he or she ought to be a good person and the crucial question here is to know what good is.

Occasionally, the carriers of the objects speak to one another, but their voices reach the prisoners in form of echoes from the wall ahead of them.

In summary, the main idea is that because human beings are part of the universe, their actions originate from events that happened before, which were caused by earlier events, and the list is endless.

The philosophy of Latin America was formed under the influence of European philosophy that had a great impact on the development of the New World.

He said that the fabric of the universe makes us susceptible to producing life, consciousness, and reason. The people who object to Nagel's arguments claim that the theorist makes a lot of assumptions.

The experiment that Renee and David were going to conduct is of great interest as the search for the soul has been the question that has occupied the minds of great thinkers since ancient times.

The straw man fallacy is a type of logical fallacy whereby one person misrepresents their opponent's question or argument to make it easier to respond.

Thus, the "thinking and acting self" represents the freedom of the members of the community to take action with respect to the principles of voluntarism and the authority, serving as "the source of obligation".

Considering the world as a continuously changing whole, as a process, Thales believes that it is due to different states of the same beginning, its "condensation" and "rarefaction" relative to some intermediate state.

In his philosophical dialogues, the thinker divides the divine, unchangeable world of forms and the world of material, physical objects that was constantly changing and existed only as a shadow of the ideas.

Hochschild argues that the management of emotions in exchange for a wage leads to the "transmutation" of private life into a social one.

What is right and what is wrong is not dependent on the object of interest or on the methods of justice, but in the eyes of the perceiver.

From the flow of the story, it is also possible that the young officer is the same boy that was flogged while in school.

They argued that human beings are actors in the world and hence are aware of what is in it unlike the trees and stones that just exist.

Metaphysics tried to explain the origin of things on something that is beyond our scope of reasoning when measured against our capacity to understand things with respect to our senses.

A Coherence Theory of justification is one that supports two central ideas that distinguish it from foundationalism: There are basic beliefs that serve as the basis for other beliefs, and

In his method of doubt, he says that the world could be unreal and that God is a deceiver. His mind-body dualism depends on believing that God is not a deceiver.

The most difficult thing is getting to know the truth, to know the truth it takes a lot and there is no prescribed procedure getting to know the same.

Dating back to a time that is almost difficult to imagine, the Tao-te-ching brings into the spotlight, the need for a seamless coexistence between spiritual progress on the one hand and the development of technological [...]

The discussion addresses the query of whether continental philosophy considers that sensible human agency has the potential to alter the setting of people's experience.

The consequentialist ethic of Mohism gave the definite characterization of what was considered to be the benefits as opposed to the harms. According to Mohism, without the institution of the government, there was no such [...]

For example, in the scenario where a large group of people takes an action that puts a smaller group at a disadvantage in order to address the needs of the larger group, the action in [...]

On the other hand, dualism denies physicalism, or that the physical facts of human bodies do not determine the composition of human beings.

In the entire essay, Hick attempts to justify the existence of sin in the world. From the reasoning of Hick, the relationship between God and human beings is compared to the relationship between a child [...]

He gives life to a new human being, body, and soul, which is the form of the body. If we believe in the soul's immortality, death will not seem such a great tragedy.

Confucius taught that the role of the elders is to teach the youth and the role of the youth is to learn from the elders.

Socrates' friends requested him to accept the charges, as they were willing to pay the expected fines, but he refused and insisted that he was ready to die for the sake of justice.

Overall, it is possible to argue that the philosophy of ancient Greece is mostly associated with the names of such prominent thinkers as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

Kelly explains that superstition entails objects that are deemed to result in good luck, deeds that tend to inspire good luck or bad luck and actions that can lead to unpleasant fortune.

The message the speaker was communicating to the audience struck me as familiar; I had a feeling that I had heard it from the same venue before.

The issue of space is more complex to determine than that of time. The issue of objective perception of time and space should be discouraged since it is likely to encourage diversity in perception and [...]

The book, Plato: The Collected Dialogues presents a comical and philosophical analysis of the concept of falling in love. This discussion describes the root of the crisis and its remedy with observance to the dialogue [...]

It will identify the philosophical implications that Plato, the character in the book, has on the problem of the planets and explain what the author, Tarnas, says about the problem of the planets.

In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, there is much darkness in the cave and only very little light can be found in this place and it is so hard for a person who is in [...]

The axial thinkers played a significant role in the determining of the nature of the philosophy of the post axial age.

Of course, the state should be governed by a group of people who are close to all other groups. Apart from acquiring certain facts and skills, young people should be taught the principles of morality.

The task of the social leaders is to orient to interests of the majority in order to avoid the opposition of the public which can lead to revealing the negative qualities of people living in [...]

The perceptions that influence the validity of the direct realism theory have a great impact on understanding the reality. Through the information that is relayed from the material object to the mind through sensory nerves, [...]

Regarding the Ship of Theseus, the ship changed a lot but it remained the same in terms of its properties. Equally, Y could be said to be the same as Z in terms of properties.

Furthermore, due to the different laws and cultures in our world, it would be seemingly impossible to uphold such a rule According to Pojman, "the idea of rewarding the good and punishing the bad is [...]

Although Leibniz tries to explain the essence of the ultimate reason for existence by the invocation of the presence of a metaphysical reason, he also continues to illustrate the mechanism that relates the metaphysical reason [...]

The reality of knowledge depends on its justifiability; that is, epistemology tends to question the truth behind human knowledge hence, through such understanding, individuals are able to form a basis of comprehending any piece of [...]

The mind is the sole guarantor of one's existence and thinking, whereas the body has no elements grounding it in fundamental truth.

Plato thought the world of appearances, which was less significant and real than the world of ideas, was reflected in art.

Therefore, I disagree with the statement that 'there is no such thing as good and evil.' There is a fundamental aspect of good and evil because they are universally recognized and practically useful, and evil [...]

The flaw in Rand's assertion resides in her assumption that all individuals possess a uniform understanding of what is necessary for their survival and the significance of values.

The principle of creating constancy of purpose in product and service improvement is the most important while putting everybody to work towards accomplishing transformation is the least important point.

In non-Christian philosophy of education, essentialism can be associated with the concept of "general education," while in Christian philosophy of education, essentialism can be associated with the concept of "Christian education," which aims to develop [...]

A material cause answers the question: "What does a thing consist of?" It is why a material will determine the properties of a thing and the ways of its application.

Acupuncture works by temporarily stimulating antagonistic nerve fibers, which close the gates of pain signals from being sent to the brain. In this situation, opioids close the gates of transmission of pain signals from the [...]

Personally, I like the literal reading of this question, according to which there was an egg first, and only then a chicken.

Thus, the proposal expects to identify that the beauty of poetry is an individualistic concept that depends on the judgment of taste.

Nativism states that starting points of development are those that cover all the basic knowledge needed to understand the world. Newcombe notes that it appeared in the 1990s and considers the postulates of nativism in [...]

The possible way to think about the relationships between consciousness and the physical world is by considering the understanding of the traditional relationship between nature and consciousness.

The Yin and Yang theory is a representation of the ancient Chinese understanding of the original cosmogenesis and a philosophical concept.

In response to the skeptics, it can be argued that although sources of knowledge may be fallible, they are still helpful and allow people to function in the world.

Accordingly, the horse is a kind of symbol of the victory of rationality and humanity over cruelty and belonging. Horse Blue is the personification of how people can make their belonging to the animal world [...]

Jean-Paul Sartre established the idea of existentialism in the nineteenth century, and it focused on the duties of the people's choices in the ecosphere that fell short of ethics.

This paper examines Rorty's argument that in accepting the material reality of the universe, we can also accept that the physical universe shapes our beliefs and interpretations, and that our understanding of the universe is [...]

I need to attend to my students; I can implement through action, and the mere thought of it calls for effort.

No consequence, according to Kant, can have intrinsic moral value; the only good that is good in and of itself is benevolence.

He uses the formula of the law of nature and the end in itself, to support the categorical imperative principle as the only command that dictates the universality of actions.

If happiness is "wholeness", then for a person to become happy, it is necessary to become "whole". Thus, all a person has to do to become whole is lower goods.

Firstly, Plato's theory of knowledge accepts the existence of beliefs and even connects them with knowledge, despite refusing to accept subjective knowledge as true knowledge.

Aristotle recognizes the value of the family as the foundation of society, but he does not sufficiently address the person's role and the inherent goodness of marriage and family.

Contrariwise, to comprehend the development of society, culture, and multiple products, one should acknowledge the formative role of religion as the precursor of any non-pragmatic intentions in the sphere of knowledge. The question of its [...]

Russell is right that the value of philosophy lies in its vagueness, and the importance lies in the questions, not the answers.

In conclusion, the allegory of the cave by Plato is a parable about knowledge, wisdom, and ignorance. The cave represents a world in which a person is placed initially, but by examining one's life and [...]

The summation of utility can be carried out at the level of an individual or at the level of groups of different sizes. God is the keystone in the building of the human mind, the [...]

This essay seeks to explain skepticism, exemplify its propositions regarding the unreliability of normal sources of knowledge, and address the theory's implications and possible responses to its proponents.

More specifically, the preferences in the art are inherently related to the profound experiences of a person or society, as pieces of art become the medium for the expression of various feelings, including pain.

Personally, I find Locke's view on the nature of humans to be more persuasive, as it accounts for the existence of the inalienable rights of each person.

In the piece under review, Putnam seeks to investigate the nature of pain, specifically, to identify whether it is a brain state or not.

The impact of Legalism united the country, contributed to the power of the Qin dynasty, and supported the reign of the first emperor.

In the context of a social contract, this violation of rights can be explained by the voluntary renunciation of them by people in the name of their own security.

Therefore, the "pessimistic" look at absurdity states that in the ratio of the Universe, human life is insufficient and absurd regardless of the scale or order of their actions.

If it is the reason, as Descartes and other rationalist philosophers would argue then how can one be sure that the idea of doubting and reasoning is not inspired by the Evil Demon either?