Philosophical Theories Essay Examples and Topics. Page 2
The inherent problem I have with Rorty in this article is the fact that the concept of a socially defined truth clashes with the changing nature of society and the potential for people to agree [...]
Mills' book explores the political philosophy of the social contract."The Racial contract" was published at the end of the twentieth century, and it investigates the issue of racial relations in the world over 500 years.
According to the extant literature, this is a response to the experience of the global water crisis. In this case, there is the tendency to exploit in the selling of water, and the positions are [...]
It is the responsibility of people to make the society what they want it to be. It is the moral obligation of members of society to respect the institutions that are in place.
Although Leibniz tries to explain the essence of the ultimate reason for existence by the invocation of the presence of a metaphysical reason, he also continues to illustrate the mechanism that relates the metaphysical reason [...]
One day, one of the prisoners was set free from the chains and made to turn and see the fire, as well as the puppets, which he compared with the shadows he had been seeing [...]
The word comes from the words, "deon" or "duty" therefore, the reasoning behind the word deontology is on the idea that as human beings, we have the duty to do certain things and avoid others.
Nativism states that starting points of development are those that cover all the basic knowledge needed to understand the world. Newcombe notes that it appeared in the 1990s and considers the postulates of nativism in [...]
The possible way to think about the relationships between consciousness and the physical world is by considering the understanding of the traditional relationship between nature and consciousness.
The Yin and Yang theory is a representation of the ancient Chinese understanding of the original cosmogenesis and a philosophical concept.
In response to the skeptics, it can be argued that although sources of knowledge may be fallible, they are still helpful and allow people to function in the world.
Accordingly, the horse is a kind of symbol of the victory of rationality and humanity over cruelty and belonging. Horse Blue is the personification of how people can make their belonging to the animal world [...]
Jean-Paul Sartre established the idea of existentialism in the nineteenth century, and it focused on the duties of the people's choices in the ecosphere that fell short of ethics.
The concept of social constructivism gives people the power to create and encourages them to create a positive world that they will exist in peace.
This paper examines Rorty's argument that in accepting the material reality of the universe, we can also accept that the physical universe shapes our beliefs and interpretations, and that our understanding of the universe is [...]
His speech has a somber tone and tells the fabled story of the beginning of love. Aristophanes creates the notion that the earliest humans were androgynous a combination of both male and female using his [...]
While the famous dilemma of the coexistence of God and evil represents a peculiar contradiction, it does not deny the existence of God; instead, it points to the inconsistency in the existing narrative and the [...]
I need to attend to my students; I can implement through action, and the mere thought of it calls for effort.
No consequence, according to Kant, can have intrinsic moral value; the only good that is good in and of itself is benevolence.
He uses the formula of the law of nature and the end in itself, to support the categorical imperative principle as the only command that dictates the universality of actions.
If happiness is "wholeness", then for a person to become happy, it is necessary to become "whole". Thus, all a person has to do to become whole is lower goods.
Firstly, Plato's theory of knowledge accepts the existence of beliefs and even connects them with knowledge, despite refusing to accept subjective knowledge as true knowledge.
Aristotle recognizes the value of the family as the foundation of society, but he does not sufficiently address the person's role and the inherent goodness of marriage and family.
He said that the fabric of the universe makes us susceptible to producing life, consciousness, and reason. The people who object to Nagel's arguments claim that the theorist makes a lot of assumptions.
Contrariwise, to comprehend the development of society, culture, and multiple products, one should acknowledge the formative role of religion as the precursor of any non-pragmatic intentions in the sphere of knowledge. The question of its [...]
The experiment that Renee and David were going to conduct is of great interest as the search for the soul has been the question that has occupied the minds of great thinkers since ancient times.
Hertzler bestows perfection on utopia, arguing that it is "purged of the shortcomings, the wastes, and the confusion". It is noteworthy that Sargent shares the opinion of Patrick and considers Hertzler not proper.
While on the surface, it may seem that they are mutually exclusive, it is possible to apply them to different situations based on the assessment of circumstances.
Russell is right that the value of philosophy lies in its vagueness, and the importance lies in the questions, not the answers.
Although the basis of the ideas of the four philosophers may be different regarding God, it is similar in terms of the creation of the world and, in my opinion, differs only in terminology and [...]
In conclusion, the allegory of the cave by Plato is a parable about knowledge, wisdom, and ignorance. The cave represents a world in which a person is placed initially, but by examining one's life and [...]
The summation of utility can be carried out at the level of an individual or at the level of groups of different sizes. God is the keystone in the building of the human mind, the [...]
More specifically, the preferences in the art are inherently related to the profound experiences of a person or society, as pieces of art become the medium for the expression of various feelings, including pain.
Personally, I find Locke's view on the nature of humans to be more persuasive, as it accounts for the existence of the inalienable rights of each person.
However, some people, such as Socrates, faced discrimination due to these thoughts, eliciting the truth behind Plato's Allegory of the Cave and illustrated in The Apology.
The Confucian gentleman is the one who lives by the highest moral standards and aims to help others achieve the realization of this goal.
Real justice, according to Nozick, consists in the appropriation of holdings or their original acquisition, their fair and consensual transfer and the protection of the right to their property.
In the piece under review, Putnam seeks to investigate the nature of pain, specifically, to identify whether it is a brain state or not.
The natural form of self-love is deprived of comparisons to others and exists in the natural world as a mere characteristic of the need of an individual to strive and survive.
The impact of Legalism united the country, contributed to the power of the Qin dynasty, and supported the reign of the first emperor.
The straw man fallacy is a type of logical fallacy whereby one person misrepresents their opponent's question or argument to make it easier to respond.
In the context of a social contract, this violation of rights can be explained by the voluntary renunciation of them by people in the name of their own security.
Thus, the "thinking and acting self" represents the freedom of the members of the community to take action with respect to the principles of voluntarism and the authority, serving as "the source of obligation".
Therefore, the "pessimistic" look at absurdity states that in the ratio of the Universe, human life is insufficient and absurd regardless of the scale or order of their actions.
If it is the reason, as Descartes and other rationalist philosophers would argue then how can one be sure that the idea of doubting and reasoning is not inspired by the Evil Demon either?
Aristotle guarantees that to find the human great, we should recognize the capacity of an individual. He set forth the thought that joy is a delight in magnificence and great.
In his philosophical dialogues, the thinker divides the divine, unchangeable world of forms and the world of material, physical objects that was constantly changing and existed only as a shadow of the ideas.
Over the decades, the intensification in the flow of information and automation of the communication domains provides an opportunity for anonymity.
He further asserts that so long as the same sound being is the same self, the self has the same personal identity.
Consequently, the subject matter, which is the suitability of Dilthey's modes of apprehension to revealing the common ideas of groups of citizens from the perspective of hermeneutics, can be understood by discussing others' views.
The theory of rational egoism developed by Ayn Rand seems an optimal approach to the resolution of personal and societal issues from the moral perspective despite the presence of contradicting opinions in this regard.
This condition is the cause of constant and inevitable conflict. Hobbes describes the natural condition from the perspectives of felicity and misery.
Firstly, speaking about the principal contrasts between Stoicism and Confucianism, it should be mentioned that Confucius developed the teaching aimed at the improvement of the state structure, whereas the Stoics pay the main attention to [...]
Admittedly, there were thousands of wars in the past because of the lack of different resources, from gold to cheap labor force.
To start the reflection on my default setting and the improvements, which can be made in this regard, it is vital to explain the meaning of this term in the first place.
Being takes place in being through the admission of presence, that is, the opening of the secret. Heidegger emphasizes that one should not confuse the concept of Dasein with the subject: Dasein objectively exists - [...]
It would not be an exaggeration to state that Plato's allegory of the cave only makes perfect sense if one views it in the light of the theory of forms.
Metaphysics studies the nature of reality, the structure of the world, the origin of man, God, truth, matter, mind, the connection between mind, body, and free will, and the correlation between events.
Then Moore identifies how the human/nature binary, inherent to the approach, has separated humanity from the web of life and become integral to the current public conversations about the environment. In conclusion, the essay re-contextualizes [...]
Hochschild argues that the management of emotions in exchange for a wage leads to the "transmutation" of private life into a social one.
The reading focuses only on the subjective benefits of a particular action and, in most cases, unjust actions that are dishonest towards others, but at the same time, favorable to oneself are more likely to [...]
Starting with the assumptions that fear of this phenomenon is one of the most important stimuli in the life of people and ending with the suggestions that death is not bad for the deceased, thinkers [...]
Kant believed in the concept of "beauty for its own sake" and insisted on distinguishing between pleasant, good, and beautiful as an object's possible characteristics.
As for the actual proof of its discernment, Hutcheson does not provide it in An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue.
What is right and what is wrong is not dependent on the object of interest or on the methods of justice, but in the eyes of the perceiver.
The short existence of these life forms does not seem to have any purpose in the Universe. Prior to time zero is also not explained by any of the theories and philosophies proposed.
As was mentioned by Harry Frankfurt, philosophy is created through anxiety born of an understanding of the limitation of knowledge.
This concept brings us to one of the central doctrines of the Meditations and the lasting legacies of Descartes's work, which is the real distinction between the mind and the body.
In this theory of act utilitarianism, is well stated that, when one is faced with a decision to make, the first thing to consider is the outcome of the potential deeds and, from that decide [...]
Although bearing a connection to Locke's ideas of political system, Marx's views are marked by an inclination to the necessity of a revolution not only in the political, but also in the social and economic [...]
From the flow of the story, it is also possible that the young officer is the same boy that was flogged while in school.
The human nature of capitalism is encrusted in the philosophical thinking of the west. Therefore, western philosophy considers the existence of God and capitalism as the main influences on human nature.
This is in addition to the quality of, the virtues, the vices within the moral assessment and the process of attaining happiness in human life.
The perception of pain in the Epicurus' teachings is a paradox because in the everyday life, people can feel pain in instances of sickness and accidents, but not necessarily due to hunger.
According to Philo, it is hard to deduce the explanation of the origin of the highest order from the lowest ones.
In contrast to them, Richards elaborated a theory of phenomenal attraction that falls into the category of sexual concepts but differs from the notion of sexual arousal.
Studying it, obtaining new and new facts, enlarging his knowledge, man started to think not only about the principles of the functioning of the surrounding world, but about the ways his percepts the information and [...]
And it is not the way of "the sceptics, who doubt only for the sake of doubting". And a redundancy of information also is a huge power, which confuses people to get the pure Knowledge.
One element of the Soul, the Nous, or reason, he maintained that has to try to order the irrational part of it by getting it to contribute in the Good.
Insisting on the necessity to coordinate science and society, Horkheimer concludes that the lack of assurance which is the basic trait of metaphysics fails the latter, hindering it to obtain certain traits of science.
This implies that in institutions of learning character should be improved so as not only to attain the self-importance of an individual but for the ethical good of the general public.
The theory of forms of Plato portrays to us that abstract non-material forms have the highest kind of fundamental reality as compared to this material world that is known well to us by sensation.
According to Nietzche, simpler situations are always true and the problem is that people tend to complicate standards by engaging the emotive qualities of existentialism instead of focusing on the simple tenets of the truth.
This great thinker had conducted a research on the issue and stood on the idea of physical inexistence due to the fact that is clearly detailed in his Meditations, in which he sought to establish [...]
I believe that the nature versus nurture argument is very complex and tries to define which of the two is more dominant in people.
For harmony to prevail, human beings have to live in accordance to the two kinds of order; that is nature and convention.
Basing on this statement, therefore, empirialists have to carry out a rigorous test to determine the relationship between the decisions that individuals make, and the prior knowledge affecting the decisions making.
The definition of naturalism is very useful as it is "the philosophical generalization of science," with its different forms determined by the method and content of the sciences.
The question that enters my mind when I read the Republic is in regards to the fact that Plato considers education to be the defining act that separates those who do not know from those [...]
This is because the past is also an aspect of time which in the etheric realm is considered to be real.
There is nothing in my version of the psychometric hypothesis to indicate that the determinateness of reality would be impaired by the absence of things such as ourselves.
David Armstrong rejected the theory developed by Dennett for a number of reasons; he supported the position of materialists, stressing that mental states are parts of the physical body.
Moving the discussion further, Socrates makes Euthyphro give another definition of piety, and Euthyphro states, probably at a loss, that pious are the things loved by gods, and impious are the things hated by gods.
In order to explain his argument, it is also necessary to look at the notion of will the philosophers presents: the will refers to human ability to act according to certain principles or laws, and [...]
There have been a notable number of philosophers in the course of history whose thoughts and theories on the political and social structure of the society have influenced its hierarchy.
Global citizenship is the moral and principled behaviors that explain the characters and values of human beings in a local or global context in a bid to understand them better.
Metaphysics tried to explain the origin of things on something that is beyond our scope of reasoning when measured against our capacity to understand things with respect to our senses.
A Coherence Theory of justification is one that supports two central ideas that distinguish it from foundationalism: There are basic beliefs that serve as the basis for other beliefs, and
For instance, Descartes in the principles of philosophy says of color: "when we think we perceive colors in objects although we might not know what this might be, that we call by the name of [...]
The realities of living in contemporary Western countries, ruled by neo-Liberal promoters of Globalization, leave no doubt as to the fact that the very concept of "pluralism" is nothing but sophistically sounding, yet utterly meaningless [...]
The framers had in mind the preservation of the public good, and not the promotion of private interest. The notation that the motivation to maintain a position of power can be destructive was addressed by [...]
Also, his philosophy conveys the importance and the beauty of the life of faith in the midst of a discouraging world.
This essay examines Descartes' principle ideas of the utility of doubt for arriving at truths and the concept of dualism between the mind and the body.
In his method of doubt, he says that the world could be unreal and that God is a deceiver. His mind-body dualism depends on believing that God is not a deceiver.
The following examples from the work by Stevenson and Haberman demonstrate the unacceptable and acceptable instances of paraphrasing and explain the reasons for their acceptability: "We have here two systems of belief that are total [...]
Phenomenology is a radical practice of the philosophy that emphasis more the attempt to describe phenomenon the way it is presented on the consciousness of the person experiencing it rather than on past knowledge or [...]
The Sophists deferred from the Prestocratics due to the contradictory statements offered by the prestocratics regarding the nature of the universe; the sophists were not concerned with the theoretical science practiced by the Prestocratics but [...]
The author effectively states the futility of the numerous discussions and controversies of the educational content as the manner simply involves what the student should learn rather than what should be taken out of the [...]
It will be recalled that a person is free to perform an action if and only if that person performs the action if he chooses to perform it, does not perform the action if he [...]
In addition, the prominent thinker estimated rhetoric in the context of logic, because logic, as well as rhetoric and dialectic, point out the studying of persuasion methods.
To define philosophy is rather difficult, as like Popkin and Stroll claim, "philosophy is generally regarded as per haps the most abstruse and abstract of all subjects, far removed from the affairs of or dinary [...]
Because of the responsibilities that lawyers have once they have committed themselves to their clients, there are times that their morality is put to test."A lawyer has to be with a client loyal, knowledgeable, skillful, [...]
Camus prefers a particular position that facilitates human freedom and 'external reality to interact in both ethics and the creation of art.
To Sartre, the "I" which is the person is always brought into the world or rather the universe without any prearranged qualities which is to human nature. It is in the moment of death when [...]
To begin with, Plato believed that acquisition of knowledge was the way to being virtuous in life but he tended to differ with philosophers like Aristotle stating that education to be acquired from the natural [...]
It tries to unravel the nature of truth and knowledge and to find out the basic values and importance of life.
The Socratic Method is a philosophical mode of questioning that involves the investigation of connotations of other situations that are related to the topic of inquiry itself.
Dating back to a time that is almost difficult to imagine, the Tao-te-ching brings into the spotlight, the need for a seamless coexistence between spiritual progress on the one hand and the development of technological [...]
The concept of truth arises from the complexities of the relationship between an individual and others; consequently, the notion of truth, in the work of Plato, will be discussed from the perspectives of responsibility and [...]
If these changes in the characteristics are passed down to the following generations for the perpetuation of a particular species, then evolution takes place.