Management Essay Examples and Topics

Introduction High employee turnover is one of the most damaging things that can happen to a company’s bottom line or even its reputation (Lee, 2008). In the business case study described, I would be expected to ensure that my current operation is successful by minimizing the staff turnover so that I can qualify for the […]

In his book ‘How to Win at the Sport of Business,’ Mark Cuban has made a detailed analysis of the processes he has used in becoming a multi-billionaire. Reading his book proves to be a perfect training session on how one can achieve exceptional success in business. The author has used a new strategy, which […]

Introduction Discrimination at workplace is one of the issues that affect many organizations in the current American society. The society has become diversified because of the increasing rate at which people migrate into the country looking for opportunities in life. In most of the cases, it is possible to find a highly diversified workplace environment. […]

Introduction In any work place, management, responsibility, and accountability are indispensable terms. Employees have the responsibility of ensuring that they accomplish all duties assigned to them. To portray their responsibility, employees are obligated to try their best to deliver their assignments in a timely and professional manner. Management is an indication of power, where, managers […]

Grievance handling procedure in an organization A grievance in an organization may emanate from poor working conditions, poor management policies, or from violation of organizational policies. In this report, the grievance is bad relations with managers. An organization must identify all possible causes of bad relations with managers and take appropriate action. The procedure for […]

Loss Prevention (LP) involves formulation of policies, procedures and practices in organizations to prevent possible losses of inventory and other assets in a retail chain (LP Innovations, Inc. An Introduction to Loss Prevention par.1). Formulating effective programs to guide loss prevention concept can aid in reducing opportunities in which losses may take place and more […]

The organisational conflict is the opposition of goals and interests within the organisation or between organisations. This opposition can lead to developing new creative ideas to resolve the conflicting situation and to creating the negative atmosphere at the workplace which prevents the conflicting parties from achieving the concrete organisational goal (Nelson & Quick, 2012, p. […]

Introduction Business organizations should reconsider the best changes in order to remain competitive. Every business that wants to remain competitive should be ready to embrace new managerial or operational changes. Every successful firm adapts new changes every time. Organizational change helps a firm survive and achieve its goals in a timely manner. Failure to initiate […]

Introduction Management is a vital role of the HR department that ensures that an organization has what it takes to accomplish its goals and objectives. It comprises interrelated social and technical functions and activities that pull people and other resources together in a formal organizational setting in the effort of facilitating the achievement of the […]

Henry Fayol believed in division of work to ensure that specific persons handle specific jobs. Job specialization, according to Fayol, was a clear way of not only increasing volume of outputs, but also producing quality products. Organizations that apply division of labor in their operations pay special focus on the specific portion of the task. […]

Creation of business models is a relatively new practice that occurred with the appearance personal computers. Business modeling changed the whole perspective on the projecting and forecasting of various businesses. Before business models started to be formed the process of business planning was quite different. It basically included an intuitive project and expected outcomes which […]

“Winning” is a book by Jack Welch, who was General Electric’s former chief executive officer (CEO). Welch is credited with transforming the giant corporation during his tenure as CEO. “Winning” is a book that Welch wrote four years after he had retired from his position at General Electric (GE) and he credits his wife as […]

Introduction The book named 5 Languages of Appreciation in the Workplace assists managers and administrators to inspire, appreciate, and communicate to the workforces efficiently. The book review tries to answer the question of whether the current usage of appreciation at the place of work generates any appealing and positive atmosphere for the workforces. In fact, […]

Introduction Strategic management is essential for business management. A good management strategy is required for an organization to achieve its business objectives. Strategic management helps businesses to gain competitive advantage. Management strategies should be dynamic and innovative to achieve competitiveness. Additionally, businesses must conduct regular appraisals of their strategies to keep up with the current […]

Organization of the workplace and management of the relationships at work are extremely important for the creation of an effective business environment. It helps achieve the best results and make progress in the business. Any workplace consists of multiple relationships between the employees and harmony in all of these relationships is crucial for the proper […]

Executive Summary Culture refers to the expectations, experiences, values, beliefs, and norms that guide the actions of members of an organization or a nation. Culture determines organizational performance by influencing employees’ behavior. International mergers and acquisitions often fail because of cultural differences. Specifically, cultural differences hinder effective communication, control of employees, and developing shared objectives […]

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a system that works helps in planning and managing an organization’s resources in an efficient, productive, and profitable manner. It allows an organization to run a synchronized configuration that strategically connects all aspects of the business (Barker and Frolick 43). A successfully deployed ERP system can “increase customer satisfaction, reduce […]

Introduction This analytical treatise will establish the explicit benefits of a formalized career development system at individual and organization levels. Benefits at the individual level The formalized career development system facilitates the efforts of an individual towards achieving his or her professional and personal development goals. Therefore, the individual will have the capacity to determine […]

Positive Aspects Literature is intended to act as a mirror to society. Motivational books, which are part of this literature, have created their space in the literary world as encouraging sources of information. Hill (2005) wrote the book Think and Grow Rich against this background. Hill uses the book to motivate people to seek wealth, […]

Many organizations invest in training their employees in order to improve their performances. The training activities would only become useful to the organization if the learned skills and knowledge were transferred to the workplace. The support of the peer and supervisor on the transfer process can be highlighted in three levels; pre-training, during training, and […]

Abstract This paper sheds light in the current state of research on employee turnover and retention through analysis of the contemporary theory. It goes a notch higher to examine the postulations of various researchers on the topic with the aim of evaluating their validity regarding employee engagement, quality of supervision, employee turnover, and employee retention. […]

Introduction Change is inevitable when restructuring an organization. Change is important because it enables organizations to adapt and cope with the uncertainties and challenges of the modern business environment that is volatile and unpredictable (Burke, 2010). Many organizations occasionally undergo restructuring as a measure to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their processes and operations. […]

Staffing and Job Requirements The establishment of a solid base to expand a business without available funding may demand the adjustments of business planning in order to facilitate funding through loans. In fact, the strategic approach in which a business operates must verify the presence of competitiveness. In the scenario availed to modify the structure […]

Introduction In order to effectively compete in the global market economy, organizations must develop a way to sustain a competitive advantage. It is now an established fact that most successful global organizations can attribute their success and competitive advantage to the uniqueness of their workforce and the system they put in place to effectively manage […]

Leadership is a wide concept that varies in terms of meaning and style of application. The concept of leadership is defined and used differently depending on the nature of the environment, goals, and purpose of a team, among others. Studies have established that these factors influence on the meaning of leadership and the way they […]

Introduction Research on women entrepreneurs has extensively been carried out in many countries across the world and especially in the developed countries. Arguably, most women have been venturing into entrepreneurship in order to overcome the widespread inequality between men and women in terms of the income earned. However, the rate of women becoming entrepreneurs is […]

Name of business service The proposed small dog boarding business will be called Nicos Canine Hotel to provide dog boarding services to customers. The dog boarding business will be located besides the Career Centre in the 1390 Keasey Boulevard within the city, since the target market surrounds this location. Audience for the proposal The proposal […]

The global code of conduct for the company shall include general aspects of good conducts at the workplace. The code will reinforce respect at the workplace, integrity when dealing with other stakeholders, observations of ethics, and protection of the company’s innovation. The company shall expect all employees to adhere to the contents of the code. […]

Introduction In the past, quality in the product and service industries was not given much though. In those times, the consumer of the products or services was nothing but a passive recipient with little say over the affairs taking place. However, in the few past decades, the tables have been turned around as companies have […]

Introduction Research is a method of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to make informed decisions. A company that wants to determine a research question needs to identify effective research methods. These methods depend on the company’s objectives. The aim of this paper is to analyze the various evaluation methods that a company can use to […]

Introduction Sole ownership is a form of business entity that is owned and operated by one person. Sole ownership, which is also referred to as the sole proprietorship is the operation of the business by an individual. Sole ownerships are easy to establish and run since they require low startup capital. For example, freelance writers, […]

Many modern leaders have problems with identifying challenges experienced in the organization and with addressing them with the help of effective strategies. The problem is in the fact that leaders often misunderstand the meanings of such a concept as ‘strategy’. This idea is stated and developed in Richard Rumelt’s book Good Strategy, Bad Strategy: The […]

“The Strategist” is a book by Cynthia Montgomery, a renowned business professor. The book is based on the author’s experiences as the head of the “Owner, President, Manager Program” at Harvard business school. The author’s previous contributions to the business world include her illuminating 1995 article “Competing on Resources”. Montgomery’s 1995 article gave rise to […]

Three Type of insurance Insurance firms aim at covering the losses or other adverse events that may hamper a firm’s ability to meet its goals and objectives. Apart from property insurance, there is life insurance; it covers the lives of the insured persons. In essence, the entire concept of insurance deals with the mitigation of […]

Service environment is vital in an organization because it gives the first impression of the products that are marketed in an organization. Whereas the quality of items in two firms could be the same, a consumer may prefer one over the other because of the environment in which the service is provided. It refers to […]

During a crisis or an emergency, different departments and organizations are involved in the response process. However, the interdepartmental and inter-organizational aspect implies that people will have varied decision-making capabilities and approaches. Unfortunately, the involved parties cannot access each other’s information systems, and thus, one individual, department, or organization is not aware of the others’ […]

The Central Lesson In Rumelt’s Book Any successful business organization, government, army or sports’ team needs a strategy to survive the competition in its field. In business, the success of a company depends on the strategy it uses in its operations. Therefore, managers responsible for designing strategies must have good plans for implementing their strategies. […]

Introduction There are several stakeholders in an organization classified as internal and external. For instance, stakeholders may consist of investors, senior executives, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, community, and other interest groups (Susniene & Vanagas, 2005). With such a diverse composition of stakeholders, it would be important to apply specific businesses to aid in understanding the […]

Leadership is defined as the management of certain resources or aspects of an organization. Management is about organizing and directing resources so that they work in harmony for efficiency. As a leader, there are a few important aspects that I should portray to achieve the goals of my organization. This involves directing resources using the […]

The Main Arguments for Foley to Counter: CEOs and Their Responsibilities Striving for the benefit of the organization, as well as the well-being of all its members and the provision of high-quality services to the customers and supporters of the organization is generally considered the duty of the company’s COO. However, in practice, it often […]

Coaching plays an important role in the workplace. Effective leaders should employ coaching to handle a variety of conflicts that may appear in the workplace. There are numerous strategies which can be used. Some of these strategies are expecting the best, taking into account gender differences, using a holistic approach, and making use of proper […]

Definition of socialization, its benefits to new employees and organizations Socialization is a critical aspect that defines performance in various organizations. This is apparent since it is a credible process by which employees acquires essential skills, norms, values and learn new behaviors including cultural practices that enable them to operate as team players (Wanberg, 2012). […]

Continuous conflicts have the potential of bringing down the operations of the organization if care is not taken. Several scholars have confirmed through research that coaching is one of the effective methods of resolving conflicts in an organizational setup. The method applies where the trained coach is willing to engage the client that is capable […]

Job Analysis There are several steps involved in conducting a job analysis, which includes gathering relevant information connected to various aspects of jobs, reviewing background information, and selecting a representative position to be analyzed (Brannick, Levine & Morgeson, 2007). Job analysis process follows, where information is obtained in relations to the jobs chosen. Upon completion, […]

A business setting or functions of an organization involve an intricate relationship between innovation and progress. Many aspects depend on how the market views the organization and how it is being treated in the business setting. One of the key aspects of any business is to be able to interest the public or society in […]

Technological advancements have allowed individuals from different cultures and environments to work and communicate together. This experience has been exciting and frustrating to some. Some individuals find it hard to adjust to both institutional and national cultural differences leading to a drop in their performances (Nelson & Quick, 2008). Cultural values have an impact on […]

A business and its specifics are decided by individual situations, and every time; one must find the most suitable avenues for its conduction. The system of trade and relations between businesses are guided by responsibility, ethics, and code of respect. The market is also different. There are certain things that people need, so the demand […]

The current job market is transforming at an alarming rate (CDC Consult, 2014). To be viable, protect their jobs, and guarantee continuous career developments, individuals are required to update their experiences and knowledge. In this respect, the employees, managers, and entrepreneurs must be ready to adapt to the changes in the job market for them […]

The rapid decline in employment opportunities across major economies around the world is one of the reasons why entrepreneurship is quickly growing. Although the population is growing, most economies have been experiencing sluggish performance in the past few decades. Of the worst impact to national, governments were the recent 2007 global recession that led to […]

The major Human Resource (HR) issues which are critical for the success of the company in China include performance appraisal, retention, turnover, and staffing philosophy. Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal is the process of evaluating employees in an ongoing manner to know their progress. Performance appraisal is also aimed at giving the employees an opportunity to […]

Step 1: Determine Where You Are My healthcare organization is a leading provider of quality services to its patients. The increasing number of calls remains a major at the organization. Teams are essential towards proving quality health services. Teams can identify problems and find solutions to them (Sullivan, 2013). The team members motivate one another […]

What steps would you take to ensure that wastes being produced at a factory are managed correctly? To ensure that wastes being produced at a factory are managed correctly, it is necessary to control the whole waste management process and to take several important steps leading to effective waste management. Step 1: The first step […]

The Article’s Central Theme The article provides an analysis of the evaluation dynamics in the capital markets. Zenger observes that most market analysts favor easy-to-assess, but less valuable corporate strategies because investors rarely discount ventures that promise quick returns. On the other hand, analysts dismiss complex, but valuable strategies on grounds that they are difficult […]

Introduction There is a major difference between having adequate resources for business operations and achieving the objectives of investment. Most organizations fail to meet their targets even though they have the resources required to do so. This paper analyzes a case study about execution strategies employed by different companies, how these plans can be applied […]

Article Summary At the time of writing this article, Edward Pudlowski was working with Ernest & Young in Dallas, where he was the principal of performance and reward practice as well as the national leader of HR cost management services. The author argues that managing human resources in the modern world has increasingly become a […]

The operations of many modern manufactures depend on the effective and highly controlled work of the legacy manufacturing software and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems which can function independently or as the integrated systems. Today, manufacturers are inclined to choose the legacy manufacturing software integrated with ERP systems to facilitate productivity and reduce the costs […]

Business process automation increases efficiency, speed, agility, and accuracy. Automation allows management to make better decisions and solve problems faster due to the availability of reports detailing business processes. The business entity is made more dynamic as it has a competitive edge. The business environment has changed from the traditional environment where processes were manual […]

The aspect of confidence among Canadian small businesses in the agricultural sector is fundamental for the sustainability of the projects. The article, AgriStability or Aggravation, is relevant in identifying problems that exist within the agri-business affecting their stability, such as predictability, bureaucratic procedures in paper works, poor customer services, as well as timeliness issues. In […]

Selection outcomes There are two negative selection outcomes (false positive and false negative errors). A false positive error refers to an incorrect acceptance of a job applicant for employment, basing on predictive success. It is unsuccessful in the selection of results (Gatewood, Feild & Barrick, 2011). On the contrary, a false negative error refers to […]

Introduction This paper is based on the topic of contextual leadership. It explores the topic based on the article titled “Contextual leadership, a study of Lebanese executives working in Lebanon, GCC countries and the United States.” The article is authored by Farid Muma of the Meirc Training & Consulting Institute in the United States. In […]

The problem Human resources are essential components for the successful running of any business. Business outcomes directly correlate with how members of an organization associated with their peers, juniors, and seniors within the organization, and with other stakeholders like consumers and suppliers. Interpersonal relationship issues are often called people problems because they do not have […]

The type of situation presented in the video is frequent for any workplace. Modern world is a diverse place and many companies face the challenges of working with employees that share different views, belong to different cultures and social groups. It is very important that the leaders of such companies apply the skills of conflict […]

The readings that have been chosen for this essay have a common theme that is of great interest to many business administrators, workers, and employers. In particular, one should speak about the qualities of a successful organization that can achieve an ambitious goal and remains competitive for a long time. In particular, one should speak […]

Introduction Identification of risks is a fundamental starting point for disaster management. Upon recognition of any potential risk, strategies can be developed to curb or prevent them from occurring. This paper discusses disaster management by focusing on four fundamental theoretical concepts, namely preparedness, recuperation, reprieve, and prevention of natural disasters as developed by Coppola in […]

Attitudes toward work or the workplace are important aspects that greatly determine the performance outcomes of many business organizations. Attitudes toward work or the workplace are beliefs and feelings of a worker that influence how he or she values work. Work attitudes could be viewed in two main ways. First, job attitudes could reflect global […]

Introduction Many cities and nations across the world fight for an opportunity to host the Olympic Games for economic reasons. In general, nations anticipate that holding the Olympic Games will create an opportunity for increased profits and new jobs for the host city or country (Toohey, 2007). As a result, interested nations are often willing […]

Introduction Organisational behaviour assesses the influence that individuals, associations, and structures have on conduct in an organisation in a bid to use such knowledge to boost efficiency in an organisation (Kopelman, Prottas & Davis 2008). Organisational behaviour further encompasses psychology, communication, sociology, and management. This paper analyses the issues arising from operations at Hawk Car […]

Diversity encompasses a variety of individual traits. Diversity does not apply to only special interest groups. Age, religion, gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation are some characteristics that define human beings. In the recent past, major organizations have been restructuring their workforce to include a diverse workforce. This paper will present views supporting the argument […]

Current surveys indicate that there is a gap between the desire to keep and sustain talented employees and the attainment of that goal. Logistic companies agree that sustaining talent is critical in the success of the internal business process. The success of the business activities and developments, project results, and internal systems depend on the […]

Introduction This paper focuses on a Project Management Analysis that seeks to analyze the experience of a group with a community partner. In this light, we chose the Brothers of Change to be the community partner for this project. The organization is a non-profitable organization that offers courses on cooking and helps the student to […]

A majority of business leaders assume that creativity and success can be achieved without any friction. However, this is usually not the case. All organizations experience some level of conflict. This is because conflict cannot be prevented when different people are working together. In organizations where there are wide arrays of disciplines and personalities, positive […]

Crowdsourcing is the way forward for today’s corporate and technological world. In a nutshell, crowdsourcing is the process whereby an idea or problem is announced or presented to a certain target group. The concerned parties and other people with some sort of technical expertise about the matter are then encouraged to contribute their ideas and […]

Many business administrators speak about the importance of diversity and inclusion in the workplace. However, it is also necessary to explain their benefits for organizations. First, one can mention improved decision-making. The thing is that people, who come from various ethnic or cultural backgrounds, can look at the same situation from different viewpoints. If they […]

In the article “Flexible Compensation Evaluated,” the author underlines the need for organizations to meet the challenges of individual needs by implementing flexible compensation programs. In the discussion, the author argues that for organizations to succeed, they must not only seek innovative approaches to satisfy employee needs, but the approaches adopted must have the capacity […]

Introduction The title of the article “High-performance cultures: How values can drive business results” by Rosenthal & Masarech (2003) is appropriate for the assignment as it vividly captures what the material seeks to explain. The topic’s effectiveness is demonstrated in the explanation employed in the article, most of which depict how organizational culture enhances business […]

What is management? This is a process whereby people in an organization come together to achieve set goals and objectives (Gomez-Mejia et al., 2008). Accomplishing the goals and objectives calls for effective use of an organization’s resources. Effective management calls for proper planning and organizing (Craig, 2009). Sound leadership and competent staff are an integral […]

Introduction Selecting and ultimate acquiring an Information System is a complex task.This is because an Informa action system Is made up of elements which support interaction with various elements to provide a complete working system. The Information System is majorly made up of people elements that influence decision making about what type of system is […]

The case study highlights employee retention as a problem to an organization and the primary causes of the problem as well as its effects on the organization. As a consultant, I can identify several issues in this case that are related to organization retention. First, the major issue is employee recruitment and retention. Secondly, there […]

Introduction Human resources (HR) managers are the professionals who oversee the hiring of employees in an organization. The ability of an organization to attract people with relevant skills is dependent on the strategies that are used by the HR manager. In the education sector, teachers are vital because without them the learning process would not […]

Introduction Throughout their existence, organizations and businesses are considerably pressured to raise their levels of performance and productivity. This is especially so in the modern day business environment which is characterized by aggression and excessive competition. Businesses are therefore constantly forced to exhibit innovation, enhanced performance, and unquestionable managerial skills to remain relevant and profitable […]

Introduction The strategy makes a business succeed. The business is successful if it continues making profits and expanding. Below is a definition of strategy, the importance of strategy to individuals within the organization, how the knowledge of strategy will help in being successful in business, the business model of McDonald and Microsoft and the competitive […]

A college education is very important as it prepares someone for a career life at the university level. Although one takes several subjects about the career that one might take in the future, all subjects learned are very important since they provide a person with basic skills. Apart from the provision of general skills, some […]

There are many different business organizations as well as different modes of entry and all have got specific advantages and disadvantages. A joint venture is an example of a business model of entry which refers to a strategically planned partnership between either two, or more business entities. The businesses agree to engage in a joint […]

Setting goals is an important activity that everyone should engage in to achieve growth and development. In setting our goals, we should think critically on the type of goals we set to avoid disappointment which can reduce one’s morale to develop. We should make sure the goals we are setting are ours and are not […]

Psychology The discipline of psychology has greatly contributed to the field of organizational behavior since it has led to the emergence of the concept of organizational psychology. This concept is concerned with the study of workplace behavior. Bottom and Kong (2010) argued that psychologist plays a role in ensuring increased workplace productivity. This is done […]

On the basis of the knowledge that I have acquired in this course, I have a plan to start a small business organization. The course has enabled me to understand the most important things that an individual should focus on in order to successfully operate a small business organization. My plan is to start a […]

Conflict solving is never easy, especially when it involves a large sum of money and concerns a number of people. However, with the help of specific approaches towards conflict solving and the existing theories on conflicts within an organization, one can possibly be able to analyze the emerging conflicts and learn valuable lessons from them […]

There are several advantages of working as an employee manager as opposed to working as a third-party manager. A full-time employee manager can relate to his employees better because he understands their backgrounds and personalities. An employee manager interacts constantly with clients and other employees which makes it easy for him to solve crucial issues […]

Introduction The flexibility of work is a comparatively complicated issue integrating the peripheral and core workforces that carry with them several consequences. The model of work flexibility is commonly used in many organizations, as it is healthy for the individual standards of living (CIPD, 2013). Flexible working tries to view the associations amid practical and […]

Introduction Each society has its own unique culture. This uniqueness of culture affects the values of the members of a given society. Studies and theories on diversity and culture are particularly important for multinational companies that intend to establish their presence in more than one country in the world. Geert Hofstede is one of the […]

Introduction The development of leaders is important because they spend most of the time at work, which requires more experience. The military units need programs for development, which should be properly executed by experienced officials. Formal programs may not be available, but the system of the schools should do proper counseling with tools to operate […]

Introduction Every experienced investor understands that comprehensive financial projections for new organizations are outcomes of imagination and should be managed with a lot of care. William confirms this idea in the article ‘How to Write a Great Business Plan.’ I will provide a brief synopsis of the article. In addition to the brief synopsis, I […]

Introduction In the book, The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Power and Profit, Bakan (2004, pp. 34-53) provides a critical analysis of modern day organizations. His arguments revolve around the power and the objectives of companies and organizations. He traces the foundations of corporations to the 17th century and asserts that the objectives of the […]

Organizations should ensure that their activities are sustainable. An organization should ensure that there is a balance between profits, people, and the planet. People refer to the social environment of the organization. These include employees, shareholders, and customers. On the other hand, the planet refers to the physical environment. It is unethical for an organization […]

Introduction It is the aim of every education to increase their output and thus enjoy comparative advantage compared to other organizations. On the same note, organizations are aiming at reducing costs since they eat into their profits. It is important to note that among the most important inputs in a firms’ production is labor. However, […]

Introduction Human Resource Management is a practice that has been in place since time in memorial. Amongst the factors of production, labor is listed as the most important factor and is highly capital intensive. Labor is the only resource in any business organization that has a feeling and therefore needs to be well managed without […]

Introduction Employees of an organization can request their boss to increase their pay following certain reasons best known to them. In the process, they will have a bargain and negotiate for a common pay that a is both of them; this type of negotiation is referred to as collective bargaining (Caisley, 6). However, collective bargaining […]

The current business environment is highly competitive and the best method in determining productivity is through creating an ultimate TQM environment as Daft suggests. The approach proposes that the management should not make employees feel they are competing amongst each other instead they should view each other as members who should work closely to achieve […]

Introduction Following the proposal to research the introduction of MOOCs at UMUC, the taskforce on program implementation recommends further studies on MOOC for climate change. Concerning findings submitted on the research report, UMUC needs to conduct a unique course offering interaction with real global issues. Aware of the urgency of climate change awareness and the […]

Introduction This personal model aims at creating a conceptual map from an individual perspective. Leadership is a process of social influence in which one person can influence the behavior of others. It is, therefore, apparent that there must be the leader and followers (Clark, 2003). The leader must be influential and directive to the people. […]