Philosophy Essay Examples and Topics. Page 18

Platonic philosophy, precisely the concept of world of forms, had dominated the medieval era that subjected the human body, as a shadow of a real body in the world of forms, to little or no [...]

Contrary to the expectations of the Chinese people, this situation disenfranchised Confucius up to the point of leaving his government post.

This is the foundation upon which he believed the knowledge of good literature and the art of composition could be found.

Manent was able to show the link between the law of the land and the state. If one will utilize Manent's understanding of sovereignty and the law then it will be revealed that the Canadian [...]

Carnap offers another distinction between the Universal and Statistical laws by stating that the former are usually logically easier since they were always the same in the past, are still the same in the present, [...]

Hall continues to say that, "Gramsci felt the need of new conceptualizations at precisely the levels at which Marx's theoretical work was itself at its most sketchy and incomplete: that is, the levels of the [...]

That is necessary to say that Darwin tried to show the role of Nature and the role of man in our world.

The author of the quotation "the end justifies the means", the father of the political theory, the teacher, and the best example for so many current leaders, Niccol Machiavelli lived at the end of the [...]

As opposed to the freelance style of leadership, one of the difficulties over the heredity or one family customized leadership style that reflects to a hierarchical prince is the ability to contravene the ancestral background [...]

Active habits involve thought, invention and initiative as the basis for new goals as opposed to routine that is an arrest of growth.

First was to provide a form of example to human beings on the right way to live and the second is that the death of Jesus was to provide satisfaction to mankind who had been [...]

He had the view that individuals naturally possess knowledge and that what they need is a direction for them to come to terms with what they already knew. He seems to be of the opinion [...]

Behind the prisoners a fire is playing, so that they can see their own shadows and the shadows of one another thrown by the fire on the opposite wall of the cave in fact, shadows [...]

Just as it is contradictory to think of the greater than which nothing greater can be thought as not existing, so it is absurd to think of God as not existing.

However, Kuhn notes that, this process of reconstructing and reconsidering assumptions and facts is tedious and time consuming; therefore, he offers a way of creating paradigms in the process of scientific revolution.

Causal determinism is based on the fact that for every effect there is always a cause and the cause informs the nature of the effect.

As the sense of independent and development sunk in peoples mind, the aspect of communism disintegrated and in its place individualism and the sense of "I" was adopted that is embraced world-wide.

Marx and Rousseau were eager to improve the society they lived in and make people free; to achieve these purposes, it is necessary to prove that money does not have such power to provide all [...]

Popper emphasis that the entire scientific enterprise is common and natural, by giving the examples of the exploits of a Copernicus or Einstein, which to him make a better reading than those of a Brahe [...]

He says that laws of justice should not be used to suppress and oppress guilty individuals especially on the Socrates like him.

The meaning of God from a dictionary says is "The creator and ruler of the universe". Now we have basic concept of what God is, we can now think the God exist or not.

In philosophical terms, the concept of matter advances the fact that all things are made up of matter and all thoughts are created as a result of the interaction of matter.

He makes out the poor application of rhetoric as a style and the incoherence of ideas in the body of the anecdote.

Indeed this is the concept from which the science of psychology is based which is best exemplified by the theory of behaviorism: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concepts of self ideology [...]

Freedom is granted to a prisoner, and he is allowed to look at the things that cast the shadow shown to him.

The author's argument is that it is necessary for the society to change its way of responding to the problems of needy people.

As much as he is regarded as an atheist who celebrates in the death of god, he calls it the greatest manifestation in a hundred acts reserved for the next two centuries in Europe, that [...]

On building trust at work, employers are required to give minimum supervision to the employees in an effort to make the latter feel a sense of belonging and responsibility.

Starting from the unjust slaying of Abel and the persecution of Jesus, the Bible illustrates the blamelessness of the victim. Girard perceives aggression to be a section of the challenges of aggression and not as [...]

The relationship between hegemony and power is influenced by the activities of the ruling class and the intellectuals in the society.

One of the tasks of moral philosophy is to discover the binding principles of behaviour among humans. Therefore, moral judgement is merely a formation of the mind and is susceptible to sentiments.

The paper pays special attention to the main views and values of each author as to what constitutes legitimate governments, the power of such governments and the limitations of the power and authority of legitimate [...]

Socrates and Euthyphro show that the application of justice in different societies is not always fair. Plato's arguments are ambiguous because they do not offer a rational basis about how religion can be used to [...]

Experiences, the level of information, the uniqueness of the situation and urgency of the matter are some of the factors that influence decision making.

The natural right to property according to Locke was affected by the application of labor to a certain piece of land.

These have followed the adoption of different famous philosophers' tenets of morality and human values leading to the development of codes such as human rights, the constitution, the law morals and ethics. The nature of [...]

Therefore, it is impossible to demarcate science from non-science on a case-by-case basis because they are integrated fields of study and knowledge that are interdependent. For scientific field to expand, it must delve into the [...]

One approach is the materialist approach which asserts that consciousness and the brain are one and the same thing, thus the brain is the process of the brain.

According to Wolf, the deep self is than inner part of a human that has the ability to control the desires, values and is responsible for self reflection.

Gandhi did not believe that an action is right if it promotes greatest good for the greatest number of people; far from it, he believed in moral actions that lead to the greatest good for [...]

In Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilych, Peter Ivanovich experiences a chilling moment as he contemplates his own mortality in light of the long and painful period of torture and agony that befell his colleague [...]

The difference in the approaches assumed by Kant and Rousseau regarding the norms of liberty and moral autonomy determine the perspective of their theories of justice.

In Chomsky's opinion, the conclusion that the tyranny of the majority can threaten the rights of persons, including the rights for freedom of speech and conscience, was the result of confusion caused by the vague [...]

It foresees a society whereby gender neutrality will be tenable and that social responsibilities are not subject to the gender of an individual.

The political idea compared is justice and equality, the paper tries to describe the ideas of the two scholars as far as justice is concerned.

It is based on two principles: the first one says that one cannot be sure in his/her knowledge and there is not certain human knowledge; the second principle claims that all we know can only [...]

In this regard, people would not be the means for the mandate of heaven path and not the ends. In Confucianism, you would be wrong to rebel if you are not the Son of Heaven.

Because of his freedom the free man gets the privilege of comparing the two worlds and he is in a position to judge on what is real and what is not real. He insists that [...]

The restoration of religious institutions to earlier principles is necessitated by the retrogression in the same. Finally, the restoration of a religious institution to earlier principles has many positive effects.

The philosophers agreed in the nature of man and in the desire to exist in a society that was ordered and dependent.

Nonetheless, the duties and the very morality developed in one society can significantly differ from the norms accepted in another society, so it is impossible to state that ethical norms of a society correspond to [...]

In philosophy, the term relation refers to a form of the fact that is either agreeable or disagreeable of the two items.

The idea of harmony and respect of all human beings is a result of his Christian foundation as well as the philosophy of Gandhi that he encountered later on in his life.

On the other hand, atheist holds the position that evil experienced in the world is a clear indication that either this world is not the best to live or there is no such being as [...]

The character qualities that a person has are important to themselves and the people who they are in charge of. Machiavelli wrote about this a long time ago and so, many people of the modern [...]

There is a contradiction between the existence of an all-powerful God and the existence of evil. For that reason, the notion that evil and an omnipotent God coexist is debatable.

The last theme is the concept of identity of being on the one hand, and thought in the teleological growth on the other.

According to Descartes, the supporter of the rationalist perspective and the author of the phrase "I think, therefore I am", declined the importance of emotional and sensuous perception of the world because it does not [...]

However, the major difference between the works of Hume and Collingwood in tackling the relevance of history to our human nature is clearly seen in their arguments.

But to that particular end, it does not mean that it would not be important for him that the rest is false.

In order to understand Hume's critique of the belief in miracles, it is crucial to begin by defining what a miracle means.

Of course, the state should be governed by a group of people who are close to all other groups. Apart from acquiring certain facts and skills, young people should be taught the principles of morality.

Therefore, with reference to his definition of the sovereign and the general will, Rousseau was of the opinion that citizens had the obligation to attend the assemblies organized in order to deliberate upon their current [...]

The Cognitive Behavior and Self theories explore human nature in terms of material and spiritual aspects of life that determine the behavior of individuals.

The teacher, to the blind children, asked me to describe for the children what a cow is and what a Cat is.

Nevertheless, in light of recent discoveries in the field of neurology and psychology, many of his analytical insights, concerned with the justification of the idea that the metaphysical mode of cognizing the surrounding reality is [...]

In a way, this contradicts his above reasoning that if there is no one to experience the loss of good life, then the absence of suffering and realization is not bad at all.

The principle of inferring the existence and nature of God from the cosmic design is uncertain because the design of the universe is beyond human experience, and is useless because no one can revert and [...]

Adding determinism to free will, Ayer broke completely new grounds in philosophy by stating that there are three conditions that are required for making a choice fully based on the principle of free will in [...]

Secondly, the author of this paper agrees with Hegel on the issue that it is actually the role of philosophy to resolve the differences within the human consciousness through Absolutism.

In addition, I believe that Hobbes intended to put moral and political philosophy onto the scientific basis to attain knowledge and to illustrate his findings to others. By studying the behavior of individuals in this [...]

There is a tendency of us trying to play wise that we can not be cheated and in the process disqualifying everything and negating the existence of everything else as well.

According to the Treatise of Human Nature, Hume asserts that each belief that is subject to justification should be either a matter of fact or relation of ideas.

In spite of the fact that knowledge enhances the intellectual capacity of the people, it deprives them of the ability to think critically about the information that they have amassed.

At the same time, compatibilists stress that the free will exists as in the majority of cases people have a variety of options and they are often free to choose any way.

In the end, the amount of goods and services that a person could get is limited. The laws and mutual help that exist in a civilized society show that people respect and value equality and [...]

Their views are mostly similar, agreeing on the concept that morality is a necessary part of human life and it should be guiding the actions and thoughts of every person. Immanuel Kant's theory is that [...]

This ancient philosophy concentrates on the balancing of the environment and Chi is a vital component of this study. This is the basic principle of the Feng Shui and it works even in the 21st [...]

Conclusively, though Hume argues that miracles violate the law of nature, it is necessary to note that law of nature does not rule out miracles as he suggests.

The meaning derived when integrity is viewed in this perspective is purity and how intact a thing is. In such analysis, the integrity of a person is viewed in two perspectives.

This is one of the main points that one can make in response to William Clifford's essay The Ethics of Belief.

The world is full of hardship that Hick considered not to have been made by a perfectly benevolent and powerful God.

The use of puppeteers by Plato inside the cave and things outside indicate that empirical discoveries never penetrate the ideal realm of truth thus calling for the need to move outside the cave.[2] The third [...]

In Clifford's article "The Ethics of Belief", the author argues that individuals' beliefs are not private matters. In the story of the ship, had the ship not capsized, the owner would have achieved his aims.

This can be seen from the honor that a man is regarded or the rank or reputation a person holds in the society.

One of the arguments that the author makes is that "the normative force is the same for everyone and known by all".

Completed and published in 1689, the essay was revolutionary since it was in direct opposition to the traditional understanding of knowledge at the time.

Nevertheless, as of today, this effectively ceased to be the case, because: a) the realities of a post-industrial living render the classical concept of a statehood/law hopelessly outdated; b) the recent discoveries in the fields [...]

Of course, this is regardless of the nature and kind of the society in investigation. The general knowledge is that natural law helps in the development and proper establishment of the eternal law.

Taking the Argument with a Grain of Salt: Concerning the Existing Objections To address the issue in question in the most efficient way, the existing contradictions to the teleological argument must be considered.

The perceptions that influence the validity of the direct realism theory have a great impact on understanding the reality. Through the information that is relayed from the material object to the mind through sensory nerves, [...]

In that case, the fall of humans was viewed as a manifestation of the weakness found in human beings. To support that claim, Hick asserted that human beings were created not in the "likeness" of [...]

These arguments seek to find out the explanation of what exists in the world, and if this really testifies to the existence of a higher power, namely, God.

The argument stipulates that the world is a place filled with such novel interlocking intricacy to the extent that the sole rational justification centers on the existence of an intelligent designer.

Descartes also argues that the body cannot exist without a mind; however, the mind can endure the annihilation of the body to which it is paired.

Aristotle notes that "the attainment of the good for one man alone is, to be sure, a source of satisfaction; yet to secure it for a nation and for states is nobler and more divine".

The doctrine of stoicism is also prevalent in the book, a philosophy that he was deeply fascinated in and applied in his solving daily challenges in life.

Sartre continues to explain that freedom is the central factor in human beings and it is permanently connected to the "for-itself" or consciousness. In the end, Sartre's definition of freedom is that it is the [...]

For instance, those who endorse the thesis that determinism depicts compatibility with moral responsibility and free will and the thesis of determinism have also been shown to endorse the thesis of freedom.

Chaos theory explains the rationale of chaotic events in the world. Chaos theory explains the rationale of chaotic events in the world.

However, the world is full of inconsistencies and imperfections and, therefore, the existence of the best possible world refutes the idea of God's perfection.

He claims that giving a certain amount to Bengal would result to suffering of individuals and their dependants, which will correspond to the suffering he relieved in Bengal.

Socrates is one of the great thinkers of all times owing to the fact that his philosophy shaped the Greek's tread of thoughts. Socrates believed that he was the gadfly of the society and the [...]

The problem with this explanation is that Anselm already assumes that God has reached a state of perfection in the beginning of his ontological argument. Anselm's argument is also based on the premise that it [...]

This paper seeks to present the case of a heroin addict who makes herself and the other people surrounding her suffer evaluating whether she is the one to be fully responsible for her actions or [...]

Years after the era of debates on whether scientific investigation or a prior method should be used as a cornerstone of philosophy and the means to obtain a crystal clear truth, it seems that the [...]

One of the main reasons why it is impossible to trust without sufficient evidence is that all people have a different vision of life and situations, therefore, being good enough for a person, the issue [...]

If stretched to its logical maximum, the given idea leads to the suggestion that the entire world is merely a figment of someone's imagination.

In his essay The Ethics of Belief, William Clifford argued that every form of belief had to be based on some evidence or inquiry.

Bentham argues that the greatest number of people should achieve happiness if utilitarianism is to be achieved in society. Increasing the prices of winter clothes is an act that does not aim at bringing happiness [...]

By this, the version emphasizes the idea that the government should consider coming up with rules and regulations that protect the right of an individual's set of properties.

The most notable aspect of the ideology is the fact that beliefs exist when there is evidence. I strongly believe that the theory, which is based on having sufficient evidence to support a belief, is [...]

The generation of wealth is the collective duty of every member of the society, and rules of justice only seek to enhance the ownership and distribution of these resources.

The movement of the prisoner from initial position of imprisonment to exploring the interior of the cave and then to studying reflections from water to stars and sky during the night followed by discovery of [...]

The description of the cave as well as that of the situation of the prisoners shows that they are mistaken on the idea of truth and reality.

This paper highlights the different perspectives to the moral dilemma in the movie by David Hume and Kant. The murder leads to criticism of the government because even after intense investigation, the government is not [...]

This dilemma and the main actions of the main character can be discussed from several perspectives, for instance, one can mention, the ethics of David Hume and the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The cornerstone [...]

It goes without saying that the major dilemma of the film is the one State's Attorney Henry Harvey, the protagonist of the film, has to face.

In addition, in this piece, I present my philosophical understanding of the "problem of evil, the existence of God, free will, the mind and body relation, human knowledge and the question of being".

In spite of the infinite reproaches, debates and libels made against his observation, Galilei Galileo disapproved the endured concept that the earth was the epicenter of the world. The untiring doubt might give rise to [...]