Philosophy Essay Examples and Topics. Page 17

One of the tasks of moral philosophy is to discover the binding principles of behaviour among humans. Therefore, moral judgement is merely a formation of the mind and is susceptible to sentiments.

The paper pays special attention to the main views and values of each author as to what constitutes legitimate governments, the power of such governments and the limitations of the power and authority of legitimate [...]

Experiences, the level of information, the uniqueness of the situation and urgency of the matter are some of the factors that influence decision making.

The natural right to property according to Locke was affected by the application of labor to a certain piece of land.

These have followed the adoption of different famous philosophers' tenets of morality and human values leading to the development of codes such as human rights, the constitution, the law morals and ethics. The nature of [...]

Therefore, it is impossible to demarcate science from non-science on a case-by-case basis because they are integrated fields of study and knowledge that are interdependent. For scientific field to expand, it must delve into the [...]

One approach is the materialist approach which asserts that consciousness and the brain are one and the same thing, thus the brain is the process of the brain.

The main concepts of the social contract theory, the utilitarian theory and the virtue theory can be used or explaining the main principles of the journalist professional code and providing a deeper insight into its [...]

According to Wolf, the deep self is than inner part of a human that has the ability to control the desires, values and is responsible for self reflection.

Gandhi did not believe that an action is right if it promotes greatest good for the greatest number of people; far from it, he believed in moral actions that lead to the greatest good for [...]

In Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilych, Peter Ivanovich experiences a chilling moment as he contemplates his own mortality in light of the long and painful period of torture and agony that befell his colleague [...]

The difference in the approaches assumed by Kant and Rousseau regarding the norms of liberty and moral autonomy determine the perspective of their theories of justice.

In Chomsky's opinion, the conclusion that the tyranny of the majority can threaten the rights of persons, including the rights for freedom of speech and conscience, was the result of confusion caused by the vague [...]

It foresees a society whereby gender neutrality will be tenable and that social responsibilities are not subject to the gender of an individual.

The arguments were mainly based on the idea that the perception for an object was in the perceiver and not the object.

The political idea compared is justice and equality, the paper tries to describe the ideas of the two scholars as far as justice is concerned.

Finally the paper examines on how the distinctions by the two periods agrees with the Kuhn's views i.e.to see if there is a correlation between the Kuhn's distinction of both the pre science and normal [...]

In spite of the fact that author takes the symbols rather as a notion than as an object, some researchers take it even further, expanding the meaning of a symbol to the whole culture.

Zarathustra sought to correct and transform the last man's understanding of the three notions of the soul: the body, the power of virtue and the spirit, so that he could have the real meaning and [...]

It is based on two principles: the first one says that one cannot be sure in his/her knowledge and there is not certain human knowledge; the second principle claims that all we know can only [...]

In this regard, people would not be the means for the mandate of heaven path and not the ends. In Confucianism, you would be wrong to rebel if you are not the Son of Heaven.

Because of his freedom the free man gets the privilege of comparing the two worlds and he is in a position to judge on what is real and what is not real. He insists that [...]

The restoration of religious institutions to earlier principles is necessitated by the retrogression in the same. Finally, the restoration of a religious institution to earlier principles has many positive effects.

Nonetheless, the duties and the very morality developed in one society can significantly differ from the norms accepted in another society, so it is impossible to state that ethical norms of a society correspond to [...]

The idea of harmony and respect of all human beings is a result of his Christian foundation as well as the philosophy of Gandhi that he encountered later on in his life.

On the other hand, atheist holds the position that evil experienced in the world is a clear indication that either this world is not the best to live or there is no such being as [...]

The character qualities that a person has are important to themselves and the people who they are in charge of. Machiavelli wrote about this a long time ago and so, many people of the modern [...]

The last theme is the concept of identity of being on the one hand, and thought in the teleological growth on the other.

According to Descartes, the supporter of the rationalist perspective and the author of the phrase "I think, therefore I am", declined the importance of emotional and sensuous perception of the world because it does not [...]

However, the major difference between the works of Hume and Collingwood in tackling the relevance of history to our human nature is clearly seen in their arguments.

At this point, the utilitarian theory is also associated with the tools that can provide individuals and community with happiness through recognition of felicity as the foundation of all human actions.

But to that particular end, it does not mean that it would not be important for him that the rest is false.

In order to understand Hume's critique of the belief in miracles, it is crucial to begin by defining what a miracle means.

Of course, the state should be governed by a group of people who are close to all other groups. Apart from acquiring certain facts and skills, young people should be taught the principles of morality.

Therefore, with reference to his definition of the sovereign and the general will, Rousseau was of the opinion that citizens had the obligation to attend the assemblies organized in order to deliberate upon their current [...]

The Cognitive Behavior and Self theories explore human nature in terms of material and spiritual aspects of life that determine the behavior of individuals.

The teacher, to the blind children, asked me to describe for the children what a cow is and what a Cat is.

Nevertheless, in light of recent discoveries in the field of neurology and psychology, many of his analytical insights, concerned with the justification of the idea that the metaphysical mode of cognizing the surrounding reality is [...]

The principle of inferring the existence and nature of God from the cosmic design is uncertain because the design of the universe is beyond human experience, and is useless because no one can revert and [...]

Adding determinism to free will, Ayer broke completely new grounds in philosophy by stating that there are three conditions that are required for making a choice fully based on the principle of free will in [...]

Secondly, the author of this paper agrees with Hegel on the issue that it is actually the role of philosophy to resolve the differences within the human consciousness through Absolutism.

In addition, I believe that Hobbes intended to put moral and political philosophy onto the scientific basis to attain knowledge and to illustrate his findings to others. By studying the behavior of individuals in this [...]

There is a tendency of us trying to play wise that we can not be cheated and in the process disqualifying everything and negating the existence of everything else as well.

According to the Treatise of Human Nature, Hume asserts that each belief that is subject to justification should be either a matter of fact or relation of ideas.

In spite of the fact that knowledge enhances the intellectual capacity of the people, it deprives them of the ability to think critically about the information that they have amassed.

At the same time, compatibilists stress that the free will exists as in the majority of cases people have a variety of options and they are often free to choose any way.

In the reflection, Ivan examined his past life and the values that he had lived by in all of his life.

In the end, the amount of goods and services that a person could get is limited. The laws and mutual help that exist in a civilized society show that people respect and value equality and [...]

Their views are mostly similar, agreeing on the concept that morality is a necessary part of human life and it should be guiding the actions and thoughts of every person. Immanuel Kant's theory is that [...]

This ancient philosophy concentrates on the balancing of the environment and Chi is a vital component of this study. This is the basic principle of the Feng Shui and it works even in the 21st [...]

Conclusively, though Hume argues that miracles violate the law of nature, it is necessary to note that law of nature does not rule out miracles as he suggests.

This is one of the main points that one can make in response to William Clifford's essay The Ethics of Belief.

The world is full of hardship that Hick considered not to have been made by a perfectly benevolent and powerful God.

The use of puppeteers by Plato inside the cave and things outside indicate that empirical discoveries never penetrate the ideal realm of truth thus calling for the need to move outside the cave.[2] The third [...]

That is they believe that religion is the bedrock of ethics and that religious persons are individuals with immense moral principles.

This can be seen from the honor that a man is regarded or the rank or reputation a person holds in the society.

One of the arguments that the author makes is that "the normative force is the same for everyone and known by all".

Completed and published in 1689, the essay was revolutionary since it was in direct opposition to the traditional understanding of knowledge at the time.

Nevertheless, as of today, this effectively ceased to be the case, because: a) the realities of a post-industrial living render the classical concept of a statehood/law hopelessly outdated; b) the recent discoveries in the fields [...]

Of course, this is regardless of the nature and kind of the society in investigation. The general knowledge is that natural law helps in the development and proper establishment of the eternal law.

Taking the Argument with a Grain of Salt: Concerning the Existing Objections To address the issue in question in the most efficient way, the existing contradictions to the teleological argument must be considered.

The Christian religion argues that obedience is one of the virtues that lead to salvation and an afterlife with one's creator. Such a view serves to ignore the entire nature of obedience and disobedience.

The perceptions that influence the validity of the direct realism theory have a great impact on understanding the reality. Through the information that is relayed from the material object to the mind through sensory nerves, [...]

In that case, the fall of humans was viewed as a manifestation of the weakness found in human beings. To support that claim, Hick asserted that human beings were created not in the "likeness" of [...]

These arguments seek to find out the explanation of what exists in the world, and if this really testifies to the existence of a higher power, namely, God.

Descartes also argues that the body cannot exist without a mind; however, the mind can endure the annihilation of the body to which it is paired.

Aristotle notes that "the attainment of the good for one man alone is, to be sure, a source of satisfaction; yet to secure it for a nation and for states is nobler and more divine".

Dealing with people and trying to combat them, it is important to be aware of their abilities as the outcome of the battle also depends on whether one knows the strengths and weaknesses of an [...]

For instance, those who endorse the thesis that determinism depicts compatibility with moral responsibility and free will and the thesis of determinism have also been shown to endorse the thesis of freedom.

Chaos theory explains the rationale of chaotic events in the world. Chaos theory explains the rationale of chaotic events in the world.

Second, the theory of deontology embraces the concept of duty and adherence to rule. However, this theory does not refer to physical happiness, but that of the mind and soul.

However, the world is full of inconsistencies and imperfections and, therefore, the existence of the best possible world refutes the idea of God's perfection.

Far from that, Hegel's thought on social mediation of freedom consists of the parochial universality of the family, the ethical criticism, the dissolution of the family competitive, and self-seeking formal individualism that is manifest in [...]

He claims that giving a certain amount to Bengal would result to suffering of individuals and their dependants, which will correspond to the suffering he relieved in Bengal.

Socrates is one of the great thinkers of all times owing to the fact that his philosophy shaped the Greek's tread of thoughts. Socrates believed that he was the gadfly of the society and the [...]

The problem with this explanation is that Anselm already assumes that God has reached a state of perfection in the beginning of his ontological argument. Anselm's argument is also based on the premise that it [...]

Years after the era of debates on whether scientific investigation or a prior method should be used as a cornerstone of philosophy and the means to obtain a crystal clear truth, it seems that the [...]

If stretched to its logical maximum, the given idea leads to the suggestion that the entire world is merely a figment of someone's imagination.

In his essay The Ethics of Belief, William Clifford argued that every form of belief had to be based on some evidence or inquiry.

By this, the version emphasizes the idea that the government should consider coming up with rules and regulations that protect the right of an individual's set of properties.

The most notable aspect of the ideology is the fact that beliefs exist when there is evidence. I strongly believe that the theory, which is based on having sufficient evidence to support a belief, is [...]

Confucius says that passing of knowledge to people is the work of government. According to Confucius, good government should take the needs of the people into consideration by doing the right things and upholding virtuous [...]

The generation of wealth is the collective duty of every member of the society, and rules of justice only seek to enhance the ownership and distribution of these resources.

The movement of the prisoner from initial position of imprisonment to exploring the interior of the cave and then to studying reflections from water to stars and sky during the night followed by discovery of [...]

The description of the cave as well as that of the situation of the prisoners shows that they are mistaken on the idea of truth and reality.

This dilemma and the main actions of the main character can be discussed from several perspectives, for instance, one can mention, the ethics of David Hume and the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The cornerstone [...]

It goes without saying that the major dilemma of the film is the one State's Attorney Henry Harvey, the protagonist of the film, has to face.

In addition, in this piece, I present my philosophical understanding of the "problem of evil, the existence of God, free will, the mind and body relation, human knowledge and the question of being".

According to Pizzitola: Law was enacted to safeguard members of society from aggression; to institute the rules that would ensured community was united; to develop the community upon conditions raised by community members; to make [...]

Answering the question of the origin of evil, John Hick accentuates the peculiarities of the soul-making project and the necessity of evil for the development of the humans' souls with references to the possibility of [...]

The three by-words of the Enlightenment are Reason that is a belief that employs common sense or reason that the world would improve; Autonomy, which is a belief that people would realize freedom and natural [...]

The major difference between good morality and bad morality according to Nietzsche is that good morality is connected to nobility and bad morals are linked to the common man and simplicity.

The second way or of coming to the conclusion that an action is moral is through the emotive response that the action imparts on people in a society.

The no choice statement provides that if a person lacks choice in relation to p, and also lacks choice in relation to whether if p, then q, then there is no choice in relation to [...]

Therefore, a miracle is an extraordinary happening occurring in the physical world that surpasses the natural capabilities and powers known to human beings.

The thinker argues that philosophers bring to the fore trends and outlooks existing in the human society. Some may argue that there is no point in listening to philosophers, reading their works as people will [...]

Ultimately, if it is not possible to model a human brain which functions well, then it can be argued that humans are devoid of free will and that unpredictability is a fruit of chaos, and [...]

The main aim of Moore's essay is to explain that if there are some reasons not to believe that external objects exist; the author is to convince people of physical things existence before they understand [...]

The first level appeals to a part of the human soul that focuses on reason while the second part appeals to the part of the human soul that follows reason.

Regarding the Ship of Theseus, the ship changed a lot but it remained the same in terms of its properties. Equally, Y could be said to be the same as Z in terms of properties.

His appeal is on behalf of not just the unsuccessful and downtrodden but of the criminal and degraded classes and a condemnation of what passes for 'justice', divine and human.

However, the fact that there are many actions that people engage in, Aristotle argues that their ends are countless. Aristotle concludes that happiness is the key principle that causes people to practice virtues such as [...]

On the one hand, the opponents of the hard determinism state that free will exists and people do not base their own decisions on anything, however, it is possible to say that the decision was [...]

The puzzle enlightens the human mind on what the limitations of the mind on knowledge are. In the puzzle, there is no human being when the tree falls; hence the puzzle is if the tree [...]

In the sciences, new ways of thinking often spearhead the detection of new data or facts. A counterclaim made by some individuals to this argument is that the discovery of new facts led to the [...]

According to Epicurus, a debauched kind of pleasure is not the type of pleasure he was talking about since this type of pleasure only ends in the moment of enjoyment.

The main aim of the paper is to compare and contrast the principles set forth by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke with regards to the fundamental purpose of political society and the state of nature.

For example, Plato used to refer to the notion of morality as being synonymous to the notion of justice: "True' city and the corrupted city are put forward for us as models of human nature [...]

Therefore, it is important to first respect the rights of others, as according to the letter of the law, and then to promote one's beliefs in a non violent manner in order to promote democratic [...]

For a person to be seen as just, he or she ought to be a good person and the crucial question here is to know what good is.

At the same time, according to Socrates, the process of people growing ever more knowledgeable of surrounding reality and their place in it has the value of 'thing in itself'.

Occasionally, the carriers of the objects speak to one another, but their voices reach the prisoners in form of echoes from the wall ahead of them.

Thus, how is knowledge of ignorance, in Descartes' meditation and Socrates' the allegory of cave, fruitful in understanding the existence and real meaning of life?

Therefore, in his experience, Descartes believed that confusion or absolute lack of knowledge is necessary to spearhead the search for truth about objects within the context of the world.

Rawls asserts that for equality to take place, the activities have to better lives of people who are worse off in terms of improvement of living standards and empowerment of disadvantaged members to levels which [...]

The prisoners are only able to see the shadow of the puppets on the wall of the cave-their only way of being acquainted to the outside world.

In the era of ancient Greece, approximately forty years before the commencement of the Peloponnesian battles, an infant by the name of Socrates was brought into the world.

Christians believe in the existence of a God who is considered to have willed the existence of all that there is.

This paper will thus discuss why Philosophy major is needed in curriculum to teach students- who will later assume important roles in the social and business sectors- on the value of ethics in the society.

The most basic needs were at the bottom of the pyramid which was of a physiological nature, fundamental to the survival of the human body.