Philosophy Essay Examples and Topics. Page 2
Augustine claims that the solution of evil is to do the right thing and to abstain from wrongdoing. He claims that evil results from a man trying to equal himself to God.
Trying Out One's New Sword is a story about refuting the theory of moral isolationism and barriers that divide the world into independent units with their values and traditions.
In many cultures, there is a tendency towards isolation and spiritual loneliness to distract oneself from the bustle of the outside world.
According to Marx, that is called the externalization of a worker in his product. A man does not choose the productive activity, he is a part of it only because he is forced to he [...]
Finally, Emerson speaks about the importance of action for the scholar as a thinking man and explores the duties of such a man.
The first aspect of Aristotelian defense of justice, which is crucial to discuss, is the fact that, according to the philosopher, justice is relative to others.
The questions related to searching for the sense of life and exploring the nature of existence are regarded as the ones that all human beings were looking the answers for since the beginning of the [...]
Heidegger concludes that authenticity is temporary as opposed to inauthenticity because we are born with the former and achieves the later after some time Nietzsche on his view argues that authenticity is the elementary mode [...]
This is to mean that the life of a person is what makes up what is referred to as the person's 'essence'.
Machiavelli provided opportunities to scholars and readers to understand a political system purged of irrelevant influences of ethics in order to comprehend the basis of politics in useful use of power. Machiavelli introduced another principle [...]
In order to develop a sufficient understanding of what this proposition means, it is necessary to recognize the specifics of the philosopher's approach to philosophy and how it relates to practical life.
The article situates the reasoning of Hegel in two articles, one being the Second Sex by Simone and the other is the modern woman as a subject by Fanon.
Socrates defined the concepts of evil and good, assuming the achievement of the goals of self-knowledge as the highest virtue. In disputes, Socrates sought to prove the practicality and reasonableness of the world and a [...]
The ideas which do not resemble the objects that caused them are the ones of secondary qualities: sound, color, odor, and taste.
In this concept, Gramsci includes the ideas of common and good sense. A better understanding of the common and the good sense contributes to the in-depth comprehension of Gramsci's philosophy.
Following Descartes' argument, the mind is independent of the body yet eye witness testimony relies on a judgment that has to be internalized as memory on the mind.
The goal of this essay is to seek enlightenment that Life is a sea of misery, and sorrow gives sense to life. There is a grand addition to the meaning of life.
The first example of a moral controversy that he uses is the case of baby Theresa. From this example, Rachels is trying to illustrate the issue of alternatives in the moral decision.
The conceptual relationship between the stories of Broyard and Toews should not be limited to the meaning of life but expanded to the feeling of inevitability that is depicted in different ways, the intentions to [...]
In addition, Koerth-Baker gives examples of the bombing of 9/11 with President Bush and the use of condoms in relation to high spread of HIV in Africa.
He asserts that the duration of an activity and the intensity of pleasure are very important in measuring the levels of pleasure.
From the perspective of the Opposites Arguments, if the physical body is mortal and physical, the soul is immortal and, therefore, it should not die.
As the relevance and the appropriateness of the metaphor are established, it is of paramount significance to consider the different aspects of the question in a meaningful and judicious manner.
Without the body of the argument, the title expresses that there is a form of lying that is not considered immoral.
Everyone, including the leaders was under the umbrella of proper morals, which he said, was the linen from which the peace of the country was to be made.
In the words of Kant, utilitarianism cannot be used as a yardstick in the evaluation of human actions because it is not universal.
Hume proposes two main concepts in this book: the concept of impressions and the concept of ideas. Surprisingly, this concept of cause and effect closely resembles the modern scientific ideas of cause and effect.
This especially comes out well in the case of Aristippus who believed in satisfying his craving for pleasure in the present as opposed to postponing them to the future.
According to Williams, libertarians are of the view that free will is rationally incompatible with the concept of determinism, and that a deterministic world may be rationally impossible or false.
The spiritual world for people means the immortality of their souls, which is in general highly important from the point of view of religion and philosophy.
A person did not choose to be born, she or he was introduced to the absurdism and chaos of the world. Thus, a person is left alone, and she or he is the only one [...]
This is a philosophy of education that views the world as it is. In addition, it is founded on the principle that reality is what we see and judge as to the truth.
He also explains that we as humans tend to relate to things based on our perception and not on a neutral basis; as quoted, "Nature always wears the colors of the spirit".
The main aim of this paper is to look into the arguments presented by Rene Descartes and David Hume on the issue of the self.
The moral and intellectual pleasures were considered to be "highest pleasures", and the experiences, that caused satisfaction of flesh were considered to be "lower pleasures". The pleasures of the majority, in that case, are considered [...]
This paper discusses how both Daoism and Legalism differ from Confucianism on the issues of family, human nature, education, role of ruler, role of government, and role of individual.
Therefore, act utilitarianism is better than virtue ethics since it is clear, concise, and focuses on the majority. Virtue ethics' strengths can be utilized to enhance the act-utilitarianism theory.
The positive legal norm which does not correspond to the high-frequency behavior of the living law is the one that ought not to be.
He states that for an individual to nurture a certain virtue, one ought to partake in activities that resemble the virtue.
The ability to wonder about the world and construct these enduring questions is the first trait a philosopher should have. The presence of the Socratic Method, which is asking questions to improve conclusions and general [...]
This philosophical concept proposes to evaluate the set research tasks and allows for pluralism of opinions, which helps expand the boundaries of analysis and, at the same time, assess the infinity of the cognition process.
A few early Greek philosophers of the 6th century BCE began forming theories about the natural formations of the cosmos that went beyond the commonly held beliefs of the divine beings in the sky2.
On the other hand, he was of the opinion that knowledge is an aspect of power and that power is able to produce knowledge as opposed to acting as a deterrent to it.
To be more particular about the two types above of ethics, virtue ethics can be defined as the type of ethics that "focuses on the character traits and nonobligatory ideas that facilitate the development of [...]
Kant's objection to the ontological argument stems from his view of the concept that a being that is conceived in the human mind, and which exists in the real world, is superior to an idea [...]
Specifically, Freud invented the subconscious part of the mind, the superego, which helps in analyzing how one thinks, in other words, evaluating the correctness of the thinking. On the part of the ego, Sartre acknowledges [...]
Post structuralism in teaching can be regarded as critical in the modern world since it is diversified and ideas are used in respect to the way they are expressed or brought to existence.
The ethics in Kantianism are deontological in nature which is based on the duty of the person instead of the emotional feelings and the goals.
Therefore, it seems that the Glorious Revolution was more of a revelation for the people of their power to choose and to change.
To establish the reason for the many scientific researches on the origin of the universe, it is prudent to explain the theory all works of science seem to tear apart, The Creationism Theory.
The philosophy of existentialism though difficult and abstract gives explanation to most of the questions that we ask ourselves as we go through life.
It is possible for one to live in a state of tranquility or ataraxia when one limited oneself to the necessary and natural things of life.
Apart from the liberation theology, which resulted in a political uprising in the country forcing him to left the country, the other works of Freire include 'The Pedagogy of the Oppressed' and 'Education as the [...]
Dealing with people and trying to combat them, it is important to be aware of their abilities as the outcome of the battle also depends on whether one knows the strengths and weaknesses of an [...]
As they argue with Socrates on the issue of injustice, Thrasymachus says that justice "is nothing more than the advantage of the stronger". According to them, the cardinal aim of Thrasymachus is to prove that [...]
Overall, the quintessence of Frankl's argument regarding the mystery of God and human beings can be seen in his theory of logotherapy that shows people as living entities who find satisfaction in searching for the [...]
The theory of recollection was an answer to Meno's paradox that states that man needs not learn anything new as what they know is enough, and what they do not know are not necessary.
In summary, becoming is seen as the special case of being. The research on philosophy of being and becoming was confusing in defining the clear distinction between the two concepts.
I think the significance of metaphysic in philosophy is to explain the meaning of things that do not change. In such context, the society is observed as an individual.
In Plato's opinion, because the guardian class would be the judge of the people, there would be no need for laws, and this would make it easier to run the city.
Moreover, the shift to the new paradigm means significant changes in the scientists' perception of the world, and in their scientific 'imagination'; thus, the focus on the new paradigm means changes in the scientists' world [...]
The test for universal acceptance involve: determining the agent's maxim; imagining that everyone in the same position as the real-world agent observed that maxim; deciding if there is any contradictions generated from the maxim; if [...]
Another way of understanding the concept of truth is through looking at it on the grounds of whether it is absolute or relative.
God exists as it is the beginning of everything, as God is necessary just for the personal existence and this is the beginning of other issues which may be possibly exist or not as well [...]
One of the fundamental concerns of social and political philosophy has been the topic of what levels of restrictions if any, should be placed on the liberty of a nation's inhabitants.
Both virtue and vice build one's character and therefore can contribute to the view of happiness. Therefore, character education leads to happiness that is equal to the amount of wisdom and virtue.
In order to form a solid basis on how the two theories visualize the ability of man to reason, it is important to have a valid understanding of the theories themselves.
Religious leaders also pray for the body and the soul of the dead but lay a lot of emphasis on the soul.
Apart from the fact that he said Confucianism was responsible for the wars that were beleaguering the country; he also was extremely critical of morals and societal rotting that he witnessed.
Many of the writings of the Young Hegelians focused on the refutation of religion and need to replace religion with philosophy as the moral criterion for the society and means for understanding history.
Nietzsche in the seventh maxim asks whether man is a result of the erroneous work of God or God is the error of man.
The only way the truth will be concealed and still lead to happiness is when the truth is substituted with a lie.
Although Camus and Nagel agree that absurdity plays the great role in the human life, the thinkers' views are rather contradictory, and Nagel's argument seems to be more convincing because the author focuses on the [...]
However, according to the article, it is imperative to note that neither reason nor the quest for evidence started with the ancient Greeks, but the pre-Socratic philosophers endeavored to identify a single underlying standard that [...]
For Augustine, God was the source of all forms, and subsequently, all of the objects and phenomena existing in the physical world were manifestations of the ideals kept in the mind of God.
According to the Bible, a tree of life was created by God in the middle of the Garden of Eden. In the Iroquois Creation Story, a tree was growing in the middle of the floating [...]
Thus, Confucius formulated the measure of human virtue and stressed the importance of learning and love in the human life: "The nature and duties of the human being must be studied diligently and cultivated, he [...]
It may be supposed that justice and honesty as the one unqualifiedly moral virtue, could fulfill the role of the fundamental virtue as it can also be noticed in the case of righteousness, the general [...]
Susan Wolf answers this question by saying that free will is compatible with moral responsibility; moreover, it is a necessary condition of the latter. Thus, uniform for all concept of free will in its correlation [...]
This interpretation would assume that creation was the sole prerogative of the Father as the first person of the Trinity, and the funciton of the Holy Spirit was "limited to being passively present". It is [...]
Inner peace is achieved when there is no conflict within the three most important aspects of a person, that is the body, mind, and soul. Peace is the absence of conflict or violence, within a [...]
It is the epitome of thinking and as it was described by the London times, "the great virtue of philosophy is that it teaches not what to think, but how to think".
Paley based his argument on the complex nature of the watch and magnified the reasoning in regards to the designing of the universe and its complex organisms.
As far as the body and the soul interacted, Plato also commented on the things that the soul could be influenced by the work or the actions of the body.
Although he agreed that wrongdoers in the society were supposed to be punished, he did not agree with Spencer that this punishment was supposed to be meted on the poor and defenseless in the society.
The allegory is preceded by the analogy of the divided line and metaphor of the son. Descartes is considered to be one of the greatest rationalists.
They include the view of justice that forms the basis of Socrates' criticism and the reason why the philosopher found Cephalus and Polemarchus definitions and views of justice unsatisfactory.
Plato was of the view that Socrates was accused falsely of inciting the youths against the ruling class yet he was the righteous person in society.
For example, in the first paragraph, the narrator depicts the serenity that is characteristic of the city in the morning. As the story unfolds, the narrator delineates the reason behind the child's suffering, thereby giving [...]
Described by Maya Angelou as the most important of all the virtues because without courage you cannot practice any other virtue consistently", it is composed of different types, including physical courage, moral courage, social courage, [...]
The main objective is to convince the other and win. However, the objects may be between what is true and what is not.
Kant was born in the East Prussian city of Konigsberg to a family of a craftsman; he was the fourth of eleven children.
Immanuel Kant was largely affected by the death of his mother as he was only 13 years old at the time of her death.
Confucius taught that the role of the elders is to teach the youth and the role of the youth is to learn from the elders.
The concept of an ideal life forms the core of utopia according to Saint Thomas More who developed it in the beginning of the 16th century.
The main accusations that played a significant role in Socrates' death sentence were the accusations of impiety and corrupting the young people of Athens.
It is apparent that Nagel's account of sexual perversion and the application of his theory omits masturbation, which is a contentious form of sexual activities.
However, since it is very similar to others and has similar characteristics, a person categorizes it with the rest of the leaves.
Deriving from the above distinction, leisure is the time at one's disposal to perform the non-routine activities and is usually rooted in the mind.
Finally the paper examines on how the distinctions by the two periods agrees with the Kuhn's views i.e.to see if there is a correlation between the Kuhn's distinction of both the pre science and normal [...]
In this essay, I shall define the success strategies that I have discovered and which I intend to use in the coming years to achieve success.
The reality of knowledge depends on its justifiability; that is, epistemology tends to question the truth behind human knowledge hence, through such understanding, individuals are able to form a basis of comprehending any piece of [...]
A hypothetical imperative is conditional with command applied to us at our will and the end of it is willed while categorical imperative is unconditional where our will is exercised in a particular manner with [...]
The classic status of "The Tourist" by Dean MacCannell can be justified today, because this study can explain the intentions of even modern tourists; it pays due attention to cultural issues, which is always topical, [...]
The most difficult thing is getting to know the truth, to know the truth it takes a lot and there is no prescribed procedure getting to know the same.
The philosophers justified the criticisms made against the western culture and with time, post-structuralism emerged and exposed the norms and cultures of the western society. The people that led to the emergence of post-structuralism were [...]
Therefore, the first element of viewing death is evil that the author examines is the contrast of this occurrence to life, which is perceived as good.
The first reason why people can choose to be happy is that even in sad circumstances, they can remember positive experiences and improve their mood. Despite the circumstances, it is possible to remain happy when [...]
It is in the form of a dialogue. Arjuna is the prince of Pandava.
In addition, the article reveals that the concepts of 'the right to be sure that' and 'has adequate evidence for' only work if the element of 'justified true belief' is not introduced in an analysis.
In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, there is much darkness in the cave and only very little light can be found in this place and it is so hard for a person who is in [...]
In spite of the infinite reproaches, debates and libels made against his observation, Galilei Galileo disapproved the endured concept that the earth was the epicenter of the world. The untiring doubt might give rise to [...]
What is important to note at this point is that both philosophers rejected the notions of free will and determinism albeit in varying levels and for different reasons.
Aristotle focuses on the distinction between the unobservable and observables, the content and structure of observation reports, and the epistemic importance of observational evidence for the theories he aims to access.
In the case of the question about reality, Plato offered insightful knowledge and a framework to understand the nature of reality.
From any perspective, the two disciplines agree to some extent that human beings form the subject of the quest for knowledge. The study of philosophical anthropology helps in understanding the nature of humankind concerning the [...]
Among this view's foremost weaknesses is named the fact that it is based upon the philosopher's belief in the existence of God.
Nietzsche praised the master moralities as the strong values that lead to onward development and evolutionary growth of mankind while he blamed the slave moralities for the weak and decadent nature of the society.
It can be noted that in all cases suffering was seen as evil in some quarters of the ancient world as is seen today.
Weiss argues that Plato used the argument by Socrates that true philosophers hate the pleasures of the body, for example, drinks, sex, and food.