Psychology Essay Examples and Topics. Page 11

4,904 samples

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Child Development

The website also describes Piaget's four stages of child development. The website also explains why Piaget managed to present the best ideas and arguments.
  • Subjects: Developmental Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 496

Stress, Its Causes and Effects Relationship

Understanding the diverse nature of the causes of the stress is crucial to the effective elimination of its effects, as these two factors heavily depend on each other.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 663

Matrix Table and Personality Analysis

According to Horney, personality can affect the situational behavior only with references to the ideas and visions acquired and developed during the childhood as the result of definite cultural and social factors' impacts.
  • Subjects: Psychology and Personality
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1963

Child Innocence and Child Sexuality

In schools, the authorities were constantly vigilant regarding the sexual activity of students: The space for classes, the shape of the tables, the planning of the recreation lessons, the distribution of the dormitories, the rules [...]
  • Subjects: Child Psychology
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2067

John Santrock Life Span Views and Experiences

Specifically, Santrock zeros in on the management of vast volumes of content that is intrinsic to life span development and the assurance of its dependability on assigned material in the learning.
  • Subjects: Developmental Theories
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1986

Neurophysiological and Evolutionary Theories

While the brain plays a critical role in major processes of an individual, the concept of learning has occurred seamlessly throughout the lives of species. Hence, learning in this situation may depend on the power [...]
  • Subjects: Developmental Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1121

Positive Psychology: Positive Coping Definition

Methods of positive coping include proactive coping, social coping and meaning-focused coping. Positive coping improves the social, psychological, and physical wellbeing of individuals.
  • Subjects: Psychology and Personality
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 563

Empathy and Its Development

This means that they have no time left to listen to the woes of other people, to comfort those who are in pain, and to help them come of the problems surrounding them.
  • Subjects: Cognition and Perception
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1160

Relationship Between Depression and Sleep Disturbance

It was emphasized that persistent disturbance, its severity, and the intermittent nature of the sleep were not associated with depression and its recurrence in the following years. The sleeping disturbance is a risk factor that [...]
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1411

Influence: the Psychology of Persuasion

Persuasion is the act of influencing or convincing a person to undertake a particular action or subscribe to a certain belief through the transmission of a message.
  • Subjects: Cognition and Perception
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 588

Good Parents Traits and Raising Children – Psychology

Some of the traits of a good parent include being a good listener, readiness to guide, self-discipline, setting time aside to spend with the children, and meeting the physical needs of children. In addition, good [...]
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 641

Symptoms of Schizoaffective Disorder in Murder

Researchers in psychiatry, psychology, and criminology have devoted a lot of their time to the study of the relationship between crime and psychosis.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3305

Psychology of Happiness in the World

Psychology of happiness touches on various fields of social and cultural life and seeks to interfere with the lives of individuals for improving their talents and endowing their normal existence with greater meaning.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1115

Developmental Psychology: Designing Educational Toys

Nwokah argues that the educational value of a toy depends on the stage of development of the kid and that toys should be designed in such a way that they align with the child's developmental [...]
  • Subjects: Developmental Theories
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2425

Cognitive Dissonance and Its Reduction

The author of the article isolated the element of 'habituation' as a major contributor to the manifestation of cognitive reduction. The experiment that is described in the article seeks to establish the various levels of [...]
  • Subjects: Cognition and Perception
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1408

Expectancy Theory in Motivation Psychology

According to the theory suggested by Vroom, which would later on be called the Expectancy Theory, the behavior of a person is largely predetermined by the consequences that their behavior is going to have.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 864

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – Psychology

This paper mainly addresses some of the characteristics of OCD, what contribute it, the kind of people who are likely to attract the disease, types of treatment of the disorder, and how it affects a [...]
  • 3
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1390

Sexual Abuse on Erin Merryn

The Megan's Law responds to violent crimes on children driven by sex through a public notification as an approach to preventing predatory children sexual abuse.
  • Subjects: Psychology of Abuse
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 579

Smile Role in the Mental and Physical Health

The best side associated with a smile as a pain killer is that it is free of cost and can be expressed anytime and anywhere, alone or with people.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1818

Behavioral Study of Obedience by Stanley Milgram

This reputation lent the study as an element of legitimacy in the sight of the subjects. Preliminary experiments that led up to the study were conducted in the year 1960 under the sponsorship of Yale [...]
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 940

Adlerian Theory in the Group Counseling

As the chairperson of the group, I started the meeting with my co-facilitator by establishing the rules and informing members that everything to be discussed should be confidential.
  • Subjects: Psychological Principles
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 918

Social Anxiety Disorder Causes and Symptoms

Also referred to as social phobia, social anxiety disorder is a psychological condition that is associated with the constant fear of surrounding social conditions.
  • 3
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1412

Evolution of Cognitive Psychology

The study of the mind contributed to the publication of the first textbook in cognitive psychology by Ulric Neisser, and the emergence of a group of scientists interested in investigating human perception, thinking, attention, language, [...]
  • Subjects: Cognition and Perception
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1126

Behavior Matters in Our Life

Based on the identified facts, probable strategies that can be a doped to help in mitigation of the problem of bad behavior are choice direction and description of obvious realities in life.
  • 4
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1688

Dichotomy of the Body and Mind

Thus, the body is a danger to the mind. It is the mind that ensures control of the body, thus the mind is able to survive within the body.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1181

Value and need as organizing factors in perception

This is attributed to the fact that a person is made up of an intricate dynamical system. From the information present in the article, it is evident that perception never imitates reality.
  • Subjects: Social Psychology Deviations
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 827

Breaking the Chains of Cocaine Addiction

The greatest inducement is the mere believe that cocaine increases energy and productivity but the worst mistake is forgetting the negative effects attached to it. Cocaine converts the user to the control of its use [...]
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1471

Importance of Parenting Concepts

In this case, the child is aware of the conflict transpiring between parents and may be torn between whom to follow and who not to.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Child Psychology
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2199

Family and Marriage Therapy

The theory explains clearly how change is brought about because it suggests that the main objective of the therapist is to advice the client on how to achieve the best results in the future using [...]
  • Subjects: Family Psychology
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1898

Structural Family Therapy

A chance to work with children and their families proved the idea that family therapy had to be based on trust and loyalty to the ideas; and the role of a therapist should not be [...]
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 2834

Music Effects on the Brain

However, listening to music has the ability to inspire the hormones and raise the levels of these elements to equilibrium, making the brain to work optimally.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2251

Definition of Developmental Psychology

Developmental psychology is a branch of science which researches and analyses the main peculiarities and stages of the development of a human being.
  • Subjects: Development
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 868

Interview of a Marriage and Family Therapist

The Process of Resolving the Ethical Dilemma and the Acquired Training The process of resolving the dilemma followed a procedure that stressed on the actions and their consequences.
  • Subjects: Family Psychology
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1499

Interview With a Licensed Mental Health Counselor

The interviewee acknowledged that burnout is a normal part of practice and anybody planning to become a licensed mental health counselor should be prepared to face burnout and deal with it in a manner that [...]
  • Subjects: Behavior Management
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 580

Importance of Counseling Skills Essay

As earlier mentioned, counseling is a vocational process that requires a lot of passion and application of certain skills by a counselor, in order to achieve success. Therefore, I foresee struggle to master the skill [...]
  • 3
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 602

Psychoanalytic Approach to Family Counselling

Williams adds that in the second phase of the therapy, a client is assessed based on the relationship so far existent with the therapist to determine reaction against the prevailing conditions on the influence of [...]
  • Subjects: Psychologists
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2870

Kelly’s cognitive theory

This aspect forms the foundation of the terminology of personal constructs which refers to the different ways in which individuals collect information and with the support of their understanding, use it to predict events.
  • Subjects: Cognition and Perception
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1498

12 Angry Men: Overview and Analysis

However, in spite of the main theme of legitimacy discussed in the movie, some important aspects of the social psychology can be discussed using the examples of relations and interactions between the characters of the [...]
  • Subjects: Challenges of Psychology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 580

Value Neutrality for a counselor

For clients to be satisfied with the services that counselors are offering them there should accommodation of diverse arguments and opinions. This is because it can make them hold different expectations of clients that they [...]
  • Subjects: Challenges of Psychology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 663

Productive & Counterproductive Work Behavior

Counterproductive behavior can be described as employee behavior that is always against the wishes of the organizations as far as goals and objectives are concerned.
  • Subjects: Behavior Management
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 634

Bloom’s Taxonomy and Critical Thinking

As of the strong sides of this approach, these are the clear definition of the stages of cognitive operations and the distinction that is made between them.
  • Subjects: Challenges of Psychology
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 993

Organizational Behavior: Building Effective Internal Relations

It is applicable in the sense that the relationship between personality and behavior has been brought out in the interview to indicate the delicate interplay in determining the affects of change in an organization.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1708

Review of Systems Theory

The concepts of this theory shall be evaluated to measure the extent to which it can be applied into the practice of marriage and family therapy.
  • Subjects: Developmental Theories
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1504

Abraham Maslow and the Start of His Career

The evidence of the needs for love and belonging was the desire of human beings to have families and be recognized by the community members as part of the community.
  • Subjects: Psychologists
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 3026

The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem-Solving

In the preparation step, the person involved in problem-solving begins by identifying the problem before gathering information regarding the possible solutions to the problem through conscious thinking.
  • Subjects: Challenges of Psychology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 579

Educational Psychology in Learning and Teaching

Thus, this course has significantly helped me as a teacher in studying and applying modern research methodologies and suppositions, practices and plans which emphasize on the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods in improving [...]
  • Subjects: Challenges of Psychology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 785

Eriksonian paradigm of stage development

Information for the assignment is got through a face to face interview, and is used to determine the extent to which Erickson's theory is effective. This implies that personality is complex and cannot be limited [...]
  • Subjects: Developmental Theories
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2794

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Model

To understand more about Maslow's hierarchy of needs model, the literature review is created with the purpose to consider the implementation and the theoretical value of the model under discussion.
  • Subjects: Psychologists
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2217

Personality Formation

Burr's assertion highlights the fact that the presence of people is crucial towards the formation of personality. Personality formation is as a result of ongoing social interactions and the prevailing social relations.
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2226

Elements of interpersonal relationships

It should be known that it is a wonderful experience to be in a relationship and this is what makes interpersonal relationships an integral part of our lives.
  • Subjects: Interpersonal Communication Episodes
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 683

Intercultural Communication Perspectives

These include the definition of intercultural communication and an overview of the contents involved in teaching it; it also provides a brief overview of personal experience as a teacher in an intercultural learning institution.
  • Subjects: Interpersonal Communication Episodes
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 3050

A Review and Comparison of the Personality Tests

Critiques of personality testing point to the fact that it is quite possible for potential employees to fake their responses on a test in order to give a better response, that performance in a company [...]
  • Subjects: Applications of Psychology
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1693

Experience in Problem Solving

Logical or analytical thinking skills include, comparing, ordering, selecting and evaluating which provide an agenda for problem solving that helps to decide on the best alternative solution, identify the problem, gather formation, choose the cause [...]
  • Subjects: Applications of Psychology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 488

Love and Relationship

Humans have always asked inexplicable questions about love such as, "Why do we fall in love?" or "What makes us love others?" We may not necessarily have perfect answers for all the questions regarding love [...]
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 910

One-Way MANOVA Data Analysis

616 whereas the mean for those who had plans of joining a teacher college was the same as that of students who had plans of joining university i.e.10.
  • Subjects: Applications of Psychology
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2868

Antisocial Personality Disorder Effects

This essay aims at comparing the differences between the consequences of the condition to an individual and to a relationship. To an individual, the cost of antisocial behavior is long term.
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1138

Fisher’s Personal Transition Curve

Thereafter, an individual comes to the stage of denial. The subsequent stage leads to better understanding of an individual's real level of competency relative to the essential level.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Development
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 215

Personality Types and Their Assessment

Even though there are only four basic methods to consider the specifics of human psychics, the lack of cohesion between the personality types defined with the help of these methods, as well as the fact [...]
  • Subjects: Psychology and Personality
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 883

The Role of the Brain in Cognition

His brain injury is used in the field of psychology to understand and explain the functioning of the human brain with regard to cognition.
  • Subjects: Cognition and Perception
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 838

Report Writing About Depression

There is concrete evidence that many people in Australia tend to believe that depression is the cause of all suicide deaths in the world, but this not true.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1094

Cyber Bullying and Its Forms

The difference between the conventional way of bullying and cyber bullying is that in conventional bullying, there is contact between the bully and the victim.
  • Subjects: Psychology of Abuse
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 608

Sigmund Freud on Hysteria

In the Psychoanalytic Theory, unconscious processes take place in the form of slips of the mind, dreams and visions along with forgotten memories that still linger in the mind and implicit knowledge.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 818

Objecting to David Armstrong’s Behaviorism

This inability to explain simple and irreducible mental processes is a major weakness of the Behaviorists' account of the mind. Given these shortcomings, Behaviorism is a weak and objectionable account of the mind.
  • Subjects: Cognition and Perception
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 370

Trauma and Sexual Assault

The traumatic experiences of the accidents predispose people to trauma because they do not only threaten lives of the people, but also elicit horrific feelings due to the psychological and emotional impacts of accidents. Successful [...]
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2513

Sleep Habits and Its Impact on Human Mind Activity

The researchers paid attention to the quality of sleep and mentioned such characteristics as the time of going to bed and waking up, the duration, and quality of sleep.
  • Subjects: Applications of Psychology
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1706

Should I Marry a Man who watches porn

According to the article by Manning entitled "impact of internet pornography on marriage and family," pornography has a great impact to marriage and family life especially to those who get married to men who are [...]
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2231

Social influence and anti social behaviour

At the time of the experiment, it was necessary to follow the instructions of members of the group. Participants may hold the expectation that when in a group, one is expected to hold the same [...]
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2293

Family Trend Change and Disease Factor

The hastening of our customs and the organization of the family as the leading structure has led to a new family trend.
  • Subjects: Family Psychology
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 900

Is Google Making Us Stupid?

In the view of many, the internet has greatly contributed to the growth of knowledge and research. However, although the internet has greatly contributed to the growth of knowledge, it has been opposed by a [...]
  • Subjects: Cognition and Perception
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1339

Maya Angelou I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

However, they differ in the nature of uniqueness especially on perceptions of whether the early developments are functions of the experience of the early stages of development.
  • 4
  • Subjects: Psychology and Personality
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2283

What really makes us happy?

Contrary to the belief that nature determines a person's sustainable happiness is a counter-argument that happiness changes throughout a person's life due to life events and experiences.
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 926

External Forces in Peoples Life

She thus reverts to the original state of deterred self-control to the extent that she no longer has the opportunity to present her grievance.
  • Subjects: Social Psychology Deviations
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1092

Improving Communication Skills

The problem is mostly on us as the conveyors of the message and at all times, improvements need to be done to ensure clarity in communication. A personal area that needs to be improved is [...]
  • Subjects: Interpersonal Communication Episodes
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 843

Crisis Intervention Strategies

Lee is in dilemma whether to undertake legal intervention or not, because Julie has declined to sign a contract to demonstrate that she is no longer going to avenge and commit suicide.
  • Subjects: Psychological Influences
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 655

Women and traumatic experiences

The victims of such oppression in the societies are usually the minority groups in the society like those with disabilities. The number of times that such experiences have occurred in an individual's life may affect [...]
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1979

Intelligence Theories and Testing

Some of the scholars hold the opinion of intelligence as a general ability, while others stick to the idea that intelligence entangles varying aptitudes, talents and skills.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 929

Tests & Measurements in Psychology

The first is referred as the test-retest method; in this method, a test is administered to a group of people at a given time.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1929

College Learning: Attention Restoration Theory

The attention restorative potential of the environment is relevant in enhancing academic performance of the students in colleges and it depends upon distance from usual activities, the extent of contents, nature of fascination and compatibility [...]
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1744

Violent Video Games and How They Affect Youth Violence

However, despite the overwhelming outcry against the youth playing violent video games, there are a number of researchers and advocates who oppose the idea of directly linking the exposure of young adults to violent scenes [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Psychology of Abuse
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2309

Women in Psychology

In the following years, she continued to demonstrate her excellence in the field of psychology and labored together with other psychologists in instituting the first psychology lab at the institution where she was teaching.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1120

Long and Short Term Memory

The procedure of conveying information from STM to LTM entails the encoding and consolidation of information: it is not a task of time; the more the data resides in STM it increases the chances of [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Psychological Influences
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2292

The Methods of Measuring Intelligence and Its Theories

Moreover, this model implies that it is possible to assess the general intelligence of an individual by using the methods of statistical analysis. This is one of the limitations that can be considered.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 811

Developmental Theories in Psychology

Moreover, it shows the similarities and differences among these theories and how they account for normal and abnormal child and adolescent psychological and physical development in children and adolescents with specific reference to physical, cognitive, [...]
  • Subjects: Developmental Theories
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1937

Tools in the Pursuit of Knowledge

The first one is the acquisition of knowledge, the second level is retention and understanding, and the third is usage and application in the real world.
  • Subjects: Psychological Influences
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1472

Freud and Jung Psychology

The process is inborn and it is for this reason that human beings are able to understand and harmonize the various part of the psyche.
  • Subjects: Psychologists
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2938

The Generalized Anxiety Disorder

According to Bourne, there are a number of treatments that one can refer to in order to curb the generalized anxiety behavior.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1475

Happiness and Its Social Psychological Aspects

The well being of an individual is very critical to performance and several meaning of life to that particular individual. Several researchers have studied aspects like obedience, intervention of bystander, behavior and altruism as being [...]
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1413

Concepts and Methods of Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking

The final element of conflict resolution and peacemaking is the establishment of stable trust relations between the parties which will enable third future dealings to be peaceful. The process of conflict resolution and peacemaking is [...]
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 866

Heuristics and Rationality

One example of Tversky and Kahneman heuristics is the intuitive judgement or the common sense. The overall characterization of human judgement and reasoning is meaningful.
  • Subjects: Psychology and Personality
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 853

Psychological Trauma: Treatment Planning

Their mother, Tanya is the sole breadwinner in the family who works in one of the Information Technologies firm while their father is a local driver with one of the truck companies in the city.
  • 1
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 16
  • Words: 4147

Information Processing Theory

Thus, the theory of the mechanism of the human brain relates and addresses the growth of the child's mind. A good example is the central processing unit of the computer where the information is encoded, [...]
  • 4
  • Subjects: Developmental Theories
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1953

Qualities That Make You a Good Leader

Social skill, empathy, self regulation, motivation and self awareness are the qualities to consider in determining high degree of emotional intelligence.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 829

Cross-Cultural Psychology Study

The relationship between cultural and cross-cultural psychology is from a definition point of view. Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies are the most effective in cross-cultural psychology studies.
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 797

Conformity, Groupthink, and Bystander Apathy

One is normative conformity, which occurs due to the desire to fit in a group. In the case of groupthink, a prudent person may join a group to achieve morally acceptable goals, but the desire [...]
  • Subjects: Behavior
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 555

Sexualization of Children

What such studies are attempting to suggest is that the early sexualization that children are exposed to as a result of modern day pop culture and the media actually leads them to experience the full [...]
  • Subjects: Development
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3238

Harm Reduction / 12 Step

The next step is for the user to look back into their lives and determine the factors which led them to the use of drugs.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 723

Psychological Disorder Diagnosis

This is because while the disorder may be similar between two people, the effect and the impact of the disorder might be different between the two people.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2730

Feminism and Evolution or Emergence of Psychology

The past records, structures as well as the events surrounding the feminist movement are strongly connected to the particular protests of that time, individuals, and the broader alterations witnessed in the American culture.
  • Subjects: Psychological Issues
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 543

Understanding Drug & Alcohol Addiction

The chemicals present in the drugs disrupt the functioning of the brain in two ways mainly through imitating the natural functioning of the brain and overworking the circuit of the brain.
  • Subjects: Applications of Psychology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 579