The life of Socrates is explained in the conversation between Plato and Xenophon and also in theater performances of Aristophanes. Additionally, Socrates is perceived to be the artist who designed the statue of the three [...]
Tian is one of the most important concepts in his teachings, and it symbolizes heaven. This story is about a disciple of Confucius asking Daoists for help that was later reported to the teacher.
The last example that is the most common comes in the form of residences being haunted wherein objects all of the sudden move for no reason, broken glassware appears, doors open and close, noises can [...]
The inherent problem I have with Rorty in this article is the fact that the concept of a socially defined truth clashes with the changing nature of society and the potential for people to agree [...]
According to the author, human actions do not depend on determinism or "free will". I will use this idea in order to promote the best actions.
Aquinas focuses on the intentions of an actor as a basis on which the determination of the level of the permissibility of an action that results in serious harm is made.
Consequentialism is a concept in normative ethics that opines that the goodness or badness of an action is determined by the impacts of the action and not the motive of the doer.
Kant's objection to the ontological argument stems from his view of the concept that a being that is conceived in the human mind, and which exists in the real world, is superior to an idea [...]
In his arguments, he emphasizes that since God is described to have power over everything that exists; he would not sit by and watch as evil deeds happen in different places.
Freudian and Nietzsche view of religion, god and civilization The origin of religion and civilization, according to the philosophy of Nietzsche and Freud, seem to begin with their inquest to the existence of god.
Through this, he learned that it was impossible for him to deny the existence of God. In the chapter, he argues that the lack of God's existence was impracticable.
The major theme of the passage becomes evident in Simplicio's first comment, and it is the contradictory nature of human understanding.
According to the rules by Jesus, there is no need of fixing rules to guide moral judgments because when people are guided by love for each other they do the right things.
The dialogue between Socrates and Euthyphro is focused on the definition of piety or holiness and is set up in a humorous and sarcastic tone.
According to him, man is naturally violent, and thus, there is a need for the establishment of an authoritative government in the form of a monarchy to check and contain the violent nature of man.
Galileo utilized a number of scientific techniques to prove to the church that the earth was not the center of the universe.
Yao reacts against the constricted view of the philosophy, which comes from failure to open into the historical development of the philosophy and the role of the Confucian tradition as a whole in advancing Confucianism.
He claimed that his wisdom was greater than that of other humans which means that the judges and the accusers did not possess any of it for he believed that they were invented people who [...]
On balance, it is possible to note that Nietzsche and Sartre both see morality as certain doctrine aimed at helping people live in the society.
The concept ideas of the state of nature, law of nature, civil state and common good were discussed by Lock in his works.
Locke therefore argues that the real essence is reliant on the nominal essence as it is from the nominal essence that the qualities that define the particular object are derived.
A strong connection exists between the ideas of the two philosophers, Plato and Galileo, whereby, the actual nature of human mind and the nature of learning have been exposed. This is contrasted to the massive [...]
Berkeley supports the view of the matrix hypothesis that human beings are in a matrix and disputes the view that the matrix hypothesis is skeptical using the idealism of reality.
The idea of fleeing the real world that is habitable in the thinking of man, to the desert preoccupied by fear, dangers and uncertainty refers to the need for independence of the spirit.
He believed in the role and nature of the state as that of the well-being of all individuals in the society.
In pages 37-62, John Locke discusses the necessity of toleration in relation to different religious views accepted in the society and focuses on the idea to distinguish between the civil jurisdiction and religion.
This is despite the fact that there are other nations that try to explain the origin of the earth and the universe.
From the perspective of the Opposites Arguments, if the physical body is mortal and physical, the soul is immortal and, therefore, it should not die.
Therefore, the main idea of the greatest happiness principle is to make sure that more people are satisfied, however, the volume of the satisfaction is not discussed as well as the level of harm caused [...]
According to Friedman, 1970 he believed that when organization engage in social responsibility, a closer analysis will reveal that it aims to improve its image in the eye of the consumers, the government, the local [...]
Mills's viewpoint on human moral equality To prove that Mills's position is wrong, one is to read Locke's arguments on the state of equality.
During the 17th century, Thomas Hobbes proposed the idea the idea of "state of nature" in his writings called the leviathan.
The theological claim that the nature and purpose of humanity precedes the human creation and existence forms the basis of Sartre's description of the human condition.
There are natural rights such as the right to live and freedom if one adheres to the law of the land.
Everyone, including the leaders was under the umbrella of proper morals, which he said, was the linen from which the peace of the country was to be made.
Popper emphasis that the entire scientific enterprise is common and natural, by giving the examples of the exploits of a Copernicus or Einstein, which to him make a better reading than those of a Brahe [...]
He makes out the poor application of rhetoric as a style and the incoherence of ideas in the body of the anecdote.
It foresees a society whereby gender neutrality will be tenable and that social responsibilities are not subject to the gender of an individual.
Because of his freedom the free man gets the privilege of comparing the two worlds and he is in a position to judge on what is real and what is not real. He insists that [...]
Therefore, with reference to his definition of the sovereign and the general will, Rousseau was of the opinion that citizens had the obligation to attend the assemblies organized in order to deliberate upon their current [...]
In a way, this contradicts his above reasoning that if there is no one to experience the loss of good life, then the absence of suffering and realization is not bad at all.
From this point, beauty can be discussed as the attribute of things and as the independent form, and deja vu is the example of the reality as illusion because the life is only the reflection [...]
Adding determinism to free will, Ayer broke completely new grounds in philosophy by stating that there are three conditions that are required for making a choice fully based on the principle of free will in [...]
Their views are mostly similar, agreeing on the concept that morality is a necessary part of human life and it should be guiding the actions and thoughts of every person. Immanuel Kant's theory is that [...]
This especially comes out well in the case of Aristippus who believed in satisfying his craving for pleasure in the present as opposed to postponing them to the future.
Dealing with people and trying to combat them, it is important to be aware of their abilities as the outcome of the battle also depends on whether one knows the strengths and weaknesses of an [...]
He claims that giving a certain amount to Bengal would result to suffering of individuals and their dependants, which will correspond to the suffering he relieved in Bengal.
The major difference between good morality and bad morality according to Nietzsche is that good morality is connected to nobility and bad morals are linked to the common man and simplicity.
The main aim of Moore's essay is to explain that if there are some reasons not to believe that external objects exist; the author is to convince people of physical things existence before they understand [...]
Divine command theory is based on the idea that God is the determinant of right and wrong behavior. It is wrong for believers to say that the commandments given by God are arbitrary because He [...]
Socrates advocated the idea that justice was good, and that meant that injustice was equal to evil. The point he makes here is that justice is the cure for evil, and that a man who [...]
Therefore, it is important to first respect the rights of others, as according to the letter of the law, and then to promote one's beliefs in a non violent manner in order to promote democratic [...]
The free-will defense as a response to the logical problem of evil will also be covered in the essay as well as how the free-will response demonstrates the existence of evil to be logically inconsistent [...]
According to him, the motive behind an action is the one that makes the action to be deemed as right or wrong.
Fist, he does not appear to be apologetic and to the contrary confirms the general opinion held by majority of his jury that he thinks he is the wisest.
The question of whether there is a supreme being behind the existence the universe is a one that has confounded many people to date.
Kant's moral philosophy holds that the final result of an action has no value; the value of an action lies on the motivation behind it.
Justice, which is suitable for the constitution of the country, is also beneficial to the people. The Plato's theory of justice tries to balance what people and societies practice."Justice is the good of another".
The ethical approaches of the Utilitarian and the Kantian perspectives both examine ethics. This concern is not on the Utilitarianism schedule, which implies that from Kantianism perspective, Utilitarian morality is an amazing mixture of ethical [...]
In the ancient times, a hero in the Greek was regarded as a person with overwhelming courage to face the challenges that affected the community, some of the common challenges of the ancient times included [...]
One has control over the attraction for instance; attraction to someone is not a choice but way of enhancing the relationship in a personal perfective manner.
By comparing and contrasting Descartes' view with David Parfit's and Gilbert Ryle's objections, the essay will argue that Descartes' knowledge of being a thinking thing is limited and that his approach to knowledge acquisition is [...]
The comparison of positivism as a philosophical worldview is of particular importance with that of a Christian worldview. However, it is possible to cite the fact that the Christian faith emphasizes the importance of these [...]
In the context of Descartes' explanation, this argument points solely to the self-discovery of an object in the process of any act of consciousness. Beyond this, Descartes believes in the existence of God, who created [...]
In it, Neo greets his new teacher, and Morpheus explains the existence of the ubiquitous Matrix and enslavement to the man.
Thomas Hobbes discussed the differences between a natural life and one in society, the benefits of unity, and the characteristics that allow people to form such power dynamics.
The first argument can be evaluated using affirming the consequence, which has a certain formula: Premise #1: If A, then B.
Popper's principle of demarcation represents his understanding of the specifics of science and is a topic for a broad discourse. To conclude, Karl Popper's demarcation principle is based on the purpose of scientific theories.
Plato was a Greek philosopher who established the Platonist school and founded the Academy in Athens, the first Western institution of higher learning.
The weakness of this doctrine is that the happiness of the people is in the hands of the ruling class, which tends to default and exploit ordinary people.
The central claim made by Epicurus in his work is that happiness is the only pleasure in life, which is mainly connected with the avoidance of both mental and physical pain.
Although he makes a strong case for the existence of happiness, the foundation and organization of his article are less strong, which eventually lessens the general effect of his argument.
Rousseau and Mill were political philosophers with interest in understanding what entailed individual freedom. This paper compares Rousseau’s idea of individual freedom with Mill’s idea.
However, if one refers to the categorical imperative of Kantian, the position against abortion is more ethical and convincing, as it recognizes the fetus's value and right to life.
Regardless of cultural trends, the views and positions of representatives of different eras can have similar features, which manifests itself both in everyday affairs and in the context of attitudes toward high matters.
Further, the concern is found in the fact that there are some major drawbacks of anger, including the tendency to cling to another's anger, refuting attempts to reconcile, apologize, or restitute, and the tendency to [...]
This paper evaluates Plato's Republic to show how the differentiation between justice and injustice, the worth of a successful beginning, and the exchange of knowledge through education contribute to creating the perfect Kallipolis.
The doctrine of the golden mean is a request for a realistic moral axiom. The word "virtue" is used in some cases to denote a personal quality and, in others, as a generalized indicator of [...]
Aristotle's concept of happiness is an expression of virtue that is similar to the flow state, happiness is a combination of the baseline level where basic needs are fulfilled and a broader area managed by [...]
He intensively examines the concept of a teleological suspension of the ethical, arguing that one is justified to commit an unethical or sinful act, but only under the instructions of God, as demonstrated in the [...]
As a result, I believe that the mentioned philosopher is trying to convey various ideas and notions that highlight the complexity of human existence.
However, if the person were to be aware of the irrationality of their actions, they might avoid such acts in the future.
According to him, reconciling the gap between ideal and reality is necessary for the development of a political philosophy capable of guiding the Greeks in their quest for liberty.
Aristotle also states that the disposition that is acquired through the constant repetition of virtuous deeds and the development of habit is the basis of human action.
However, with the development of skeptical thought, the common field of inquiry regarding skepticism became more local, more focused on specific ideas, such as the validity of human perception, the search for universal truths, and [...]
This philosophical concept proposes to evaluate the set research tasks and allows for pluralism of opinions, which helps expand the boundaries of analysis and, at the same time, assess the infinity of the cognition process.
The essence of Aristotle's doctrine of the mean is that virtue lies in between two extremes, none of which is virtuous on its own.
For instance, in Hebrew, at the core of the concept of "the chosen one" is a belief that anyone who does not subscribe to the Jewish faith will not see the promised "world to come".
The concept of a High-Minded man is close to Aristotle's understanding of success and the contribution of different virtues to an individual's happiness.
Considering the world as a continuously changing whole, as a process, Thales believes that it is due to different states of the same beginning, its "condensation" and "rarefaction" relative to some intermediate state.
The theory of rational egoism developed by Ayn Rand seems an optimal approach to the resolution of personal and societal issues from the moral perspective despite the presence of contradicting opinions in this regard.
So, it is morally permissible to throw the switch because the death of one person is less of a loss than the death of five.
This approach is titled particularism, and, in the current essay, I attempt to justify this principle in the context of moral dilemmas and demonstrate how this perspective expands the ethical understanding of the subject.
Therefore, it would be reasonable to suggest that Locke would have also viewed the transportation of an individual's soul from one body to another a rebirth.
Socrates taught that a life that is governed by the rules and dictations of others, oblivious of the need for self-examination and evaluation is not worth living.
Among them, Jesus Christ and Confucius have become some of the most prominent figures in the history of the world. The purpose of this is essay is to compare the lives and the teachings of [...]
He then proceeds to talk about the certainty of human knowledge; he believes that human beings do not have a set limit to the understanding of knowledge.
The function of religion is, in my opinion, closely related to people's need to have a major set of moral guidelines, making individuals more confident and satisfied and societies more viable.
Then Moore identifies how the human/nature binary, inherent to the approach, has separated humanity from the web of life and become integral to the current public conversations about the environment. In conclusion, the essay re-contextualizes [...]
Vygotsky believed that these tools of the mind extend an individual’s mental abilities to solve problems and creatively formulate solutions in the present world.
The paradox of the question about free will for humans is also related to the role of God and the impossibility of great philosophers to provide a clear answer.
While its roots go back to Ancient Greece and Rome, natural law has remained a part of modern history.[1] In particular, the rise of Christianity contributed to the evolution of natural and revealed law and [...]
In the Asymmetry of the Reason view, Wolf argues that responsibility depends on the aptitude to operate and act in agreement with the true and good.
This is considered as the way a particular feeling or notion is portrayed The recommendation of action to another person is not an ethical thing to be performed in that this has to totally embrace [...]
Various social scientists and religious scholars have given different interpretations for the emergence of the universe and the forms of life in it.
The second assumption is based on the idea that we cannot deliberately identify a moral expert because of confusion in the literature that regards to the definition of moral experts.
This power can be presented as the compressive force of the university contributing to the return of all pleats of the matter to the surrounded area.
The ability to wonder about the world and construct these enduring questions is the first trait a philosopher should have. The presence of the Socratic Method, which is asking questions to improve conclusions and general [...]
It was connected to the attempts of the philosopher to find a way out of the political and cultural crisis in Europe.
Taylor emphasizes that the difficulty of the task and the amount of time needed to accomplish it are not relevant to the concept of meaninglessness. Therefore, it can be concluded that Taylor is the proponent [...]
Overall, there are similarities and differences in the gods' portrayal in Ovid's and Sophocles' works. In both texts, the deities are respected and revered by mortal people.
The other option would be not to hit the criminal with the machete. On the other hand, if the woman employs Kant's theory, it would be immoral to kill the rapist by attacking him with [...]
After the development of individuation during the period of the Renaissance, the majority of political thinkers developed their theories based on the individual's relationship with economic factors.
The accusations placed against Socrates include: Studying the activities in the heavens and below the earth. Predicting the things in the heavens and below the earth associates him with the physicists such as Thales and [...]
These works contain his core philosophical principles that include the will to power, perspectivism, the eternal recurrence of the same, and the idea of the "super-man".
The decision to return to the cave to enlighten the rest of the prisoners is viewed by Plato as the work of philosophers in enlightening the rest of the population to know the truth.
The means of gaining power and control and the legitimacy of such power are usually enshrined in the political philosophies of certain communities.
On careful examination of his writings about the body and mind, one finds out that they are rich with a lot of metaphysics which is related to theories of the body and mind together with [...]
This task is a discussion of the thoughts and opinions about the philosophical aspect of the Copernican revolution on the basis of Phillip Frank's article titled "The philosophical meaning of the Copernican Revolution".
He therefore was trying to say that good is the pivot of everything else in life. Plato's suggestion of the becoming and being model has partitioned life into two.