Philosophy Essay Examples and Topics. Page 8

"The influence of Manichaeism on Augustine of Hippo as a Spiritual Mentor" is Christine McCann's publication investigating the way Manichaeism doctrines affected Augustine's spiritual mentoring.

The main theme of "The Prince" by Machiavelli is monarchical rule and survival. Machiavelli discusses in detail how a ruler should act in various situations or circumstances and establishes that the main goal of politics [...]

Utilitarians believe that some people are morally equal to animals because they have lost the value of any free action and agree to live by the laws of society.

In other words, the writer is trying to help the reader navigate that the human good can be achieved under everything as long as the subject is affiliated with the person behind it.

The cognitive method of conceptual thinking is attributed to the parable of lines, and the perception of the sky corresponds in this scheme to the mind's cognition.

In Kant's philosophy, the ideas of non-consequential ethics are most clearly demonstrated by the moral and ethical phenomenon he formulated and called the categorical imperative.

However, some people, such as Socrates, faced discrimination due to these thoughts, eliciting the truth behind Plato's Allegory of the Cave and illustrated in The Apology.

Real justice, according to Nozick, consists in the appropriation of holdings or their original acquisition, their fair and consensual transfer and the protection of the right to their property.

He speaks of the complete difference between the mind and body, which implies that the body is divisible and the mind is not because the activity of the latter cannot be explained by mechanical principles.

In the piece under review, Putnam seeks to investigate the nature of pain, specifically, to identify whether it is a brain state or not.

The natural form of self-love is deprived of comparisons to others and exists in the natural world as a mere characteristic of the need of an individual to strive and survive.

Thus, it was shown that logic is not just a specific doctrine of specific things or terms, but the science of the laws of syllogisms, such as modus ponens or modus tollens, expressed in variables. [...]

It is because of the opportunity to master the concepts of good and evil and use them morally a person differs from a thing.

The impact of Legalism united the country, contributed to the power of the Qin dynasty, and supported the reign of the first emperor.

The essence of Aristotle's doctrine of the mean is that virtue lies in between two extremes, none of which is virtuous on its own.

While ethical egoism focuses on self-interest and disregarding the interests of others, psychological egoism is centered around actions or behavior that can bring benefits.

The straw man fallacy is a type of logical fallacy whereby one person misrepresents their opponent's question or argument to make it easier to respond.

In this discussion, the objective is to describe the two outstanding concepts that make up the title of the speech: Existentialism and Humanism.

One of the aspects that contributed to Socrates's accusation was his freedom to object to the acknowledgment of gods that Athens observed, and also, he was introduced to new deities.

The ethics of Confucianism proclaims the supremacy of good over evil, the peculiar moral law of which is humanity, philanthropy, humanity, reverence for relatives and elders, courtesy, and devotion to the state.

In the context of a social contract, this violation of rights can be explained by the voluntary renunciation of them by people in the name of their own security.

It is not individual achievements but rather the feeling of having contributed to a general human goal and becoming a better person that grants life meaning.

The first insight from these philosophical writings that shifted my viewpoint about this field was the distinctive role of the end goal and action in Plato's and Aristotle's works.

The central problem of On the Genealogy of Morality can be found in the first essay titled Good and Evil, where the skeletal structure of the state-of-the-art of morality is depicted by Nietzsche.

Thus, the "thinking and acting self" represents the freedom of the members of the community to take action with respect to the principles of voluntarism and the authority, serving as "the source of obligation".

Rousseau's most popular clarification of the differentiation between the two sorts of confidence shows up in the notes to the Second Discourse.

Therefore, the "pessimistic" look at absurdity states that in the ratio of the Universe, human life is insufficient and absurd regardless of the scale or order of their actions.

Notably, independence of TIB is guaranteed because it is comprised of three-people who are appointed in consultation of the National Ombudsman, the Vice-President of the Council of State and the President of the Supreme Court.

The concept of well-being was explored by Ryff and Singer in terms of the theory of human flourishing. They described the activities and the state of well-being they experienced.

If it is the reason, as Descartes and other rationalist philosophers would argue then how can one be sure that the idea of doubting and reasoning is not inspired by the Evil Demon either?

Thoreau discovers that his life is in a default status and decides to take the risk of preceding all his material and wealth needs.

The current study refutes materialism and supports Price's notion that there is an embodied and disembodied idea to the existence, a dream analogy of life after death, and a communal idea of the afterlife.

Therefore, in most cases, the product of love, or Eros, is the fulfillment of the need for admiration. The role of self-love in Aristophanes' speech is to inspire people to find lovers that connect to [...]

In the first argument, Burley explains the emergence of narrative as a style and its value and contribution to the development of interpersonal communication. Through the lens of their analysis of the philosophy of religion, [...]

Thus, Machiavelli raised the question of the historical and political process laws and the need for both objective conditions and the role of the human factor, participants in political activity.

The provided reading observes the life story of Augustine that helps to create an image of his views on the world and his way of thinking.

A person may need faith to be able to act in principle, to function - it can be the primary basis of action.

The one that is filled with experiences that help to grow as a person, to fall in love, to share love, and to value love.

Aristotle guarantees that to find the human great, we should recognize the capacity of an individual. He set forth the thought that joy is a delight in magnificence and great.

In the works of the well-known philosopher Hobbs, people see an egoistic ethical theory that implies selfishness, lack of empathy, and conscience in our society.

Questions related to the prospect of a constant increase in comfort and the liberation of a person are raised within the philosophy of transhumanism.

In understanding the similarities or differences between Dewey and Montessori's works on education, it is crucial to understand the probable driving factor of each philosopher.

In 1953, Gottlob Frege posted a strong argument that the language of mathematics tends to refer to and quantify the mathematical objects and the corresponding theories are true. Frege argues that mathematical language is quantifiable, [...]

Over the decades, the intensification in the flow of information and automation of the communication domains provides an opportunity for anonymity.

As such, his approach suggested that reality was the world that caused sensations and the truth was the ability to acquire knowledge of the world through mental concepts as a product of empirical sensations.

The core notion is centered around the idea of metaphysics being the process of investigative philosophy interested in structure, organization, constitution, and nature of reality. In the case of Plato, the only constant is stated [...]

This factor, along with others, determines the importance of Plato's essential work in the context of knowledge of the world - his theory of Ideas or Forms.

Consequently, the subject matter, which is the suitability of Dilthey's modes of apprehension to revealing the common ideas of groups of citizens from the perspective of hermeneutics, can be understood by discussing others' views.

To oppose this, the philosopher offers a discussion to convince the opponents of the need for a passage for himself, receiving in response a symbolic phrase from the Polemarchus who says, "How can you convince [...]

The Genesis section of the Bible is dedicated to the contextual history of the creation of the world. With the idyllic life of the first human pair in gardens of Eden begins perhaps the most [...]

This condition is the cause of constant and inevitable conflict. Hobbes describes the natural condition from the perspectives of felicity and misery.

The essay speaks about the dissonance between the actions of government and established laws; it illustrates how the government acts against its citizens.

The philosopher greatly argued for self-awareness and knowing oneself, and in the process of self-knowledge, discovering the true nature of who one is and one's identity, "once we know ourselves, we may learn how to [...]

Firstly, speaking about the principal contrasts between Stoicism and Confucianism, it should be mentioned that Confucius developed the teaching aimed at the improvement of the state structure, whereas the Stoics pay the main attention to [...]

I knew that I risk my energy level the day after; still, my friend lives in another country and we have not seen each other for 7 years: these facts were convincing enough to take [...]

Admittedly, there were thousands of wars in the past because of the lack of different resources, from gold to cheap labor force.

Williams puts stock in the "mortality of the spirit" and that everlasting life is futile in light of the fact that demise gives importance to life, however not in the existentialist feeling of the dread [...]

I agree that given the certainty of death, it is a good idea to "Epicureanize" our cravings so they can be satisfied inside an ordinary human life expectancy and conditionalized toward the finish of life.

The argument is well-justified because the author refers to the absence of benefits for children, the lack of guarantees of their happiness, and the regrets of parents.

However, his most prominent contribution is considered to be the formulation of the five arguments proving the existence of God, simply known as "the five ways".

This claim implies that if the life of a person is beneficial, then this life is worthy. This argument is reasonable because it introduces the explanations of different options and the analysis of the consequences.

He does not understand why they need to know the mattering of something later if mattering in the present moment is enough.

Death is a way to escape suffering and people who compromised principles and caused harm to others do not deserve an easy release from the pangs of conscience.

This French philosopher made a major contribution to the field, and one of the key elements of his work comprised the indubitable truth. To him, this concept was one of the pillars of the complete [...]

Descartes recognized that the machine of the body and the consciousness is occupied with its own thoughts, ideas, and "desires," and they are independent entities or substances.

Applying Augustine's idea of free will to the concept of an all-knowing God, one could think that after God deprived Adam and Eve of free will, the future choices we make are made by God [...]

To start the reflection on my default setting and the improvements, which can be made in this regard, it is vital to explain the meaning of this term in the first place.

Although the nature of knowledge and beliefs is still confusing for many people, most of them think that they know something if they have evidence that is strong enough.

People's moral beliefs of what is good and what is bad is a construction of the knowledge that was obtained from other people of the same society as children learning from the parents.

So, it is morally permissible to throw the switch because the death of one person is less of a loss than the death of five.

A priori and a posteriori are related concepts of scientific and philosophical discourse, denoting, respectively, the knowledge that precedes and is independent of experience and knowledge obtained from and conditioned by experience.

Being takes place in being through the admission of presence, that is, the opening of the secret. Heidegger emphasizes that one should not confuse the concept of Dasein with the subject: Dasein objectively exists - [...]

Humanities help to resolve conflicts using the legal, moral, social, historical, or psychological approach since such disciplines as history, philology, linguistics, psychology, and the whole complex of the humanities are the self-knowledge of mankind.

This approach is titled particularism, and, in the current essay, I attempt to justify this principle in the context of moral dilemmas and demonstrate how this perspective expands the ethical understanding of the subject.

A few early Greek philosophers of the 6th century BCE began forming theories about the natural formations of the cosmos that went beyond the commonly held beliefs of the divine beings in the sky2.

The sense of opposing the reality and the perceived in the Cave myth is epistemological and is tied to the replacement of reliance on sensory cognition with mental comprehension. The reality of the Cave is [...]

The epistemology in this work is not based on avid socialism but a specific definition of concepts and their application to religion.

The first one constitutes a belief that there is no free will in nature and that all of the actions are already predetermined.

Among them, Jesus Christ and Confucius have become some of the most prominent figures in the history of the world. The purpose of this is essay is to compare the lives and the teachings of [...]

Pascal's "Wager" is probably one of the strongest arguments in philosophy when people should be ready to put their lives on the line to demonstrate if God exists or not.

From this point of view, Cato's recommendations are ideal: the location of the willow tree immediately after the vineyard and the garden is not accidental, since in this passage a scale of the main and [...]

This situation shows that the concept of democracy and the freedom that correlates with it refers to a flawed narrative that liberty is the same as equality.

Belief in God is a momentous decision, and the benefits of yielding to religious faith outweigh the potential risks of error.

To be more specific, this is because the main essence of Bentham's philosophical standpoint is that only those actions which bring happiness and pleasure to others are morally right.

From this logical chain, Socrates comes to the contradiction in the charge that he who believes in the children of the Gods cannot believe in the Most Highs themselves.

The setting of the dialogue is near the Athenian courthouse where the two meet to discuss of the notions of holiness and piety.

Everyone believes in the power of a higher being, and to most of us, God is the greatest of all, the creator of all that exists.

Aristotle, one of the most noticeable Ancient Greek philosophers, has made a great contribution to the studies of ethics both as a discipline and a way of life.

In a political and governance context, liberty stresses the importance of promoting individual freedoms and social justice in the management of social and political affairs.

However, such an understanding can be questioned due to the invention of life support devices and the development of the death of the brain concept.

He then proceeds to talk about the certainty of human knowledge; he believes that human beings do not have a set limit to the understanding of knowledge.

This explains why different philosophers have presented critical ideas in order to address this question of morality. The author explains why Immanuel Kant presents some of the best ideas towards human ethics and moral principles.

It is from sleep that an individual wakes and it is from the waking that the individual sleeps. Plato further states that "the worse is from the better, and the more just is from the [...]

The idea has been traced back to ancient philosophy and history which spurred the differentiation between the values that are subjective by nature and the attribution of value to the desire of an individual.

The function of religion is, in my opinion, closely related to people's need to have a major set of moral guidelines, making individuals more confident and satisfied and societies more viable.

This paper aims to analyze the life and teachings of Confucius, as well as his significant impact on the history of China and the whole world.

Therefore, this paper aims to consider the strengths and weaknesses of the political, economic, and cultural institutions and compare them to the entities included in the constitutional design proposal regarding the prospects for their perseverance.

Metaphysics studies the nature of reality, the structure of the world, the origin of man, God, truth, matter, mind, the connection between mind, body, and free will, and the correlation between events.

It can also be referred to as the dichotomy of control, which states that what happens to a person is never in their complete control, unlike their actions and thoughts, which are.

The sentencing system historical overflow gives an opportunity evaluating the role of death penalty in various countries throughout the world.

It is in the balance, according to Aristotle, that the completeness of the human personality lies, and only through balance can a person find true self-satisfaction.

In contrast, Aristotle believed that the purpose of ethics lies beyond the knowledge of what is good or evil, but rather focuses on the application and practice of the theory.

Then Moore identifies how the human/nature binary, inherent to the approach, has separated humanity from the web of life and become integral to the current public conversations about the environment. In conclusion, the essay re-contextualizes [...]

German philosopher argues that one should have the freedom only for creating something of value for herself or himself or for others and be able to take responsibility for their own actions.

The major disadvantage of religion in terms of perception is that religion could alter people's beliefs to the extent of violence.

Therefore, the inability of individuals to discover the truth and leave the cave makes them unable to choose between actual reality and the world that they falsely believe to be true.

In general, Barthelme's story explains the meaning of life through death. Barthelme's description is therefore unique, although it could as well be understood that his view on the meaning of life ends with death.

When comparing the two perspectives of liberty and ideal society, it is necessary to note that both philosophers find the liberty to be an intrinsic feature of a human being.

On the contrary, he insisted that sati was a perversion of Indian tradition and a violation of women's rights as elaborated in Hindu texts.

As among humans, the disagreement between the gods is related to the line between the just and the unjust, the beautiful and the ugly, the good and the evil.

In this book, the author constructs a symbolic city of women and reflects on the misogynistic attacks of men on women. Lady Reason explains to Christine that sometimes men try to keep each other out [...]

What I have learned from the blue zone lifestyle is to keep family close because this improves the quality of life.

In The Republic by Plato and The Politics by Aristotle, two unique originations of the state, equity, and political investment introduce themselves.

Hempel was regarded as the master of philosophical methodologies and he aimed at pursuing clarifications on the concepts that were primarily ambiguous and vague.

In epistemology, what really counts is the understanding of knowledge about a particular topic of interest. Apparently, skepticism under epistemology is concerned with clearing any doubts that may exist about the existence of knowledge.

Starting with the assumptions that fear of this phenomenon is one of the most important stimuli in the life of people and ending with the suggestions that death is not bad for the deceased, thinkers [...]

As the picaresque novel is based on Leibnitz's philosophy of optimism which suggests the idea of the perfectness of the world and everything in the world, to be more exact, Voltaire introduces ironic ideas concerning [...]

An objective and meticulous examination of the freedom and responsibility spectrum that highlights the difference between choice and causation explains whether human actions are free or predetermined.

This is some kind of a problem that means that the passion, enthusiasm, and even unpredictability of both Greek tragedies and the art and life of the nineteenth century were and are being repressed.

According to Dewey, art is "the greatest intellectual achievement in the history of humanity," while "aesthetics is central to philosophy's proper mission: to render everyday experience more fulfilling and meaningful".