Formal Sciences Essay Examples and Topics. Page 13

1,789 samples

Social Capital and Its Quantitative Measurement

It allows the measurement of repeated observations over a period to determine changes in behavior. Thus, a cross-sectional design would help identify organizational policies or initiatives that promote the formation of new connections in workplace [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1665

Cosmic Microwave Radiation and Universe Origins

This makes possible the formulation of the most basic definition of what the notion of CMBR stands for: It is, in essence, the most ancient photons that were emitted at the time when the universe [...]
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1097

Faster-than-Light Travel in Science and Fiction

By the laws of physics that are known today, faster-than-light travel is nothing but science fiction, and up to now, no significant discoveries have been made in this area.
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1123

Probabilistic Sampling Method and Other Strategies

Andy defines sampling as the selection of a part of the population within an area of research, which represents the entire population when conducting a research study.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 585

Research Methodology and Concepts

However, research questions and research variables are two of the most important concepts as they largely define the nature of the study and its orientation.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1127

Hypothesis Testing for Single Population

The null hypothesis clarifies the deficiency involved in the relationship between the forecaster and result whereas the alternate hypothesis illustrates the occurrence of the relationship.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 882

Relational Networks Study in Community Psychology

The research findings show that the hypothesis is correct, and the context of community psychology may be better comprehend and improved with the help of network and relational perspectives.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1377

Numerical and Quantitative Identity in Research

Nevertheless, there are several varieties of cabbage, and here it is a question of a qualitative identity when we compare the properties of these species.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 324

Self-Completion and Postal Questionnaires for Interview

In comparison to the structured interview where the presence of an interviewer is obvious, the self-completion questionnaire is characterized by certain pros and cons. As a rule, the self-completion questionnaire already contains an answer, and [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 336

Focus Group Method in Research Process

The implementation of the focus group research method is better than the individual qualitative interview if an organizer of a study wants to have an understanding of how one's product or service is perceived by [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 603

Educational Validity of Business Gaming

The title, "Educational Validity of Business Gaming Simulation: A Research Methodology Framework," gives a clear idea of the subject of the paper.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 907

The Basis of Modern Scientific Knowledge

A lot of the scientific theories and discoveries made in the early modern period, particularly those related to the understanding of our place in the universe, were also revolutionary and in some way defied, or [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1123

Confidence Interval

According to the developed hypothesis, it becomes clear that a confidence interval parameter of with a random variable of X, the confidence level of p, and the following sample: is called a bordered interval.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 601

The Exceptional Color and Value of a Green Diamond

Thus, he characterizes the origin of the natural green color and the causes of this color in diamonds, explores the safety of irradiated diamonds, describes some of the most famous green diamonds, discusses the challenge [...]
  • Subjects: Geology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 553

Decision Tree Analysis Statistics

This is probably based on the excellence that the tree is capable of offering, as against other neural networks- since the decision tree is a representation of rules.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1137

The Aspects of Loss Realization: Theory and Evidence

There are several strengths and weaknesses evident in the approaches used by the authors in the article, The Disposition to Sell Winners Too Early and Ride Losers Too Long: Theory and Evidence to explain the [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 564

Interstellar Travel Possibility

Taking into account that time of a cosmic journey is proportional to its distance, it could be argued that for this type of mission to become possible, it should address the problem of speed.
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1691

Gravitational Waves: Theory, Detection, and Prospects

The gravitational force "acts perpendicular to the waves' direction of propagation; these forces change the distance between points, and the size of the changes is proportional to the distance between the points".
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1677

“Is Scientific Progress Inevitable?” by Irvine

The author and his daughter visited the medicine wheel that is located atop the rolling Moose Mountains outside of Regina. With the purpose of these structures lost to time, the author underlines that progress can [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 571

Hypothesis Testing in Practical Statistics

However, it is necessary to explain to the management of the restaurant the significance of the test. In conclusion, hypothesis testing is an important method that helps to determine the effectiveness of different solutions.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 623

Life Cycle of Photon: the Impact of Its Discovery

Since its discovery in the early twentieth century, the photon has contributed greatly to the understanding of the fundamental physics, was used in the multitude of experiments to prove the dualistic nature of light, served [...]
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1442

Nuclear Reactions and Their Physical Properties

Fusion is the process of combining deuterium and tritium to create helium-4. Tritium production is an even more complex process and requires the use of a nuclear reactor to produce tritium beforehand.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 828

Protostars and Their Lifecycle

It lasts from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud and ends with the start of the hydrogen fusion. The gas starts to collapse toward the center of the core, creating the first stage [...]
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 562

Hubble Constant in Space Telescope Key Project

In a plot of the recession velocity and the distance from the observer, the fraction of the velocity and the distance, when expressed as a ratio, represents the Hubble constant.
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1112

Space Programs: Progress or Waste of Money?

According to Ehrenfreund, the ingenuity to develop technologies and work in space is part of the progress that comes from space programs. Space programs have led to the development of technologies that improve air transport.
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 839

Stratified and Cluster Sampling in Research

According to Vaus in the article "Surveys in Social Research", the author talks about the number of things that need to be noted about the connection of correctness and the amount of the sample.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 877

The Repeated-Measures ANOVA in a General Context

It is suggested that in order to compare the repeated-measures ANOVA and the one-way ANOVA, it is essential to compare the power of paired samples t-tests and independent samples t-tests.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 575

Hypothesis Testing and Variance

05 and the t value is greater than t critical. The question: Is there a significant difference in the Intrinsic Satisfaction for male and females?
  • 4
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 887

CubeSat Mission Process Flow

A CubeSat, a sort of miniaturized satellite, is a low-priced, institutionalized satellite with its inception in the CubeSat Project set up in the late 1990s by California Polytechnic State University and Stanford University. The CubeSat [...]
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2865

Challenger and Columbia Shuttles’ Crashes

The space shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986, along with the crash of the Columbia shuttle in 2003 are two famous tragedies that have shocked not only the US citizens but the whole world as well.
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 537

Universe in Religious and Scientific Theories

This essay is an analysis of the facts behind the formation and existence of the universe as discussed by a number of re-known scholars all over the globe.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1143

Interference Color Research Development

The discovery of interference colors is closely associated with studies of the phenomena of birefringence and differences in indices of refraction.
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 584

Concrete Deterioration Statistical Analysis

Concrete deterioration is a major issue in the construction industry because it reduces the durability of structures, weakens the stability of buildings, causes the loss of lives, and contributes to the loss of property.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3396

Igneous Rocks of the Appalachian Mountains

The chains are in three regions: The Northern areas, which include shickshock ranges, the long range, the White Mountains and the Green mountains.
  • Subjects: Geology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 552

Energy in Physics and Natural Sciences

The year 1829 marks the time when Gaspard Coriolis came up with the definition of 'kinetic energy' the development that was followed by the introduction of the term 'potential energy' by William Rankine in 1835. [...]
  • Subjects: Physics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1409

Validity and Qualitative Research

It remains apparent that the validity and reliability of the results are dependent on the skills and competences of the researcher.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 573

Galileo’s Defence and Roman Catholic Church

I will persuade religious leaders of the positive effects of separating science from religion, and illustrate that the design of the solar system was a part of God's plan to protect planet Earth.
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 556

Mid-Atlantic Ridge in Geologic Tour

It is necessary to note that one of the most important economic activities associated with a divergent plate boundary is the extraction of natural resources. Landslides and damaged dams were another major consequence of the [...]
  • Subjects: Geology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 560

Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Linear Regression

The example to apply is a case of a pharmacy with an owner interested in knowing the time taken in the pharmacy and money spent by every tenth client in minutes and dollars, respectively.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 559

Earth Mapping and Formation in History

During the period of antiquity, the first geologists generally concentrated on the origin of the Earth. Consequently, the Flood led to the discovery of fossils and using Christian argument to demonstrate that it was responsible [...]
  • Subjects: Geology
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1973

Astrolabes, Their History and Features

3 These included the position of celestial objects, time of the day or night by measuring the altitude of the sun, time of the year, part of the visible sky, altitude of any horizon object, [...]
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1628

Statistical Data Analysis in Education

In their article "Hold My Calls: An Activity for Introducing the Statistical Process," Abel and Poling described the specific statistical activity that can be used in the teaching-learning process at the secondary level to explain [...]
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 870

Correlational and Longitudinal Study in Psychology

The goal of these studies was to demonstrate how attitudinally congruent social networks in comparison to attitudinally heterogeneous social networks could be related to the factor of attitude strength in different individuals.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 523

Experience and Completion of Projects Correlation

The dependent variable of the study is the effectiveness of team members, which is measurable in terms of the number of projects that they have completed successfully in a year.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1238

Tuberculosis Statistics Among Cigarette Smokers

The proposal outlines the statistical applications of one-way ANOVA, the study participants, the variables, study methods, expected results and biases, and the practical significance of the expected results.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 846

Research Design: Medical and Psychological Practice

Among the key strengths of the qualitative research design, it is possible to note that the qualitative method is a rather useful when the topic is too complicated, and the core question needs to be [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 548

Rapid Critical Appraisal Process

While filling data in the evaluation table by taking each column at a time, it proved difficult to note the differences and similarities of the studies used easily.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 598

Correlation Types and Their Uses

If only the first assumption is not met, namely, in the case when one of the variables is dichotomous, then the point-biserial correlation should be used. The interpretation of this coefficient is similar to that [...]
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 657

Research Methods by Alwabel, Zairi, and Ahmed

In the part of the book, the writers focus on the distinctions between qualitative and qualitative studies. This is one of the main errors that should be avoided.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 820

“What Theory Is Not, Theorizing Is” by Karl Weick

What makes the paragraph useful and enlightening is the fact that it sheds light on the significance of proper references for researchers, reviewers, and editors and singles out the typical mistakes. Overall, the present paragraph [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 299

Brim Inc.’s Interview and Research Methodologies

According to Josephs, social media has been instrumental in the company's success. The main facets of social media utilized by the company are Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, and Facebook.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 472

Online Consumer Shopping Behavior Research Evaluation

Issues such as the effect on purchase intention, entertainment value, satisfaction with the seller and attitude towards the retailer could all be affected by the presence of avatars based on the literature review.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2238

Adult and Peer Mentorship Program Evaluation

The research hypothesis is supported by the set of objectives, which designed to form the core of the research. To come up with a credible report the research team will adhere to the code of [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2040

Performance Appraisal-Feedback Program Statistics

The null hypothesis holds that the feedback program has no influence on the performance of employees. The descriptive statistics below show that there is an apparent difference in the SEM scores before and after the [...]
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1184

Drug Efficacy: Factorial Analysis of Variance

The dependent variable will be the efficacy levels which will be measured by determining the parasitemia of study participants. The independent variables will be drug dosages of 100mg, 150mg and 200mg.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 552

Kleptomania Treatment: Qualitative Research Sample

According to Merriam, the selection of an appropriate sampling method will be subject to the research topic, scope of research, and the nature of materials to be gathered.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 927

Central Tendency and Its Measures

The measures of central tendency differ in how much use they make of the data, especially of the extreme values, but they are all trying to explain something about where the center of distribution lies.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 830

Psychological Research in Non-Governmental Agency

Of course I did not apply all the steps of the research process, which include: selecting and developing a research question, generating a research hypothesis, forming operational definitions, choosing a research design, evaluating the ethics, [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 596

Mixed Methods Journal Article

In taking a two-phased mixed methods research, the authors of this article have tried to bring out the issues that relate to the topic of work ethics with much emphasis on the vocational students in [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 579

Methodology of a Qualitative Inquiry

In the aftermath of having conducted the study's empirical and analytical phases, Lei-Yu Wu determined that a particular organization's ability to address competitive challenges, by the mean of relying on its well-established access to the [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1938

Theoretical and Empirical Research in Journals

Human Resource Development Quarterly was the first academic journal in the field of human resource development. This publication is affiliated to the Society for Human Resource Management and the University of Michigan, based in America.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1709

Reliability as a Statistical Test

Test-retest is a reliability test that measures the reliability of an instrument or method of measurement over a given period. Test-retest reliability is subject to error of measurement that emanates from the defective measurement of [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 668

Research Consumers and Their Characteristics

Since consumers are people who understand the qualities and the use of a given product, research consumers are people who understand the qualities of research and the application of research concepts.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 884

Valid and Reliable Operational Definition

While describing the difference between a valid operational definition and a reliable operational definition, one is to understand the principal issue of the subject of discussion.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 675

Research Methodology in the Psychology Field

The significant elements of the scientific method are the statement of the certain research question, the proposal of the possible hypothesis, and the development of the research design.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 573

Research Methods in Prenatal Development Studies

The researcher assesses the given indicators in the sample of 161 adult couples in the third trimester of pregnancy to find what influence they have on the quality of the current attachment to the unborn [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1176

Gender-Scores Relation: T-Test Analysis

Pratt and Cullen noted that the computation of the t-test statistic provides a measure of the equality of the hypothesized mean and the statistical mean, which is expressed as the standard deviation of the difference [...]
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1094

Gender and Test Score Correlation

The assumptions of correlation for gpa and final: Final and GPA variables are independent. Final and GPA scores are linearly related.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 700

Mediators and Moderators: Understanding and Using

Wu and Zumbo further explain that by employing mediation concept, further research will be required to establish a relationship between a mediator and the meditating variable.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1466

ANOVA Test Application Analysis

Instead, the estimation of the link between the geographical location and the enthusiasm of the staff was rather even in most cases.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2215

Tobit Model in Econometrics

In a case of an analysis involving the general income as the dependent variable, if the available data is on the high-income group of the population, then a truncation in the analysis will result.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2420

Variables, Data Gathering and Data Analysis Strategies

According to the hypothesis and research questions, service satisfaction, morale and the desire to quit service forms the dependent variables, while payment levels and tenure conditions form the independent variables.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1392

Concept Paper and Research Study

A concept paper is a project idea, which is usually brief and highlights the main components of the main research project before embarking on developing a proposal.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 659

Research Methodology in the Field of Education

The other factor to consider when determining the research design is the availability of data for the research. The other disadvantage is that an established conceptual framework has the possibility of backfiring, especially if the [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 974

Astronomical Distances: Measuring Methods

This hypothesis follows from the logical fact that if the light from these astronomical objects needs billion of years to reach the earth, then as a matter of consequence, the age of the entire universe [...]
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2241

Data Saturation and Variability

From a theoretical perspective, data saturation is a critical technique in determining the sample sizes required in qualitative research. From this perspective, variability code frequency and stability is critical to data saturation and the qualitative [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 554

Variables and Measurements in Research

For instance, in a study on the use of a limb sock to reduce edematous residual limbs, the limb sock is an independent variable while the dependent variable is the residual limb.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 604

Epistemological Stance in Management Research

As a result, it appears that while the epistemological stance is significant for any researcher, for the strong constructionism, it is of particular importance, since, for this stance, the researcher is deeply engaged in the [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 855

Leader’s Role in Education: Variables and Measures

A dependent variable is more interesting to a researcher because it turns out to be a part of a hypothesis that should be proved, and an independent variable can influence the dependent one in a [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 575

Systems Theory: History and Concepts

According to Hammond, when viewed from the context of history and evolution of social thought, it appears that the science related to unified systems theory is a product of 20th-century thinking.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 653

Probit Models’ Researches in Statistics

He uses the standard approaches in considering this model, enwidening the understanding of the notion and suggesting possible areas to implement the probit model.
  • Subjects: Statistics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 552

Natural and Artificial Selection in Cosmos TV Series

In order to explain the same notion Tyson uses the example of wolves and the origin of dogs. The diversity of species is explained by Sagan and Tyson as a process of the natural selection [...]
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 834

Quantitative Analysis Benefits for Research Projects

One of the advantages of the quantitative analysis is that it is based on numbers, different forms of graphs and tablets and in such a way provides a scientific respectability of the social research.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 941

Outer Space and Its Impact on the Earth

As the name implies, the outer space exists in a void area where there is no atmosphere of the Earth. The temperature varies with the time of the earth day on the outer space area [...]
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1117

Scientific Contribution to Militarization

Since the discovery of the modern day science, it has been used to advance the societal welfare in a similar way in which it has been applied in activities that contribute to the destruction of [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1203

The Continental Drift’ Concept

Although a strange interlocking that shapes the coasts of Europe and Africa with those of the New World were found at the end of the sixteenth century, it took nearly 200 years for the empirical [...]
  • Subjects: Geology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 561

The Religion Implications in the Modern Cosmology

Different religions in the world have disparate teachings about the origin of the universe. The aforementioned religions are all monotheistic, but they have different explanations regarding the existence and the origin of the universe.
  • 1
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2031

Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci’s Life and Contributions

Although only few facts are known about the life of Leonardo of Pisa, his writings in mathematics include the detailed discussion of the advantages of the Hindu-Arabic system, the important information on arithmetic in business [...]
  • 3
  • Subjects: Math
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 852

Interpretation and Extraction of Information: Rushworth Area

To demonstrate the spatial information of various land covers within an image To use image enhancing techniques and derive the NDVI to be applied in interpretation of the location and areal extent of forest and [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1095

Quantitative Research Approaches

The main peculiarity of the work of this method is the special algorithm that is created for each case. The data obtained with the help of this experiment is taken into account and creates the [...]
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 565

Citations in the Scholarly Papers

As stated by both Hyland and Giltrow, citations are used to define the field of investigation and the area in which there is a need for additional research.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1670

Comets and Asteroids: Nature and Role in Science

Components of this study include An exposition on Asteroids and Comets, Origins of Comets and Asteroids and their constituents, the significance of Comets and Asteroids in the inquiry about the origins of the solar system [...]
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2773

The Sun: Uniqueness in the Universe

The sun is one of the common yellow stars in the universe. This explains why "the sun is one of the many middle-sized yellow stars in the universe".
  • Subjects: Astronomy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 648

The Solar System Formation and the Earth Evolution

Limited opportunities are explored under the subject of cosmogony, the field which focused on the question: 'Which processes contributed to the formation of Solar System, as well as how it evolved since its formation?' Despite [...]
  • Subjects: Space Studies
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2223

Core Readings in Systems Thinking

The topics include the challenges in studying complex systems, qualitative mapping, quantitative models, addressing system failures, and the importance of defining the success of IT projects.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 3020

Qualitative Research: Methods and Process

The advantage of interviews is that it allows the researcher to have detailed and in-depth questions and responses and minimizes non-response.
  • Subjects: Scientific Method
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 434

Deep Sea Mining: Salt Extraction

This therefore shows how important the process of evaporation is in regard to extraction of salt from the sea. This therefore explains that sea water is a cheap source of salt in terms of time [...]
  • Subjects: Geology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 552