Natural Sciences Essay Examples and Topics. Page 2

2,333 samples

Pinacol Rearrangement: Chemical Lab Experiment

Undertake qualitative analysis of the product using IR and NMR techniques, which provide spectra of functional groups and chemical shifts respectively. Carry out qualitative analysis of the product using 2,4-DNP test, which can detect carbonyl [...]
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1974

Cells, Tissues, and Major Organs Systems

The report will cover the structure and functions of animal cells and organelles. It will also address the structure and functions of tissues and main organs of the body.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2269

Diffusion and Osmosis Experiments

The osmolarity of various solutions was also evaluated by noting the changes in weight of potato cylinders in the solutions. The movement of carmine particles in the water was random.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1745

Forensic Procedures: Hairs and Fibres

The continued cases of robbery, murder and rape have been countered with the adoption of various forensic procedures to bring the crime perpetrators to book. The collection of hairs and fibres is usually the first [...]
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2067

Electronic Application of Inorganic Polymers

Most inorganic polymers come with different properties and characteristics hence the reason why they are used in different ways and for different things.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1786

Winter and Summer Seasons Comparison

Nevertheless, they can also do it in winter, going to the playing-field. On the other hand, it is impossible to make a snowman in summer.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 603

The Olmec and the Inca Civilizations Agriculture Practices

The aim of this paper is to compare the lifestyles and achievements of the Olmec and the Inca civilizations. The creation of the civilization was instigated by the fact that local alluvial soil was well [...]
  • Subjects: Agriculture
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2838

Nomadic Pastoralism and Cultural Survival

This section looks into the case of the Northern Afghanistan nomadic pastoralists and the kind of animal they keep coupled with why they choose to remain nomadic pastoralists.
  • Subjects: Anthropology
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1507

Lubricants Oil Production in Refineries

Despite being various categories of the lube oil as mentioned earlier in the project, mineral lube oil from petroleum is the commonly preferred lubricating oil to the synthetic lube oil.Fig.showing lubricating oil The history of [...]
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2245

Methods of Cultivating Crops Using Hydroponics System

According to Keith, the film of water flowing in the roots of the plant should be made as shallow as possible to facilitate efficient flow of oxygen within the rooting system of the crops as [...]
  • Subjects: Agriculture
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 864

Transpiration Process in Plants

Initially, the roots absorb water by the process of osmosis due to the variation in the concentration of the water level between the soil and roots.
  • 3.3
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 562

Evolution and Adaptation of New York City Rats

In the city, rats are considered a cultural symbol, and their number is up to five times the number of people. The common types of rats are roof rats and Norway or brown rats in [...]
  • Subjects: Zoology
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 3050

The Function and Structures of the Human Heart

Pulmonary circulation involves the transfer of deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then the movement of oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Coronary circulation is responsible for replenishing the [...]
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 488

Mixtures and Compounds in Chemistry

The type of bonds and the combination depends on the position of each element in the periodic table. The elements in a compound are always in a fixed ratio and the arrangement is defined.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1284

Evolution of Humans: The Human Evolutionary Theory

The earliest best-known theory of evolution was propounded by Charles Darwin, whose main thesis was that life has evolved from simple single-celled organisms to multi-cellular, complex living things through the process of natural selection and [...]
  • Subjects: Genetics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 558

Dairy Cattle’s Integumentary System

The purpose of this paper is to explain the physiological function of the integumentary system of dairy cattle and its impact on housing.
  • Subjects: Zoology
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1406

Soil Erosion, Its Factors and Preventive Measures

Soil is the sediment, surface layer of land produced as a result of transformations in rock materials that occurred under the influence of both living and dead organisms including plants, animals, and bacteria; solar heat, [...]
  • Subjects: Agriculture
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 886

Anthropology: Tibetan Nomads Life

In the autumn season, the animals become healthy, and this is the time when nomads sell their animals and buy supplies for themselves, which they have to keep for another season of the year.
  • Subjects: Anthropology
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2790

Human Genome Project vs. Human Proteome Project

Abhilash highlights that proteome is a combination of protein and genome; proteome comes from the word proteins and refers to all proteins that are produced by an organism in a given set of environmental conditions [...]
  • Subjects: Genetics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1385

The Farmers’ Market Analysis

For the farmers the benefit lies in the cost saving of the production transportation and in the ability of the wholesale with the large grocery companies.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Agriculture
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 837

Primary Mode of Subsistence in the Zulu Culture

This paper is aimed at bringing to the fore the primary approach of the Zulu culture subsistence and further analyze the impact of its subsistence on the Beliefs and values, Kinship and social organization aspects. [...]
  • Subjects: Anthropology
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2184

The Process of Fertilization in Mammals

In mammals, fertilization mostly takes place inside the body of the female animal whereby the gamete from the male animal known as the sperm fuses with the female gamete in the oviduct forming a zygote. [...]
  • Subjects: Zoology
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1148

Colombia’s History, Geography, and Culture

Colombia is located in the northwest corner of South America, bordered by Panama to the northwest, Venezuela to the east, Brazil to the south, and Ecuador and Peru to the west.
  • Subjects: Countries Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 653

Biology: Analysis of Egg Experiment

The data obtained from the above experiment supports the hypothesis that if the cell is soaked in corn syrup, a hypertonic solution, then water will move out of the cell by osmosis, and the egg [...]
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 369

How the Ocean Current Affect Animals’ Life in the Sea

Depending on the strength of the ocean current, sea animals along the path are flown along with the water, and the animals are moved to new regions that are sometimes thousands of kilometers away causing [...]
  • Subjects: Zoology
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 771

Methyl Salicylate: Carboxylic Acids and Esters

In the experiment, salicylic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acids to produce methyl salicylate and water as the only products.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2741

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alcohols

The objective of the experiment is to demonstrate how substitution reactions of alcohol occur. Specifically, the experiment aims to demonstrate the formation of 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol through a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2137

Viruses: Alive or Not From Scientific Perspective

However, according to Bhella, no organisms can be entirely independent of the environment, and life at its core is interdependent. The fact that viruses evolved with other creatures is enough to state that they are [...]
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 352

Ethnographic Design: Types

The investigator is required to define the characteristics of the society under study. Abalos, argues that "critical ethnographic studies are a type of ethnographic research in which the author is interested in advocating for the [...]
  • Subjects: Anthropology
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1080

Physiology of Uromastyx Aegyptia

Since the soil in the harsh and arid regions is salty, this makes the vegetation to have a lot of salt elements in them.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1340

The Maps’ Importance in Human History

In fact Akerman praises the American road map of the twentieth century to be one of the greatest inventions at the benefit of the public.
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 566

Charles Darwin: Evolution Theory

The naturalist of the time believed that everything in the world had a key role in the economic of nature and the credit was given to an intelligent creator.
  • Subjects: Evolution of Humans
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1437

Oxidation and Reduction Process

The amount of oxygen present in the atmosphere and the nature of the material it comes in contact with determine the process of oxidation.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 1486

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells: Key Differences

Furthermore, upon the analysis of the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, one can develop a proper understanding of the environment that is required for the correct functioning of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 848

The Pinacol Rearrangement Organic Reaction

The first objective of the experiment was to demonstrate how pinacol undergoes rearrangement to form pinacolone under the catalysis of heat, acid, and boiling chips.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1660

Killer Whale, Its Life Cycle and Behavior

The killer whale is the largest member of the dolphin family and a very fierce predator. In the Southern Hemisphere, the types of killer whales found there include type A, B, C, and D.
  • Subjects: Zoology
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1388

Biosphere Evolution and Threats

The biosphere, however, overlaps between all the spheres that include the lithosphere, which is found on the surface of the earth.
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 867

Geography of the Volga River

The outstanding physical feature gracing this region is the Volga River which stretches from Vidal Hills in the northwest to drain into the Caspian Sea in the south.
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 639

Comparing Istanbul and London

London plays a significant role as commercial capital of the UK, while Istanbul is regarded as a cultural capital of Turkey mainly for its importance in maintaining the coexistence of different traditions, and its rich [...]
  • 2.5
  • Subjects: Countries Studies
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1987

Modern Algeria

It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Tunisia, and Libya to the east, Niger, Mali, and Mauritania to the south, and Morocco to the west.
  • Subjects: Countries Studies
  • Pages: 20
  • Words: 5466

History of Deforestation

Alternatively, they would cut vital elements of the tree in order to cause the upper part of the tree to fall off gradually. The birth of the naval store affected the pattern of deforestation in [...]
  • Subjects: Agriculture
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2038

Good to Eat: Riddles of Food and Culture by Marvin Harris

Good to eat is a thought provoking and intellectual journey that the author takes, in terms of the different kinds of food habits adopted by various groups of people and the reasons behind such habits.
  • Subjects: Anthropology
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1199

History of the Finger Printing

Prior to and after 1950 fingerprinting as a biometric method of identifying criminals in the field of forensic science had been settled upon as one of the most reliable methods of identifying criminals in the [...]
  • Subjects: Anthropology
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2189

Cognitive Growth Stages: Piaget & Freud

The pre-operational stage: At the pre-operational stage, the child learns to exercise language and to characterize things by words and images. At this stage of development, the anus acts as the centre of attraction of [...]
  • Subjects: Anthropology
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1420

16S and 18S Ribonucleic Acids: The Key Differences

Although 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA are located in the cytoplasm, the differences in the systems exist because 16S rRNA is in the prokaryotic ribosome and 18S rRNA is in the eukaryotic ribosome.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 328

Modern Turkey, Ottoman Legacy and Westernization

Many of the country's customs and practices, such as the traditional Turkish greeting and the importance of hospitality, have their roots in the Ottoman period.
  • Subjects: Countries Studies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 962

The Heat of Dissolution and Neutralization Reaction

The colorimetric method of analysis is used to determine the heat released during a chemical or physical process: the heat released in such reactions is transferred to the water by the change in temperature, of [...]
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 1152

Alkanes and Alkenes: Structure and Reactions

The general structure of an alkane is CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. The general structure of an alkene is CnH2n, where n is the number of carbons in the [...]
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1697

The Psychological Nature of Memory

Using the numerical representation of the participants' results, the researchers calculated the dependence of the memory and theory of mind in the process of recalling the interlocutors.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1223

The Role of Microorganisms, Biotechnology

Today, the field of their use in human life is so vast and diverse that it makes an invaluable contribution to the development of such industries as health, industry, and the functioning of the environment.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 391

Rome as a Significant City in the World

Rome is the capital city of Italy and the most populated city in Italy. The city is located in the middle of the Italian Peninsula along the Tiber River.
  • Subjects: Countries Studies
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2099

Contribution of Amedeo Avogadro to Chemistry

He schooled in Turin and having come from a family background of lawyers, his career was oriented towards law whereby at the age of 16 years he had already become a bachelor of jurisprudence and [...]
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 583

Nanofabrication. Bottom-Up vs. Top-Down Method

Some of the chemical processes used in the bottom-up approach include sol-gel process, the reaction of molecules in a flask, reverse microemulsion and flame synthesis, which have been used to make silica nanoparticles, nanozeolite, nanocatalysts [...]
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 606

Smart Farming and Sustainable Agriculture

Smart farming allows for a wide range of options, from robotization and satellite imagery to the Internet of Things and the blockchain technology that increases the efficiency of crop cultivation by optimizing the use of [...]
  • Subjects: Agriculture
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2308

Providencia Rettgeri as an Unknown Microorganism

The common laboratory techniques employed in the identification of bacteria are the morphology of colonies and cells, biochemical reactions, physiological mechanisms, and genetic characteristics.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2203

Light Effects on Pea Seeds Germination

Based on the impact of seed size on the light requirement for germination, it was hypothesized that pea seeds would germinate well in the absence of sunlight than in the presence of sunlight.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Agriculture
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 951

Bhutan’s History, Geography, Politics, and Economy

In the 1616 CE period, the arrival of the Tibetan Lama fostered the introduction of the dual system of secular and religious government that is still practiced up to date in Bhutan.
  • Subjects: Countries Studies
  • Pages: 17
  • Words: 3023

Chemical Hazard of Plastic Industry

The rest of the report concentrates on the introspection of the chemical hazards of plastics, effects of the hazards, and then wide up by looking at possible solutions.
  • 1
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1680

Marxism in Development Geography

Marxist Geography is critical in nature, and it utilizes philosophy and theories of Marxism to look at the spatial relations of human Geography.
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1695

Role of Planning Professionals

The new guidelines have to follow the six steps of urban planning which include determining the objective of the urban plan, formulating the strategy, determining the number of inputs and outputs that will be used [...]
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 15
  • Words: 3996

Italian Culture

There is no post of the vice president in Italy and in the event that the president dies, elections will have to be held.
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1092

Singapore: Geography and Economy Review

3 percent in the service industry and 12. Because of the varied population and presence of foreigners, Singapore has a multi cultur.
  • Subjects: Countries Studies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1078

Kuala Lumpur Overview

The population growth of the Kuala Lumpur region varies from the core of the city to the suburbs. As much as there is a high population growth in the core, the growth of the population [...]
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 582

GIS Data Organization: Spatial Data Structure & Models

Apart from the difference between data and information, there is a huge gap between geographic data and data in general. Therefore, Fazal's Spatial data structure and models is a crucial piece of information that helps [...]
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2181

Essentials of Biodiversity

At the same time, the knowledge and a more informed understanding of the whole concept of biodiversity gives us the power to intervene in the event that we are faced by the loss of biodiversity, [...]
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1846

Physical, Human, and Economic Geography of Italians

Its neighbors include France Switzerland and Austria to the north, Slovenia along the Alps, and the Italian Peninsula, the islands Sicily, and Sardinia to the south in the Mediterranean ocean.
  • Subjects: Geography
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1371

Kinship of Family

In the above mentioned scenario it is certain that links that are based on blood are stronger and cannot be compared to links based on the marriage because the partners in marriage are united by [...]
  • Subjects: Anthropology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 728

Nationalism: Unity and Divisions

Nationalism is a core concept in anthropology that encompasses the desire for a collective identity and the belief in the value of one's social, political, and cultural group.
  • Subjects: Anthropology
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2861

Optimal Foraging Theory in Zoology

To increase fitness, an animal uses a foraging method that offers the most benefit for the least cost, maximizing the net energy obtained.
  • Subjects: Zoology
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 319

Basic and Applied Biology: Key Differences

The applied biology objective is to use the knowledge from basic science to solve potential problems affecting quality health, and an example is the Human Genome Project.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 347

Streptococcus Pyogenes Overview

Streptococcus pyogenes, a beta-hemolytic bacteria, is officially a member of the Streptococcaceae family, which is regarded as the most harmful member of the entire genus due to the vast range of illnesses associated with it.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 925

Analysis of Lab: Heat of Fusion of Water

In this experiment, information was collected regarding the mass of the calorimeter and bowl, the mass of the empty calorimeter, the water, and the contents: all raw data are shown in Table 1.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 798

The History of European Alchemy

The birth of this concept was found through the merger of the philosophies of Aristotle with Christian theology and for centuries predominantly found in Europe of the middle Ages and Renaissance.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 20
  • Words: 5823

“Regenesis” by George Church and Edward Regis

The ability to control living things has triggered a biotechnological revolution, which is only comparable to the changes that are witnessed in the information and communication technology.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1377

Bacteria Identification: Enterobacter Aerogenes

However, it is sensitive to most of the antibiotics specific to the bacterium although the sensitivity is easily lost due to its unique mechanism for resisting antibiotics particularly through the production of lactamase enzyme.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1096

Botany: The Beavertail Cactus

Phylum Angiospermae is known to dominate the land because it consists of the highest number of species in the kingdom Plantae. Beavertail cactus exhibits several structural modifications in the leaves, stems, roots and flowers.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 568

Religious vs Scientific Views on Genetic Engineering

With the need to increase the global economy, the field of agriculture is one among the many that have been used to improve the commercial production to take care of the global needs for food [...]
  • Subjects: Genetics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 826

Transgenic Animals: Methods and Reasons For Creating

Animal models have been used throughout the history of biology to facilitate the understanding of pathogenesis mechanisms, and in the development of effective therapies. The advantage of this method is in its ability to culture [...]
  • Subjects: Genetics
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2234

The Effect of Acetone on Wheat Seed Germination

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of Acetone on the germination of wheat seeds. As a result, the study focused on the effect of acetone on the germination of wheat seeds.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1704

The Experiment on Substitution Reactions of Alcohols

The purpose of the experiment is to study substitution reactions of alcohols because they can react as nucleophiles or electrophiles, depending on prevailing conditions of the reaction. This experiment illustrates the reaction of 1-butanol with [...]
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2059

Genetic Engineering Using a Pglo Plasmid

The objective of this experiment is to understand the process and importance of the genetic transformation of bacteria in real time with the aid of extrachromosomal DNA, alternatively referred to as plasmids.
  • Subjects: Genetics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1207

Origin and Evolution of Segmentation

In the article, "Origin and Evolution of Segmentation", the first hypothesis supports the independent segmentation in annelids, arthropods, and chordates. The first hypothesis predicts negligible similarities in the segmentation patterns of arthropods, chordates, and annelids.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 562

The Effect of Acid on Enzyme Activity

The addition of hydrochloric acid to the liver in beaker B lowered the pH for catalase. In beaker A, distilled water provided a neutral pH that was essential for the activity of catalase.
  • Subjects: Chemistry
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 621

Shapes of Cells and Their Functions

The structure of cells in the nervous system is characterised by their elongated shape, which corresponds to the tasks performed by them.
  • Subjects: Biology
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 855

Cultural Comparison of France, Italy, and Ireland

According to the tool's indicators, Ireland has the lowest power distancing rate if to compare with France and Italy. Then, uncertainty avoidance reveals the fact that France and Italy with the rates of 86 and [...]
  • Subjects: Countries Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 606

Pompeii: A Popular Archaeological Site

In light of this brief background, the discovery of Pompeii as an archaeological site was thus a rediscovery of the ancient town of Pompeii.
  • Subjects: Archeology
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 837