Philosophy Essay Examples and Topics. Page 4

2,279 samples

Paulo Freire’s Life, Philosophy and Teachings

Apart from the liberation theology, which resulted in a political uprising in the country forcing him to left the country, the other works of Freire include 'The Pedagogy of the Oppressed' and 'Education as the [...]
  • 1
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2427

Principles of Utilitarianism

At this point, the utilitarian theory is also associated with the tools that can provide individuals and community with happiness through recognition of felicity as the foundation of all human actions.
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 816

Constructive Disobedience

The Christian religion argues that obedience is one of the virtues that lead to salvation and an afterlife with one's creator. Such a view serves to ignore the entire nature of obedience and disobedience.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 828

Apollonian and Dionysian

Through the way art is expressed, people have a way of understand the thoughts of the author as well as understanding the message the author was trying to communicate.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1289

Crisis of the Modern World

This paper therefore seeks to address the crisis of modern science, how and why the religion and metaphysics continue with their long and slow decline as well the role of Romanticism in the crisis of [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1203

Louis Pojman’s Ethical Theory

Furthermore, due to the different laws and cultures in our world, it would be seemingly impossible to uphold such a rule According to Pojman, "the idea of rewarding the good and punishing the bad is [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 878

Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave” Analysis

It would not be an exaggeration to state that Plato's allegory of the cave only makes perfect sense if one views it in the light of the theory of forms.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 836

Main Branches of Philosophy

This is the study of value that surpasses the ability of a man to reason over the universe and its state on the whole.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 966

The Science and the Scientific Work

In the work The Scientific Life, Shapin writes: "The scientist was properly to be understood not on the model of the philosopher but on the model of the engineer and technician".
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3580

Comparing Kant and Kierkegaard

Kierkegaard uses the example of the New Testament story of Christ's raising of Lazarus from the dead to argue that while the human body dies, the spirit lives on and thus it is not fear [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 863

Rene Descartes: A Brief Perspective

However, as any numerologist would predict, born on the 31st of the month, a number 4, destined Descartes to search for the esoteric and the 'opposing' point of view.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 515

What is the Socratic Method?

The Socratic Method is also referred to as the Method of Elenchus or the Socratic Debate. It was after his friend from youth Chaerpon paid a visit to the Oracle of Delphi and deemed Socrates [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 547

Calvinism and Wesleyanism: Predestination vs. Free Will

On the one hand, the emphasis on the sovereignty of God has been the source of Reformed piety, the inspiration of the courage, self-sacrifice, and broad humanitarianism that has often marked the Children of Geneva.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 1956

Philosophy of Kantianism Critique

The ethics in Kantianism are deontological in nature which is based on the duty of the person instead of the emotional feelings and the goals.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 590

Socrates and the Root of Evil

The philosopher's inquiry into the nature of human morality was closely tied to the examination of how one could live his or her life in the most fulfilling manner.
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 911

Ontology and Epistemology in Leadership Research

In the frames of this research on leadership as a practice, it is impossible to clarify what has been already known, what could be expected, and what lessons could be offered. It is a practice [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1406

Bertrand’s Russell’s View on Religion

Specifically, the paper dwells on the origins Russell's agnosticism as well as the major arguments that were provided by the philosopher in support of his theory.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1393

Differences Between Confucianism and Daoism

For this reason, all men in the society are required to assist the authorities in the administration of the state. To a Confucian, the state is the guardian of every individual, and should be protected.
  • 4.5
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1395

Harm Principle

Thus, according to the principle, an individual has the right to do whatever he or she wills unless the action brings harm to others and that is the only time power should be used to [...]
  • 3.5
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1153

Philosophy of Leisure and Recreation

Deriving from the above distinction, leisure is the time at one's disposal to perform the non-routine activities and is usually rooted in the mind.
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 593

Charles Mills vs. John Locke

Mills's viewpoint on human moral equality To prove that Mills's position is wrong, one is to read Locke's arguments on the state of equality.
  • Subjects: Law Philosophy
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1327

Michel Foucault: Views on Prisons and Psychiatric Hospitals

The main concern of Foucault consists in the way technology has influenced quest for power among the ruling class in the society, and also the reason as to why the society is violating the rules [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1143

Importance of Knowing Yourself and Your Enemy

Dealing with people and trying to combat them, it is important to be aware of their abilities as the outcome of the battle also depends on whether one knows the strengths and weaknesses of an [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1368

St Augustine’s Philosophy

God's presence in an individual enables him/her to achieve goals that are consistent with the provisions of the church. They belong to the city of the damned and are responsible for their actions.
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 825

The Mind and the Body

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the consequences and key concepts involved in the development of the mind-body philosophy and offer personal suggestions or opinions over the issue of relationship between the [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3265

Ancient Greek and Roman Cynicism

It could be claimed that the philosophy of Cynicism emphasizes living simply and self-sufficiently but may overlook the benefits of material possessions and community, risking isolation and missing out on social interaction.
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 676

Observation and Theory in Aristotle’s Scientific Practice

Aristotle focuses on the distinction between the unobservable and observables, the content and structure of observation reports, and the epistemic importance of observational evidence for the theories he aims to access.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1941

Locke’s and Berkeley’s Theories on Knowledge

He explores the forms of cognition and considers the question of the sources of the formation of ideas and concepts. Locke believes that external experience and perception give ideas of such qualities that belong to [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 570

The Role of Disposition in Human Action

Aristotle also states that the disposition that is acquired through the constant repetition of virtuous deeds and the development of habit is the basis of human action.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1581

Knowledge Skepticism: The Impossibility of Skepticism

However, with the development of skeptical thought, the common field of inquiry regarding skepticism became more local, more focused on specific ideas, such as the validity of human perception, the search for universal truths, and [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 14
  • Words: 3919

Culture Values Expression through Humanities

Poetry and religion, other subjects under humanities, have also influenced the expression of culture's values. Culture's values are a result of the combined efforts of people who viewed life from different points of view.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 573

Skepticism and Its Implications

This essay seeks to explain skepticism, exemplify its propositions regarding the unreliability of normal sources of knowledge, and address the theory's implications and possible responses to its proponents.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 673

How Plato and Epicurus Viewed Help for People

In the Republic, Plato gives a detailed analysis of the "good" while Epicurus describes the notion of "good life" in his Letter to Monoeceus. The conversations between Glaucon and Socrates help the reader equate and [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1175

Self-Ownership and Absolute Private Property Rights

Robert Nozick is one of the renowned libertarian thinkers of the twentieth century who proposed a variety of ideas and concepts related to the topics of individual freedom and rights.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 896

Kantian Ethics Definition and Description

The idea of humanity forms the second approach to the categorical imperative and it indicates that people should treat each other as ends and not as means to an end.
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1114

The Process of Needs Assessment

For the process of needs assessment, it was primarily crucial to observe the communication in the group and identify the areas which seemed to lack expertise and professionalism from the organization members.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1131

John Stuart Mill’s “On Liberty“ Book Analysis

One of the fundamental concerns of social and political philosophy has been the topic of what levels of restrictions if any, should be placed on the liberty of a nation's inhabitants.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 562

Greek Philosophies of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle

It is argued that the origin of philosophy as a discipline owes its origin to the contribution of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle."Socrates' contribution to the love of wisdom was manifested by the belief that philosophy [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 564

The Problem of the External World

This great thinker had conducted a research on the issue and stood on the idea of physical inexistence due to the fact that is clearly detailed in his Meditations, in which he sought to establish [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 987

Nature and Convention Relation

For harmony to prevail, human beings have to live in accordance to the two kinds of order; that is nature and convention.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1124

Politics and Ethics in Plato’s Republic

After the Peloponnesian war, he was convinced by his uncle to join the oligarchical rules of Athens but as an alternative, he joined his two brothers in becoming a student of Socrates.
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1288

Ambiguity in Diplomatic Discourse: Pros and Cons

In other words, it tries to put of the problem to a later time which is not predictable. With this kind of ambiguity then it is never easy to to seek redress on failure of [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1150

George W.F. Hegel: The Role of Family

According to Hegel's concept of the ethical life of the family, it is very essential to have the love which is said to be the spirit of feeling of ones own strength of mind of [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 3623

Philosophy: Is Patriotism a Virtue?

Hence, in the above context, patriotism is the feeling that arises from the concerns of the safety of the people of a nation.
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1567

Heidegger’s Argument on Dasein and Being

His studies point to the fact that only when a man begins to inquire about the meaning of Being [Dasien] and its presence in the beings of experience does he grasp his own essential reality [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 568

“In Praise of Idleness” by Bertrand Russell

The author makes an assumption that the net result of economic habits is to fund the armed forces of the country because people lend savings to the government.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 601

Xenophanes’ Knowledge Theory in Fragment 10

The philosopher indicates that the process of acquiring knowledge only reveals what is close to the truth. It emphasized the idea that people, not gods, were responsible for their words, thoughts, and actions, which also [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 1009

What Is Social Justice?

To my mind, the two most important principles of justice that should be used to govern within a just society are the selection of highly virtuous state leaders and government representatives to put in charge [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 895

Continental Philosophy Approach

The discussion addresses the query of whether continental philosophy considers that sensible human agency has the potential to alter the setting of people's experience.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 587

Plato and Socrates on the Ideal Leader’s Virtues

In the context of a community, different factors contribute to the definition of this ultimate success. This is important, as people in the community will stand a chance to achieve the higher statuses that they [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 929

Plato’s and Aristotle’s Theories of Human Nature

Chapter five of Kupperman's book "Theories of human nature" looks at great philosophers, namely Plato's and Aristotle's points of view in trying to define humanity. The writer tries to illustrate the complexity of defining a [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 301

Karl Marx’s Philosophy: Camera Obscura

The creation of thoughts, notions and consciousness are initially intertwined with the material activity of human beings. Creation of ideas and intellectual ability begin to be seen at this phase as the direct product of [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 235

Philosophy of Scientific Knowledge

This issue leads us to the necessity of defining something within the scope of the experiment while leaving out the areas not covered by it. What are the values these principles bring to the field [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 659

Extended Lifespan and Its Great Danger

The revolution in science and the appearance of new technologies triggered a new wave of vigorous discussions about the possibility of the creation of a scientific approach that would help to extend the average human [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1182

Kant’s “Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals”

Although the principles from Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals can be considered as associated with authoritarian ethics or reflecting other views on humanistic ethics, Kant's work presents a system of ethics that is similar [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1384

The Meanings of Lives by Susan Wolf

Although the idea of searching for the meaning of life does not seem original enough, the difference between the common meaning of life and the essence of life for each and every individual is worth [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 546

Richard Rorty’s Philosophy of Truth

This is probably the main pitfalls that should be avoided because it can pose a threat to a great number of people or society, in general. This is one of the issues that should not [...]
  • 1
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1103

“The Apology” a Work by Plato

I will also aim to explore the validity of a suggestion that, while pointing out that no one is wiser than Socrates, the Oracle of Delphi meant to say that people are being just as [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1674

John Stuart Mill and Charles Darwin: Philosophers Comparison

To a great extent, they profoundly influenced people's views on the origins of life, the transformation of society and the behavior of an individual within the community. This is one of the main details that [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2201

Money, Success, and Relation Between Them

In particular, the modern generation attaches so much importance to money in the sense that success and money are presumed to be one and the same thing.
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2255

Perfect Island Theory vs God’s Existence

In summary, Descartes implies that since we do have an idea of a being that is all powerful and perfect, and since we can distinctly and clearly assign the attribute of necessarily existence to this [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 911

Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre

The Judeo-Christian religious tradition insists that it is necessary for the soul to be viewed as being in a constant fight with the body in an attempt to transcend the temptations of the flesh. The [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2755

Philosophy: What Is Confucianism?

Confucius taught that the role of the elders is to teach the youth and the role of the youth is to learn from the elders.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2791

Philosophy Issues: Kantianism and Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism can be explained using the principle of 'the end justifies the means', meaning if the end of a processor action is good, then the means of arriving at that end are also good and [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1370

Views on Writing Style by Plato, Aristotle and Dante

In the end of a dialogue or a debate, the truth is supposed to emerge from the clash of the two opinions, and the defeated one is morally obliged to accept the force of a [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 580

The Concept of Essence

The state of being is crucially determined by the principle of fundamentalism, which in turn leads to the essence of an object."The attributes, singly or collectively that make an object of a substance what it [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 15
  • Words: 4151

Qualitative and Quantitative Methodologies

From this point, the purpose of this research paper is to evaluate the current debates on the acceptability of using quantitative and qualitative methodologies and to discuss the possibility of creating the effective integrated inquiry [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2209

Socrates by Aristophanes and Plato

In "The Apology" by Plato, the characterization of Socrates is tied to the fact that the setting of the book was Socrates' execution.
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1652

Concept of Ontology in Philosophy

Ontology as a name was developed from a Greek word 'onto' which means 'being' or 'that which is.' Ontology is a branch of metaphysics that deals with issues about the existence of entities, and how [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 567

The Pragmatic Superiority of Existential Atheism

Ivan maintains that the world is unjust and, therefore, he cannot accept God's world if it allows the continuation of evils such as the suffering of children.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1800

Arthur Schopenhauer

His most renowned work was the book, 'The World as a Will and Representation' whose main theme is the dissatisfaction that people have in life hence will live to achieve the level of satisfaction that [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1452

Popper on Corroboration

Popper is of the view that induction belongs to the non-science category. In Popper's view, the best-tested theory remains the best approach to scientific research.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 309

Comparison Between Confucius and Han Feizi

Apart from the fact that he said Confucianism was responsible for the wars that were beleaguering the country; he also was extremely critical of morals and societal rotting that he witnessed.
  • 3.7
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1346

Cosmopolitanism

According to Holinger, a world class citizen relates well with other groups, and all human beings: Cosmopolitan is about justice, which should be evident in all aspects and it must be the one governing the [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 790

Symbol as an Integral Part of a Human’s Life

In spite of the fact that author takes the symbols rather as a notion than as an object, some researchers take it even further, expanding the meaning of a symbol to the whole culture.
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 968

Max Weber’ and Clifford Geertz’ Views on Religion

Geertz's and Weber's argument is that religion influences the actions of various group members because it is larger as compared to the actions of any individual in a group.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1333

Plato’s Visions of Beauty and Déjà Vu

From this point, beauty can be discussed as the attribute of things and as the independent form, and deja vu is the example of the reality as illusion because the life is only the reflection [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 812

The Freedom Concept

The thing is that there are societies in which the individual freedom of a person is practically non-existent, for instance, one can mention North Korea.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 841

Camus on Philosophical Suicide

One of the thoughts that Camus laid down for his argument is the idea that once the abstract nature of the world is revealed to an individual, a person develops attitudes that are connected to [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 542

Hobbes and Locke on the Issue of Equality

The concept of equality is significant in the discussion of liberty, property, and the role of government in the lives of people.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1333

“Who is a hero?”

In the ancient times, a hero in the Greek was regarded as a person with overwhelming courage to face the challenges that affected the community, some of the common challenges of the ancient times included [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 847

Five Relations of Confucianism

The weakness of this doctrine is that the happiness of the people is in the hands of the ruling class, which tends to default and exploit ordinary people.
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 892

Camus and Feinberg on Absurdity of Human Condition

In the Myth of Sisyphus, Camus summarizes the concept of the absurd and the realization of its existence as the encounter with the reality that the world is irrational.
  • 1
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 2053

Philippa Foot’s System of Hypothetical Imperatives

Foot argues that morality should be presented as a system of hypothetical imperatives due to the fact that morality does not differ from anything else, for example, etiquette.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 279

Ayn Rand’s Theory of Rational Egoism

The theory of rational egoism developed by Ayn Rand seems an optimal approach to the resolution of personal and societal issues from the moral perspective despite the presence of contradicting opinions in this regard.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 293

Determinism and Free Will Controversy

The problem of determinism is that applying such a system to an individual would bring it to the point of absurdity.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 677

Understandings of Philosophical Anthropology

From any perspective, the two disciplines agree to some extent that human beings form the subject of the quest for knowledge. The study of philosophical anthropology helps in understanding the nature of humankind concerning the [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 635

Natural and Revealed Law: American Political Philosophy

While its roots go back to Ancient Greece and Rome, natural law has remained a part of modern history.[1] In particular, the rise of Christianity contributed to the evolution of natural and revealed law and [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 769

Epictetus’ Ideas in Philosophy

It can be concluded that difficult life situations have contributed to the development of Epictetus' view of the world and motivated them to share his knowledge with people.
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1005

Classical and Modern Liberalism

Classical liberalism focused on the issues of political and economic freedoms, the natural rights of the individual, and the social contract. The novelty of the ideas of classical liberalism is based on the European and [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1106

Epistemology, Rationalism vs. Empiricism

Studying it, obtaining new and new facts, enlarging his knowledge, man started to think not only about the principles of the functioning of the surrounding world, but about the ways his percepts the information and [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 512