Philosophy Essay Examples and Topics. Page 12

2,075 samples

Care Ethics: Role of Feelings and Reason

The ethics of care recognizes that human beings are dependent for the most part of their lives and dependent people have a pressing moral claim to care in order to live and progress.
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 650

Confucian Concept of Ren

In other words, the ideal ruler is able to bring peace to the whole world. Confucius evaluated the justice of warfare applying more general ideals related to good government and leader."Even in the nonideal world [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1809

The Socratic Method: Fostering Critical Thinking

The Socratic Method is a philosophical mode of questioning that involves the investigation of connotations of other situations that are related to the topic of inquiry itself.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 558

Tao-Te-Ching – Relevance in the Modern World

Dating back to a time that is almost difficult to imagine, the Tao-te-ching brings into the spotlight, the need for a seamless coexistence between spiritual progress on the one hand and the development of technological [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 861

Knowledge and Information Trustworthiness

Whenever any discussion comes to the issue of knowledge, the subject will definitely be addressed from the matter of the truth and the facts.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1487

Kant’s Deontological Ethics Review

Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals underlines that autonomy acts as the link between the analysis of morality and the moral will and free will.
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1862

Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics Analysis

When faced with the option of an apple of a muffin, a good person would choose the apple, because the part of the soul that desired the muffin would be controlled by self-control, the part [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1405

Calvinism and Wesleyanism: Predestination vs. Free Will

On the one hand, the emphasis on the sovereignty of God has been the source of Reformed piety, the inspiration of the courage, self-sacrifice, and broad humanitarianism that has often marked the Children of Geneva.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 1956

Philosophical Thought by Nietzsche

He is examining the notion of autonomy and what truly constitutes an autonomous act and arrives at the understanding that what is important in the question of free will is the rationale behind the choice [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2177

Kant and Enlightenment Relations

In the time of what is called the "Enlightenment" period where there was resurgence and rejuvenation in Europe in matters regarding the purpose of human life and the flowering of the sciences, there was also [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 807

German and Jews – Mendelssohn and Lessing

The thesis of the paper is "Sacrificing truth for friendship is a way to understand the shortcomings of progress". In this play, Lessing identifies a Jew as a champion of friendship and the enemy of [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1619

“The End of History and the Last Man” by Francis Fukuyama

Fukuyama suggests that 'it was in the highly complex and dynamic "post-industrial" economic world that Marxism-Leninism as an economic system met it's Waterloo', and he observes that 'by the end of the 1980s China, the [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 13
  • Words: 3821

Politics Affect Individuals Analysis

Because of the discussion we have had regarding politics, the political system, the relationship of sociology and politics, and even the economics of politics, I realized that politics affects all individuals, the society, the country, [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 531

What Does Rorty Mean By Kicking the Philosophy Habit?

Richard Rorty is right in saying that the left is the party of hope. In the concluding remarks of Philosophy and Social Hope, Rorty gives a number of good reasons why it is "abruptly improbable" [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 928

Spinoza’ Thoughts on Human Freedom

The human being was once considered of as the Great Amphibian, or the one who can exclusively live in the two worlds, a creature of the physical world and also an inhabitant of the spiritual, [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 2775

The Teachings of Plato Socrates and Machiavelli

In The Apology, Socrates stands before a jury of his peers accused of "committing an injustice, in that he inquires into things below the earth and in the sky, and makes the weaker argument the [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 975

Socrates Figure: Based on “The Apology” by Plato

This is evidenced within the text of the Apology as Socrates begins his defense of himself against the old enemies that have spoken falsely "telling of one Socrates, a wise man, who speculated about the [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 1384

Presidents Misdeeds: Ethics and Critical Thinking

The same applies to what is right and what is wrong that is what is right or wrong differs from individual to individual, group to group, society to society.
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 933

Heidegger’s Argument on Dasein and Being

His studies point to the fact that only when a man begins to inquire about the meaning of Being [Dasien] and its presence in the beings of experience does he grasp his own essential reality [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 568

Bentham’s and Mill’s Theory of Utility

In other words, his theory of utility is based on the principle of moral obligation: the greatest pleasure for the greatest number of people who are involved or affected by the action performed by one [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 636

Aristotle: Natural Changes and His Theory of Form

The form of an object is the arrangement of the comprising components making up the object in focus. This is the counterpart of the subjects of predication in the Categories.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 556

“In Praise of Idleness” by Bertrand Russell

The author makes an assumption that the net result of economic habits is to fund the armed forces of the country because people lend savings to the government.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 601

Living By Own Convictions Philosophy Analysis

He did his duties as a citizen, and stoically bore the privations of poverty and a shrewish wife.he did not expound his philosophies, but rather chose to converse with people and by the very act [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1198

The Concept of Epiphenomenalism

According to consciousness, the flow of information goes from the mental aspect to the physical aspect, which means that consciousness rise due to the interaction of the physical as well as the mental and cognitive [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1644

The Socratic Legacy or the Cynic Legacy

The Socratic legacy understand that the moral life is the best life for the agent thus has the central role of linking Socrates' intuitions of the pre-eminence of morality with the theory of uniform self-interested [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 981

Plato and Aristotle Thoughts on Politics

Aristotle emphasized that the lawgiver and the politician occupied the constitution and the state wholly and defined a citizen as one who had the right to deliberate or participate in the matters of the judicial [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1651

What Leads to Cooperation and Competition

It is the practice of individuals or larger societal entities working in common with mutually agreed-upon goals and possibly methods, instead of working separately in competition, and in which the success of one is dependent [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 1504

Comparing the Portrayal of Socrates as Philosophical Martyr

Accomplishing the first claim of the assignment, it is necessary to emphasize, that Socrates as a historical person is viewed as the philosopher and sage who always lived in poverty, and Socrates is often regarded [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 902

Philosophy Schools Metaphysical Dualism

Following Descartes, the essence of the mind is thought, the essence of the body is the extension. The boundary between the mind and the body is grounded in the distinction between the intelligent and the [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1468

Philosophical Perspectives on Death and Dying

These are fear of premature death, fear of the idea of death, fear of the dying process, fear of the death of significant others, fear of the unknown, fear of being destroyed, fear of the [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2520

Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, David Hume

Hume's critique of theology is driven by and expressed as a suspicion that natural theology is for the most part an unconscious effort to rationalize and legitimate a preexisting and culturally acquired religious view of [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1924

The Concept of Success From Different Aspects

Bessie Stanley, the author of the poem, What is a success, described success as, "He has achieved success who has lived well, laughed often, and loved much; Who has enjoyed the trust of pure women, [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1418

Comparative Eastern Influence on European Religion

They are based on philosophies that so much influence the life of the people in these regions. Confucianism advocated for social responsibility and that is why it has influenced the people of china for a [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 606

John Locke and His Epistemological View of Matter

It is very clear that John Locke's theory about material things understanding and perceiving them is an attempt to contribute to the advancement of epistemology. Locke was mistaken in assuming that there is nothing certain [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 3195

Machiavelli’s ‘The Prince’ Review

This book can be understood as the first modern text of political theory in the West because it sets down a pattern of conduct and policy which a "wise" sovereign should follow if he desires [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 711

“The Republic” by Plato Review

The allegory of the cave illustrates the place of the form of the good at the top of Plato's hierarchy. It addresses the images of education and governance.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1481

Buddhism in Koryo Analysis

Although some of the concepts similar to the teachings Buddhism had spread to Paschke and Koguyo, the places inhabited by the Koryo people, the religion preached by Buddha could not be firmly established in two [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 871

Meeting of Buddhist Monks and Nuns

The stupa became a symbol of the Buddha, of his final release from the cycle of birth and rebirth - the Parinirvana or the "Final Dying," the monk explained. He explained that the main Buddha [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2097

Karl Mark as an Economic Philosopher

The central concepts of Marxist economics include the theory of labor value, the disposition of production, and the inevitable conflicts between the classes.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 614

Ethical Philosophy: Moral Relativism

The idea that man is inherently selfish and is motivated only by his fundamental needs is not a new one. The idea is that any act of a human being requires some basic motivational factor.
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 681

Logic and Insight in Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave”

The world outside the cave is the logical place; which is reachable to logic but not to insight; the voyage outside of the cave into daylight of the world is the soul's inclination to the [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 515

Philosophy of Kantianism Critique

The ethics in Kantianism are deontological in nature which is based on the duty of the person instead of the emotional feelings and the goals.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Concept
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 590

The Concept of Political System by Carl Schmitt

The state is exhausted in official activity under the authority of positive law, which leads to the liberal claim that the state of exception is a state of lawlessness.
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1248

Ethical Egoism: Arguments For and Against

In personal ethical egoists, the belief is that one should pursue his or her own interest without telling other people what they are ought to do.
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 689

Theory of Justice According to Plato

The next task is to find the existence and nature of justice in this state. Plato adds to this that justice is "the principle of doing one's own business".
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2465

American Government’s Power and Abuse

In the role of representatives of the people, it is prudent that the legislators seek to act in the best interest of the majority of the people and to do so with its input.
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 541

The Great Philosophers: Spinoza, Bentham, Mill, Kant

The interpretation of good and bad is dependent upon the context in which it is perceived. The philosophers Bentham and Mill associated the concept of utilitarianism with the study of ethics.
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 557

Ethical Egoism vs. Altruism Theory

In philosophy, egoism is the theory that one is self is or should be; the motivation of one's action. This divergence can be explained further using the following features of the concept of ethical egoism: [...]
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1294

Public Opinion: The Image of Democracy by Lippmann

He is of the opinion that America political writers and the political class deliberately blocks public opinion to serve their own interests; "The existence of a force called public opinion is in the main taken [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 840

Absolute Knowledge Issues Analysis

The quest for absolute knowledge is fruitless because not a single person is able to claim with certainty that the specific idea or knowledge is absolute. Knowledge is the result of examination of ideas to [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 640

Anaximander’s vs. Greek and Darwin’s Theories

He was one of the first proponents of science as the positive and pragmatic knowledge needed for understanding the world and manipulating different things and processes.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 756

Zhuangzi Philosophy and Theorem of Language

He lived during the reign of King Hui of Liang and the time of King Xuan of ai. He was from the town of Meng which was situated in the state of song.
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1577

Master Zhuang’s Philosophical Theory of Freedom

Zhuang Zi is the name for both the traditional sinological transcription of the name of the putative author, and of the title of his major work Zhuang Zi."Chuang Tzu" is simply the transliteration according to [...]
  • Subjects: Freedom Philosophy
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 2066

Minister: Temptations, Blessings, and Rule of Life

The temptation to be relevant is likely to affect the life of a minister in case they forget that serving the Lord and following His Word should be the focus of their efforts and, instead, [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 13
  • Words: 3630

Chapter 6 of “Philosophy of Religion” by Rowe

During this week, Chapter 6, "Faith and Reason", has to be analyzed to contribute to the discussion of theism and atheism and clarify the connection between faith and reasons.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 312

Philosophy of Evil and Suffering in Christianity

People are free to share their opinions and beliefs, but one thing remains the same that the presence of evil and suffering in human life disrupts the idea of God's supernatural powers.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 289

Hobbes’ Ontology within “Leviathan”

Nevertheless, Hobbes seems to distinguish his writings on the Law of Nature from realistic conditions, with the philosophy based on maxims of the knowledge of human nature and behavior that apply moral precepts on science [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 475

Faith and Critical Reason Issues

My understanding of faith is close to the definition suggested by Tilley, who argues that faith is the relationship between the person who has faith and that "which one has faith in".
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1410

Views and Theories on the War in Ancient Times

The Peloponnesian War was a significant period in the history of the Mediterranean region, which caused the deterioration of the power of Athens and made Sparta the key city-state in the area.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1165

David Hume’s Gnoseological Skepticism

One of the main criticisms of David Hume's gnoseological model has been traditionally reflective of the assumption that being strongly reductionist denies the possibility for people to be able to attain a complete understanding of [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1405

Stoics and Epicureans’ Philosophies of Life

In their respective teachings, namely, Enchiridion and Meditations, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius provide insightful thoughts regarding the philosophy of life as depicted in the course of people's search for happiness and improved livelihood. The Epicurean [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1414

Political Legitimacy Matrix

Locke states that people are "constantly exposed to the invasion of others...and the greater part no strict observers of equity and justice, the enjoyment of the property he has in this state is very unsafe". [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 858

Karl Marx’s Ideas on Private Property

At the same time, the philosopher believed that in order to realize the full potential of humanity and every individual, the practice of alienated labor, as well as private ownership and class division associated with [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1116

The Art and Danger of the Question

The study of ancient thinkers' philosophical arguments, their concepts, and the interpretation of certain social norms and laws is the goal of the educational course and the work conducted during this period.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1189

Value Judgments in Scientific Research

This is because the inductive risk, or the risk of error in rejecting or confirming a scientific hypothesis, forces scientists to make value judgments.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Science
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 560

Chapter VIII of Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations”

As for the wages and labor section of The Wealth of Nations, it appears that Smith regards workers as a homogenous human capital with transferable and, hence, subject to substitution.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 1003

Fine-Tuning Teleological Argument and Objections

The objection states that the observation that humanity exists is claimed to support the fine-tuning argument. Therefore, the people who use fine-tuning to prove God's existence do not deny the possibility of non-carbon life.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1191

Plato’s Ideal State: Self-Enclosed and Unstable

Plato's proposed alternative is the rule of a philosopher-king a wise person able to see the essence of justice and, consequently, have the precise knowledge rather than a mere opinion of what is right.
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1386

Seneca 8-19 vs. Hannah Arendt and Seneca 20-27 vs. Cohen

In my belief, it is much better to avoid overthinking, be ready to accept any situation, and realize the fact that regardless of all problems and challenges, human beings are born to be happy as [...]
  • Subjects: Life Philosophy
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1012

Heroism and the Pursuit of a Meaningful Life

The concept of the meaning of life is a broad and contested topic in the literature. A sense of belonging is an essential facet of heroism and human social life in general.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1175

The Philosophies of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton

Hamilton envisioned the U.S.under the guidance of a strong federal government that can interfere in and manage the economy of the country, believing that the concept of a single united nation is more important than [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 599

Dan Korman: God Could Not Allow Suffering

The main idea of the argument is that much hatred and injustice in the world do not harmonize with the image of God, who is omnibeing, loving, wise, and fair.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1112

Socrates and the Root of Evil

The philosopher's inquiry into the nature of human morality was closely tied to the examination of how one could live his or her life in the most fulfilling manner.
  • Subjects: Ethical Philosophy
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 911

Morality and Religion: What Is Moral Behavior?

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion by attempting to give an insight into what constitutes moral and immoral behavior as well as the relationship that exists between morality and religion.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 907

Military and Political Leadership

According to Yeginsu, the "coolness and rhetorical skill" of the Kurdish politician Demirtas helped him become the primary opposition against the current leader of the country President Erdogan.
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 575

John Locke’s Ideas on Citizens and Authorities

However, because of the nature of any philosophical assumption and because of the further evolution of our societies, some of these ideas can be doubted using some arguments that are relevant to the modern world.
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1104

Political Discourse: Marx, Locke, and Rousseau

Applying this idea to human society, the existence of multiple opinions and perspectives on the same issues can be taken as the guaranty of the emergence of some new concepts that appear while debating or [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1091

Immanuel Kant’s Life and Philosophy

Immanuel Kant is considered the most influential philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment and one of the greatest Western thinkers of all times.
  • Subjects: Philosophers
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1230

Classical Antiquity and Christian-Based Philosophy

The distinctive features between the two concepts described are in the tools of knowledge, in particular, the subject, methods, and the ways of achieving the truth.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1098

Socrates as a Christian Thinker

The third argument that can be employed to discuss whether Socrates was a Christian thinker is the philosopher's loyalty to his people.
  • Subjects: Philosophy of Religion
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1110

Maurice Merleau-Ponty: How to Know Reality?

The arrangements that were exposed by the means of the exploration in solid-state physical science or molecular environmental science have to be contained within the possibility of his analysis on the same level as the [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1039

Happiness in “Nicomachean Ethics” by Aristotle

The philosopher compares the life of gratification to that of slaves; the people who prefer this type of happiness are "vulgar," live the same life as "grazing animals," and only think about pleasure.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 353

Nature of Emotions in “Ethics” by Spinoza

A common feature for all emotions is that they are related to the mind "insofar as it is active" and, at the same time, they are associated with "pleasure and desire".
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 301

Prejudices in “Ethics” by Spinoza

The argument against this prejudice is that people are ignorant and do not realize that there are certain reasons for their desires.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 277

Meditation Two: Concerning the Nature of the Human Mind

Why does he argue that the "I" is a thinking thing, and what counts for him as "thinking"? Therefore, the philosopher's understanding of a "thinking thing" is related to such processes as analysis, meditation, and [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 622

Descartes’ and Socrates’ Doubt and Quest for Truth

However, doubting everything as proposed by Descartes is wrong because it may make us discard almost all of our knowledge.....in preparing the easiest way for us to withdraw the mind from the senses Descartes questions [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 888

Robert Nozick’s Conditions for Knowledge

The problem of Gettier is that such factors as the existence of a particular belief, as well as the truth of the proposition, do not reach universality and concreteness as it encounters counterexamples demonstrating the [...]
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1115

Perdurance Versus Endurance: Theories Comparison

For instance, the supporters of the hypothesis often tend to the ideas of the theory of relativity, where they consider time as the unit of measurement that does not have constant indicators.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Theories
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 294

Idealist Philosophy After World War I

Although I disagree with the philosophy of idealism, it is a fact that it managed to create a better world following the events of World War I.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 473

Greek Legacy in a Contemporary Democratic State

This may be one of the reasons that the application of ethics bestowed upon citizens in Ancient Greece led to its success, and to be referred to as one of the best democracies of its [...]
  • Subjects: Political Philosophies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1138

Descartes’ Philosophy: Thinking Proves Existence

To support his claims, the intellectual compares the qualities of mind and body and deduces that they cannot be the same thing since the body is divisible and mind is whole.
  • Subjects: Philosophical Works
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 853