Philosophy Essay Examples and Topics. Page 12

The idea that man is inherently selfish and is motivated only by his fundamental needs is not a new one. The idea is that any act of a human being requires some basic motivational factor.

The ethics in Kantianism are deontological in nature which is based on the duty of the person instead of the emotional feelings and the goals.

The state is exhausted in official activity under the authority of positive law, which leads to the liberal claim that the state of exception is a state of lawlessness.

In personal ethical egoists, the belief is that one should pursue his or her own interest without telling other people what they are ought to do.

Knowing that some of the beliefs of philosophy are opposite to the beliefs of the Christian doctrine and ignoring it is just not acceptable.

Singer, the philosopher, and author of the article makes it clear that the extension of the basic principle of equality from one group to another does not imply that both groups are to be treated [...]

Knowledge of the bases of Muslim doctrine is rather variously at various layers of the population and in the different countries of traditional distribution of Islam.

He claims that the self-preservation of an individual is the primary factor that motivates the formation of society and induces the transfer of some of the liberties to a common power.

In the chapter entitled "The concept of essence", Marcuse defines the philosophical construct of the essence as the abstraction and isolation of the one true form of existence from a multitude of changing appearances, and [...]

In that period, the epistles of Paul to the Ephesians and the Corinthians and his preaching to the Athenians were all aimed at a Greek audience.

In the role of representatives of the people, it is prudent that the legislators seek to act in the best interest of the majority of the people and to do so with its input.

The interpretation of good and bad is dependent upon the context in which it is perceived. The philosophers Bentham and Mill associated the concept of utilitarianism with the study of ethics.

Soon, Oedipus also understands that the prophecy has come true and that he is the source of the curse for the kingdom.

In philosophy, egoism is the theory that one is self is or should be; the motivation of one's action. This divergence can be explained further using the following features of the concept of ethical egoism: [...]

He is of the opinion that America political writers and the political class deliberately blocks public opinion to serve their own interests; "The existence of a force called public opinion is in the main taken [...]

The quest for absolute knowledge is fruitless because not a single person is able to claim with certainty that the specific idea or knowledge is absolute. Knowledge is the result of examination of ideas to [...]

For several times in the course of life I became convinced in the fact that the more a person knows the more he or she needs to know.

According to the frame of the course of miracles, the work of the Holy Spirit is to teach us forgiveness, which acts as a corrective measure of the ego.

He was one of the first proponents of science as the positive and pragmatic knowledge needed for understanding the world and manipulating different things and processes.

He lived during the reign of King Hui of Liang and the time of King Xuan of ai. He was from the town of Meng which was situated in the state of song.

As a position is defined, it is continually questioned and counter-questioned, eventually bringing the conversation around to a point where the original response is contradicted by the responder while the way in which it is [...]

Basically, the political obligation can be considered as the duty of the members of the population and the people of the nation to abide by the laws and the provisions of the constitution.

Zhuang Zi is the name for both the traditional sinological transcription of the name of the putative author, and of the title of his major work Zhuang Zi."Chuang Tzu" is simply the transliteration according to [...]

The allegory is preceded by the analogy of the divided line and metaphor of the son. Descartes is considered to be one of the greatest rationalists.

It should be noted that unlike other reactions to these changes Adorno and Benjamin's stances have critical potential as both these authors can be placed within the Left tradition of philosophical thought.

Concepts of the roles and duties have differed across civilizations and many discourses, books, and precepts have been offered to the young prince about how to conduct themselves in the affairs of the state.

The temptation to be relevant is likely to affect the life of a minister in case they forget that serving the Lord and following His Word should be the focus of their efforts and, instead, [...]

The idea of immortality is one of the key themes that are discussed in theism in terms of the problem of evil.

Rowe used the opinions of several theologians, Bultmann and Hume, to explain the essence of a miracle and its relation to religion.

At the same time, I cannot comprehend why the work of God is hard to interpret as a violation of the law of nature. As a rule, people like to believe that it is the [...]

2 Both ideas make sense, and the goal of this review is to compare the opinions of James and Clifford to strengthen an understanding of the connection between beliefs, evidence, and sentiments.

People are free to share their opinions and beliefs, but one thing remains the same that the presence of evil and suffering in human life disrupts the idea of God's supernatural powers.

My understanding of faith is close to the definition suggested by Tilley, who argues that faith is the relationship between the person who has faith and that "which one has faith in".

The Peloponnesian War was a significant period in the history of the Mediterranean region, which caused the deterioration of the power of Athens and made Sparta the key city-state in the area.

In their respective teachings, namely, Enchiridion and Meditations, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius provide insightful thoughts regarding the philosophy of life as depicted in the course of people's search for happiness and improved livelihood. The Epicurean [...]

Locke states that people are "constantly exposed to the invasion of others...and the greater part no strict observers of equity and justice, the enjoyment of the property he has in this state is very unsafe". [...]

The present paper will explore the characteristics that make Bartleby a man of his time and comment on the opposition between the character and the narrator.

At the same time, the philosopher believed that in order to realize the full potential of humanity and every individual, the practice of alienated labor, as well as private ownership and class division associated with [...]

The study of ancient thinkers' philosophical arguments, their concepts, and the interpretation of certain social norms and laws is the goal of the educational course and the work conducted during this period.

This is because the inductive risk, or the risk of error in rejecting or confirming a scientific hypothesis, forces scientists to make value judgments.

The world of The Matrix is one of the examples of the precarity of that, which may be called the real world as perceived by the beholder.

As for the wages and labor section of The Wealth of Nations, it appears that Smith regards workers as a homogenous human capital with transferable and, hence, subject to substitution.

Those that believe in God are on the positive side of the wager, while those that do not are on the negative side.

The objection states that the observation that humanity exists is claimed to support the fine-tuning argument. Therefore, the people who use fine-tuning to prove God's existence do not deny the possibility of non-carbon life.

The philosopher indicates that the process of acquiring knowledge only reveals what is close to the truth. It emphasized the idea that people, not gods, were responsible for their words, thoughts, and actions, which also [...]

Another time, when I was camping with my family, the fox crept up so close to the tent that my brother and I accidentally scared it away, and the fox ran down the garden and [...]

The fact is that the author is concerned with the search of specific relations between natural sciences and society, the social law in accordance to which it functions, and the nature of particular processes.

In my belief, it is much better to avoid overthinking, be ready to accept any situation, and realize the fact that regardless of all problems and challenges, human beings are born to be happy as [...]

The goal of Aristotle is knowledge in action and real knowing, which merge in the higher stratum of existence - the active mind.

As captured in the research findings, the article identifies the young adults as the majority of unaffiliated while senior adults are the least unaffiliated.

The concept of the meaning of life is a broad and contested topic in the literature. A sense of belonging is an essential facet of heroism and human social life in general.

Hamilton envisioned the U.S.under the guidance of a strong federal government that can interfere in and manage the economy of the country, believing that the concept of a single united nation is more important than [...]

The philosopher's inquiry into the nature of human morality was closely tied to the examination of how one could live his or her life in the most fulfilling manner.

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion by attempting to give an insight into what constitutes moral and immoral behavior as well as the relationship that exists between morality and religion.

According to Yeginsu, the "coolness and rhetorical skill" of the Kurdish politician Demirtas helped him become the primary opposition against the current leader of the country President Erdogan.

The main message of this text is represented by the Unlimited that is said to be the main element of the things that exist.

It is important to mention that the ideologies used to support the argument that goodwill is the only purely good item in philosophy, also support the fact that reason and intent are not enough to [...]

Berkeley found evident flaws in Locke's "copy theory" and shaped his views into a cohesive philosophy that could hardly be criticized by the thinkers of his time.

Pascal's wager indicates that individuals who decide to believe in the existence of God and continue to obey His teachings will eventually become part of His kingdom.

However, because of the nature of any philosophical assumption and because of the further evolution of our societies, some of these ideas can be doubted using some arguments that are relevant to the modern world.

Applying this idea to human society, the existence of multiple opinions and perspectives on the same issues can be taken as the guaranty of the emergence of some new concepts that appear while debating or [...]

Immanuel Kant is considered the most influential philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment and one of the greatest Western thinkers of all times.

The distinctive features between the two concepts described are in the tools of knowledge, in particular, the subject, methods, and the ways of achieving the truth.

The arrangements that were exposed by the means of the exploration in solid-state physical science or molecular environmental science have to be contained within the possibility of his analysis on the same level as the [...]

Thus, a personality that is relevant to the expectations of his or her time has to correspond to the stage of world development.

The philosopher compares the life of gratification to that of slaves; the people who prefer this type of happiness are "vulgar," live the same life as "grazing animals," and only think about pleasure.

A common feature for all emotions is that they are related to the mind "insofar as it is active" and, at the same time, they are associated with "pleasure and desire".

The argument against this prejudice is that people are ignorant and do not realize that there are certain reasons for their desires.

Why does he argue that the "I" is a thinking thing, and what counts for him as "thinking"? Therefore, the philosopher's understanding of a "thinking thing" is related to such processes as analysis, meditation, and [...]

However, doubting everything as proposed by Descartes is wrong because it may make us discard almost all of our knowledge.....in preparing the easiest way for us to withdraw the mind from the senses Descartes questions [...]

The problem of Gettier is that such factors as the existence of a particular belief, as well as the truth of the proposition, do not reach universality and concreteness as it encounters counterexamples demonstrating the [...]

In general, according to this objection, it is improbable that Mother Nature created an immaterial Cartesian mind in addition to a physical body, as there is strong evidence proving the theory of evolution that shows [...]

It is the same point, and the entity designated by these different words is one, but I do not think that the point of intersection of a and b will be equal to the point [...]

For instance, the supporters of the hypothesis often tend to the ideas of the theory of relativity, where they consider time as the unit of measurement that does not have constant indicators.

Although I disagree with the philosophy of idealism, it is a fact that it managed to create a better world following the events of World War I.

This is important to reveal as it is the key point of the philosopher's view on life. This is significant for the whole book as for Frankl, personal freedom is the individual's own choice of [...]

This may be one of the reasons that the application of ethics bestowed upon citizens in Ancient Greece led to its success, and to be referred to as one of the best democracies of its [...]

This paper assumes that it is the cognizance of the presence of choices for our actions that validates the existence of free will since, even if some extenuating circumstances and influences can impact what choice [...]

Divine ego is part of the mind that reacts to reality by deciding on what options to take in response to life experiences. Human beings, therefore, need to have faith in the Almighty.

Berkley's criticism of realism is premised upon the fact that the theory is based on uncertainty. Idealism is a theory which argues that reality is reliant on the mind and does not exist externally to [...]

However, the natural universe is characterized by gigantic, complex, and fascinating features compared to those of the artificial world. This means that there is no conclusion to a single creator of the universe.

To my mind, the two most important principles of justice that should be used to govern within a just society are the selection of highly virtuous state leaders and government representatives to put in charge [...]

However, if the care is expensive, and it is clear that I will not make it, I do not want my family to spend their money to prolong my life by a few days or [...]

The discussion addresses the query of whether continental philosophy considers that sensible human agency has the potential to alter the setting of people's experience.

The implication of the consequentialism approach is that individuals should practice only those actions that give just, assertive, and ethical products, which do not compromise the lives of other organisms.

In the conclusion of the fourth part of Discourse on Method lies Descartes' paradoxical assertion that the whole process of systematic and rational deduction is based on our assured knowledge of God, however, in the [...]

Proteus, a god in Greek mythology, is referred to as the god of 'elusive sea change' and is known to change just as the seawater or water in any container is bound to change shape.

The philosophy of empowerment supports dignity and self-worth; as such, value to all people, regardless of their status or race is an important rule of empowerment.

The picture depicts a city of the future as seen in the middle of the 20th century. Slaughter claims that people of the 21st century tend to see the future society as dystopian.

As for one to be accorded the status of a professional he has to practice the skills required in that profession.

Inconsistencies in responses lead to a determination of truth of earlier statements; in short a question is broken down to a series of smaller questions in order to ultimately arrive at a more refined for [...]

According to the author, moral and pragmatic failures of capitalism are vividly evident in the modern world. In order to comprehend these lessons, it is necessary to compare and contrast socialism both in the 20th [...]

One of the earliest ontological arguments, in defense of the de facto existence of God, is that of Anselm of Canterbury.

In the end, both Hobbes and Locke come to agree on a rather plan ground that, in the state of nature, human behaviors are supposed to be guided by the laws of nature.

For a government to be effective, there must be a set of morals and virtues in place to ensure the people are happy.

First of all, the existential component of Fanon's philosophy was expressed in the attempt to analyze the essential aspects of existence from the perspective of human beings as not only thinking subjects but also subjects [...]

For example, the expected degradation of the environment in the Mackenzie delta was linked to the construction of a pipeline in the region.

An extended number of perspectives, therefore, is the basis for the concept of objectivity and it should not be based solely on the implications of one's view of the world.

As a result, the way people understand and perceive reality is also a part of the process of reality formation. Thus, Descartes premises on the idea that thinking is the evidence of existence.

At the height of the French revolution, there still stood some characters that dared to stand out and speak for the rights of the people.

These unchecked and unpredictable powers contributed to the amassing of wealth by this authority and the continual suffering of the Russian peasant class.

C: "An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law". C: "An unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal law and natural law".

The notion of a state should be treated in such a way that the physical condition of the world remains independent of logic.

Kant's notion on the possibility of knowledge of an objective realm reducing to the possibility of a priori synthetic judgment is explained by his interest in necessary truth, the theory of a priori, and necessity.

Consequently, the outcome of a course of action that is on the course of being undertaken or is to be undertaken lies in the value of the outcome.

In a society where they have a political system that favors political liberalism, it is not just a matter of obeying rules since the enactment of the political system is similar to the moral values [...]

In his book 'The Prince', Machiavelli evades the subject of legitimacy simply because of his rather cynical stand on the issue of legitimate governance.

Thus, referring to the cases provided in the paper written by Gettier, it is important to state that in spite of the fact that it is possible to speak about the justified true belief as [...]

At the end of the story, some mayhem begins, so it is the reader who is to decide where Dennett is.

Nowadays, people are more accustomed to the thought that it is possible, but it is still obvious that people had nothing to do with the creation of the world of animals.

Remus and Romulus were twins, the children of Rhea and Mars. Romans argue that their republic developed based on a mythical story of the Romulus and Remus.

The philosophical utilitarianism view explains why morality is everybody's concern and elucidates the "nature of the reasons" behind any moral act.

Perhaps, because of the complicacy of the ratio of the long and the shorter, it could be demonstrated with the line best.

In the context of a community, different factors contribute to the definition of this ultimate success. This is important, as people in the community will stand a chance to achieve the higher statuses that they [...]

Descartes is of the opinion that "the concept of intellectual justification and its role in the concept of knowledge is problematic".

John Stuart Mill's view of sovereignty over the mind and the body focuses on the tendency of human beings to exercise liberalism to fulfill their self-interest.

Similarly, the sovereignty of a distinctive group expresses the wholeness of its free will, but not a part of the group.

In the context of Malcolm X's view, the American war for independence underpins the notion that American society awaits another fight for the liberation of the black community.

Heraclitus's argument on the non-existence of reality is a contradiction of anything that is perceived as permanent. Plato argues that people can now the Forms as a way of deriving absolute truth and becoming wise.

As it was mentioned in the Introduction, the belief that it is one's psyche, which 'fuels' the functioning of his or her body, used to be considered utterly appealing by many people, throughout the course [...]