Philosophy Essay Examples and Topics. Page 16

It is worth noting that when Husserl emphasized that phenomenology is a pure discipline, he meant that the foundation of his thought rests on the fact that phenomenology is not science of fact but rather [...]

From the three theorists, it can be concluded that the morality of telling the truth and keeping promises is not homogenous.

He overlooks other important factors such as the act of feeling them in the most appropriate time, with special reference to the right objects, to the right individuals, with the right intention, and in the [...]

There are natural rights such as the right to live and freedom if one adheres to the law of the land.

However, what Hitchens misses from Das Kapital is Marx's vital clarification of the social role of money and capital."The value of commodities more and more expands into an embodiment of human labour in the abstract...one [...]

With the efforts to try and find solutions to one of the greatest mysteries, the ancient societies tried to come up with different suggestions that became a foundation for the creation of religion and religious [...]

The axial thinkers played a significant role in the determining of the nature of the philosophy of the post axial age.

Nietzsche exposes the wanting state of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries' moral rationale, highlighting the most challenging, yet simple, prescription of embracing the all unaltered natural law on the order of human existence - as [...]

However, the categorization and opposition of the states of life and death is rather questionable, and this fact reduces the strength of the argument from the opposites for supporting the idea of immortality of soul.

In that we have no certainty of the outcome, when we refer to our previous encounters with the event, through first-hand knowledge or otherwise, we are unable to find congruent evidence that the event will [...]

One of the central ideas of the book is that the Tao is the Nature, the essence of everything in the world which cannot be either experienced or seen, it just exists, that is all.

He recognized that the freedom of people in modern society was limited when compared to their existence in the state of nature due to the presence of laws and property, though he observed that the [...]

Therefore, the occurrence has become so engrained in the minds of the population to a point of causing professionals to do the same.

Contrary to the expectations of the Chinese people, this situation disenfranchised Confucius up to the point of leaving his government post.

According to Holinger, a world class citizen relates well with other groups, and all human beings: Cosmopolitan is about justice, which should be evident in all aspects and it must be the one governing the [...]

This is the foundation upon which he believed the knowledge of good literature and the art of composition could be found.

Manent was able to show the link between the law of the land and the state. If one will utilize Manent's understanding of sovereignty and the law then it will be revealed that the Canadian [...]

In this approach, the executives or the management tend to oversee the co-ordination as well as originating and controlling of organizational change plans.

Carnap offers another distinction between the Universal and Statistical laws by stating that the former are usually logically easier since they were always the same in the past, are still the same in the present, [...]

Hall continues to say that, "Gramsci felt the need of new conceptualizations at precisely the levels at which Marx's theoretical work was itself at its most sketchy and incomplete: that is, the levels of the [...]

The author of the third book, Jean Baudrillard, analyzes the practice of politics from the point of view of connection between the historical events and the society.

As opposed to the freelance style of leadership, one of the difficulties over the heredity or one family customized leadership style that reflects to a hierarchical prince is the ability to contravene the ancestral background [...]

First was to provide a form of example to human beings on the right way to live and the second is that the death of Jesus was to provide satisfaction to mankind who had been [...]

He had the view that individuals naturally possess knowledge and that what they need is a direction for them to come to terms with what they already knew. He seems to be of the opinion [...]

Behind the prisoners a fire is playing, so that they can see their own shadows and the shadows of one another thrown by the fire on the opposite wall of the cave in fact, shadows [...]

The researches and ideas of Bernard Williams are focused on the necessity of personal awareness about the experiment; "they [Person A and Person B] may even have been impressed by philosophical arguments to the effect [...]

The implicit assumptions of a paradigm act as criterion that is used in study or to validate study. A paradigm shift is a radical change in the way science as a study and criterion for [...]

However, Kuhn notes that, this process of reconstructing and reconsidering assumptions and facts is tedious and time consuming; therefore, he offers a way of creating paradigms in the process of scientific revolution.

Causal determinism is based on the fact that for every effect there is always a cause and the cause informs the nature of the effect.

Marx and Rousseau were eager to improve the society they lived in and make people free; to achieve these purposes, it is necessary to prove that money does not have such power to provide all [...]

Popper emphasis that the entire scientific enterprise is common and natural, by giving the examples of the exploits of a Copernicus or Einstein, which to him make a better reading than those of a Brahe [...]

He says that laws of justice should not be used to suppress and oppress guilty individuals especially on the Socrates like him.

The meaning of God from a dictionary says is "The creator and ruler of the universe". Now we have basic concept of what God is, we can now think the God exist or not.

His theory of Seduction Ethics actually begins on what he terms as the production of facts, meanings, and representations of what people are actually made to believe that it is the reality while it is [...]

He makes out the poor application of rhetoric as a style and the incoherence of ideas in the body of the anecdote.

The author's argument is that it is necessary for the society to change its way of responding to the problems of needy people.

As much as he is regarded as an atheist who celebrates in the death of god, he calls it the greatest manifestation in a hundred acts reserved for the next two centuries in Europe, that [...]

The paper pays special attention to the main views and values of each author as to what constitutes legitimate governments, the power of such governments and the limitations of the power and authority of legitimate [...]

Experiences, the level of information, the uniqueness of the situation and urgency of the matter are some of the factors that influence decision making.

The natural right to property according to Locke was affected by the application of labor to a certain piece of land.

These have followed the adoption of different famous philosophers' tenets of morality and human values leading to the development of codes such as human rights, the constitution, the law morals and ethics. The nature of [...]

Therefore, it is impossible to demarcate science from non-science on a case-by-case basis because they are integrated fields of study and knowledge that are interdependent. For scientific field to expand, it must delve into the [...]

One approach is the materialist approach which asserts that consciousness and the brain are one and the same thing, thus the brain is the process of the brain.

Gandhi did not believe that an action is right if it promotes greatest good for the greatest number of people; far from it, he believed in moral actions that lead to the greatest good for [...]

In Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilych, Peter Ivanovich experiences a chilling moment as he contemplates his own mortality in light of the long and painful period of torture and agony that befell his colleague [...]

The difference in the approaches assumed by Kant and Rousseau regarding the norms of liberty and moral autonomy determine the perspective of their theories of justice.

In Chomsky's opinion, the conclusion that the tyranny of the majority can threaten the rights of persons, including the rights for freedom of speech and conscience, was the result of confusion caused by the vague [...]

It foresees a society whereby gender neutrality will be tenable and that social responsibilities are not subject to the gender of an individual.

The political idea compared is justice and equality, the paper tries to describe the ideas of the two scholars as far as justice is concerned.

Zarathustra sought to correct and transform the last man's understanding of the three notions of the soul: the body, the power of virtue and the spirit, so that he could have the real meaning and [...]

In this regard, people would not be the means for the mandate of heaven path and not the ends. In Confucianism, you would be wrong to rebel if you are not the Son of Heaven.

Because of his freedom the free man gets the privilege of comparing the two worlds and he is in a position to judge on what is real and what is not real. He insists that [...]

The restoration of religious institutions to earlier principles is necessitated by the retrogression in the same. Finally, the restoration of a religious institution to earlier principles has many positive effects.

The philosophers agreed in the nature of man and in the desire to exist in a society that was ordered and dependent.

Nonetheless, the duties and the very morality developed in one society can significantly differ from the norms accepted in another society, so it is impossible to state that ethical norms of a society correspond to [...]

Geertz's and Weber's argument is that religion influences the actions of various group members because it is larger as compared to the actions of any individual in a group.

The idea of harmony and respect of all human beings is a result of his Christian foundation as well as the philosophy of Gandhi that he encountered later on in his life.

On the other hand, atheist holds the position that evil experienced in the world is a clear indication that either this world is not the best to live or there is no such being as [...]

The character qualities that a person has are important to themselves and the people who they are in charge of. Machiavelli wrote about this a long time ago and so, many people of the modern [...]

The last theme is the concept of identity of being on the one hand, and thought in the teleological growth on the other.

According to Descartes, the supporter of the rationalist perspective and the author of the phrase "I think, therefore I am", declined the importance of emotional and sensuous perception of the world because it does not [...]

However, the major difference between the works of Hume and Collingwood in tackling the relevance of history to our human nature is clearly seen in their arguments.

But to that particular end, it does not mean that it would not be important for him that the rest is false.

In order to understand Hume's critique of the belief in miracles, it is crucial to begin by defining what a miracle means.

Of course, the state should be governed by a group of people who are close to all other groups. Apart from acquiring certain facts and skills, young people should be taught the principles of morality.

The Cognitive Behavior and Self theories explore human nature in terms of material and spiritual aspects of life that determine the behavior of individuals.

Nevertheless, in light of recent discoveries in the field of neurology and psychology, many of his analytical insights, concerned with the justification of the idea that the metaphysical mode of cognizing the surrounding reality is [...]

In a way, this contradicts his above reasoning that if there is no one to experience the loss of good life, then the absence of suffering and realization is not bad at all.

The principle of inferring the existence and nature of God from the cosmic design is uncertain because the design of the universe is beyond human experience, and is useless because no one can revert and [...]

From this point, beauty can be discussed as the attribute of things and as the independent form, and deja vu is the example of the reality as illusion because the life is only the reflection [...]

Adding determinism to free will, Ayer broke completely new grounds in philosophy by stating that there are three conditions that are required for making a choice fully based on the principle of free will in [...]

Secondly, the author of this paper agrees with Hegel on the issue that it is actually the role of philosophy to resolve the differences within the human consciousness through Absolutism.

He argues that for an individual to understand about the existence of God, the concept of the artisan has to be applied at which man has to appreciate art in order to appreciate the products [...]

In addition, I believe that Hobbes intended to put moral and political philosophy onto the scientific basis to attain knowledge and to illustrate his findings to others. By studying the behavior of individuals in this [...]

There is a tendency of us trying to play wise that we can not be cheated and in the process disqualifying everything and negating the existence of everything else as well.

In spite of the fact that knowledge enhances the intellectual capacity of the people, it deprives them of the ability to think critically about the information that they have amassed.

At the same time, compatibilists stress that the free will exists as in the majority of cases people have a variety of options and they are often free to choose any way.

In the reflection, Ivan examined his past life and the values that he had lived by in all of his life.

In the end, the amount of goods and services that a person could get is limited. The laws and mutual help that exist in a civilized society show that people respect and value equality and [...]

Their views are mostly similar, agreeing on the concept that morality is a necessary part of human life and it should be guiding the actions and thoughts of every person. Immanuel Kant's theory is that [...]

This ancient philosophy concentrates on the balancing of the environment and Chi is a vital component of this study. This is the basic principle of the Feng Shui and it works even in the 21st [...]

Conclusively, though Hume argues that miracles violate the law of nature, it is necessary to note that law of nature does not rule out miracles as he suggests.

This is one of the main points that one can make in response to William Clifford's essay The Ethics of Belief.

The world is full of hardship that Hick considered not to have been made by a perfectly benevolent and powerful God.

The use of puppeteers by Plato inside the cave and things outside indicate that empirical discoveries never penetrate the ideal realm of truth thus calling for the need to move outside the cave.[2] The third [...]

That is they believe that religion is the bedrock of ethics and that religious persons are individuals with immense moral principles.

This can be seen from the honor that a man is regarded or the rank or reputation a person holds in the society.

One of the arguments that the author makes is that "the normative force is the same for everyone and known by all".

Completed and published in 1689, the essay was revolutionary since it was in direct opposition to the traditional understanding of knowledge at the time.

Nevertheless, as of today, this effectively ceased to be the case, because: a) the realities of a post-industrial living render the classical concept of a statehood/law hopelessly outdated; b) the recent discoveries in the fields [...]

Taking the Argument with a Grain of Salt: Concerning the Existing Objections To address the issue in question in the most efficient way, the existing contradictions to the teleological argument must be considered.

The Christian religion argues that obedience is one of the virtues that lead to salvation and an afterlife with one's creator. Such a view serves to ignore the entire nature of obedience and disobedience.

The perceptions that influence the validity of the direct realism theory have a great impact on understanding the reality. Through the information that is relayed from the material object to the mind through sensory nerves, [...]

According to Burrington, Socrates was to attend a court hearing in which Meletus accused him of distracting the attention of young people from believing in the gods that the state religion recognized.

In that case, the fall of humans was viewed as a manifestation of the weakness found in human beings. To support that claim, Hick asserted that human beings were created not in the "likeness" of [...]

These arguments seek to find out the explanation of what exists in the world, and if this really testifies to the existence of a higher power, namely, God.

Sartre continues to explain that freedom is the central factor in human beings and it is permanently connected to the "for-itself" or consciousness. In the end, Sartre's definition of freedom is that it is the [...]

For instance, those who endorse the thesis that determinism depicts compatibility with moral responsibility and free will and the thesis of determinism have also been shown to endorse the thesis of freedom.

Second, the theory of deontology embraces the concept of duty and adherence to rule. However, this theory does not refer to physical happiness, but that of the mind and soul.

However, the world is full of inconsistencies and imperfections and, therefore, the existence of the best possible world refutes the idea of God's perfection.

Far from that, Hegel's thought on social mediation of freedom consists of the parochial universality of the family, the ethical criticism, the dissolution of the family competitive, and self-seeking formal individualism that is manifest in [...]

He claims that giving a certain amount to Bengal would result to suffering of individuals and their dependants, which will correspond to the suffering he relieved in Bengal.

The problem with this explanation is that Anselm already assumes that God has reached a state of perfection in the beginning of his ontological argument. Anselm's argument is also based on the premise that it [...]

Years after the era of debates on whether scientific investigation or a prior method should be used as a cornerstone of philosophy and the means to obtain a crystal clear truth, it seems that the [...]

If stretched to its logical maximum, the given idea leads to the suggestion that the entire world is merely a figment of someone's imagination.

In his essay The Ethics of Belief, William Clifford argued that every form of belief had to be based on some evidence or inquiry.

By this, the version emphasizes the idea that the government should consider coming up with rules and regulations that protect the right of an individual's set of properties.

The most notable aspect of the ideology is the fact that beliefs exist when there is evidence. I strongly believe that the theory, which is based on having sufficient evidence to support a belief, is [...]

Confucius says that passing of knowledge to people is the work of government. According to Confucius, good government should take the needs of the people into consideration by doing the right things and upholding virtuous [...]

The generation of wealth is the collective duty of every member of the society, and rules of justice only seek to enhance the ownership and distribution of these resources.

The movement of the prisoner from initial position of imprisonment to exploring the interior of the cave and then to studying reflections from water to stars and sky during the night followed by discovery of [...]

The description of the cave as well as that of the situation of the prisoners shows that they are mistaken on the idea of truth and reality.

This paper highlights the different perspectives to the moral dilemma in the movie by David Hume and Kant. The murder leads to criticism of the government because even after intense investigation, the government is not [...]

This dilemma and the main actions of the main character can be discussed from several perspectives, for instance, one can mention, the ethics of David Hume and the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The cornerstone [...]

It goes without saying that the major dilemma of the film is the one State's Attorney Henry Harvey, the protagonist of the film, has to face.

In addition, in this piece, I present my philosophical understanding of the "problem of evil, the existence of God, free will, the mind and body relation, human knowledge and the question of being".

According to Pizzitola: Law was enacted to safeguard members of society from aggression; to institute the rules that would ensured community was united; to develop the community upon conditions raised by community members; to make [...]

Answering the question of the origin of evil, John Hick accentuates the peculiarities of the soul-making project and the necessity of evil for the development of the humans' souls with references to the possibility of [...]

The three by-words of the Enlightenment are Reason that is a belief that employs common sense or reason that the world would improve; Autonomy, which is a belief that people would realize freedom and natural [...]

The no choice statement provides that if a person lacks choice in relation to p, and also lacks choice in relation to whether if p, then q, then there is no choice in relation to [...]