According to Pizzitola: Law was enacted to safeguard members of society from aggression; to institute the rules that would ensured community was united; to develop the community upon conditions raised by community members; to make [...]
Answering the question of the origin of evil, John Hick accentuates the peculiarities of the soul-making project and the necessity of evil for the development of the humans' souls with references to the possibility of [...]
The three by-words of the Enlightenment are Reason that is a belief that employs common sense or reason that the world would improve; Autonomy, which is a belief that people would realize freedom and natural [...]
The lack of an image of the subject in the minds of the people means that it will probably take them ages to fully fathom the meaning of the concept.
The no choice statement provides that if a person lacks choice in relation to p, and also lacks choice in relation to whether if p, then q, then there is no choice in relation to [...]
The thinker argues that philosophers bring to the fore trends and outlooks existing in the human society. Some may argue that there is no point in listening to philosophers, reading their works as people will [...]
Ultimately, if it is not possible to model a human brain which functions well, then it can be argued that humans are devoid of free will and that unpredictability is a fruit of chaos, and [...]
The main aim of Moore's essay is to explain that if there are some reasons not to believe that external objects exist; the author is to convince people of physical things existence before they understand [...]
The first level appeals to a part of the human soul that focuses on reason while the second part appeals to the part of the human soul that follows reason.
Regarding the Ship of Theseus, the ship changed a lot but it remained the same in terms of its properties. Equally, Y could be said to be the same as Z in terms of properties.
His appeal is on behalf of not just the unsuccessful and downtrodden but of the criminal and degraded classes and a condemnation of what passes for 'justice', divine and human.
On the one hand, the opponents of the hard determinism state that free will exists and people do not base their own decisions on anything, however, it is possible to say that the decision was [...]
The puzzle enlightens the human mind on what the limitations of the mind on knowledge are. In the puzzle, there is no human being when the tree falls; hence the puzzle is if the tree [...]
In the sciences, new ways of thinking often spearhead the detection of new data or facts. A counterclaim made by some individuals to this argument is that the discovery of new facts led to the [...]
According to Epicurus, a debauched kind of pleasure is not the type of pleasure he was talking about since this type of pleasure only ends in the moment of enjoyment.
The main aim of the paper is to compare and contrast the principles set forth by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke with regards to the fundamental purpose of political society and the state of nature.
For example, Plato used to refer to the notion of morality as being synonymous to the notion of justice: "True' city and the corrupted city are put forward for us as models of human nature [...]
Locke's argument that "whatever is innate is true" means that he holds a position similar to Descartes that if innate principles were to occur, then it would be the work of God, a position which [...]
Therefore, it is important to first respect the rights of others, as according to the letter of the law, and then to promote one's beliefs in a non violent manner in order to promote democratic [...]
For a person to be seen as just, he or she ought to be a good person and the crucial question here is to know what good is.
At the same time, according to Socrates, the process of people growing ever more knowledgeable of surrounding reality and their place in it has the value of 'thing in itself'.
Occasionally, the carriers of the objects speak to one another, but their voices reach the prisoners in form of echoes from the wall ahead of them.
Thus, how is knowledge of ignorance, in Descartes' meditation and Socrates' the allegory of cave, fruitful in understanding the existence and real meaning of life?
Rawls asserts that for equality to take place, the activities have to better lives of people who are worse off in terms of improvement of living standards and empowerment of disadvantaged members to levels which [...]
The prisoners are only able to see the shadow of the puppets on the wall of the cave-their only way of being acquainted to the outside world.
In the era of ancient Greece, approximately forty years before the commencement of the Peloponnesian battles, an infant by the name of Socrates was brought into the world.
Christians believe in the existence of a God who is considered to have willed the existence of all that there is.
In the example of the crusade, the main objective of the pope and other Christians is alleged to be eliminating the Cathers and the perfects.
This paper will thus discuss why Philosophy major is needed in curriculum to teach students- who will later assume important roles in the social and business sectors- on the value of ethics in the society.
The most basic needs were at the bottom of the pyramid which was of a physiological nature, fundamental to the survival of the human body.
Osama is the main face behind the Al Qaeda terror group and when it was announced that after years of hunting him down, Osama had finally been killed by the United States government, there could [...]
The free-will defense as a response to the logical problem of evil will also be covered in the essay as well as how the free-will response demonstrates the existence of evil to be logically inconsistent [...]
Pain which is brought about by harm is the main source of injustice, pursuing pleasure involved refraining from doing what does not bring pleasure to oneself but ensuring that obtaining utmost personal pleasure would be [...]
It is referred to as the mind-body problem from the difficulties that are encountered in understanding the working of the body and that of the mind.
Based on the illustration that Smith provides, "if the consumers want more gloves as opposed to shoes, it implies that the demand of the gloves will increase as that of shoes fall, leading to fall [...]
According to him, the motive behind an action is the one that makes the action to be deemed as right or wrong.
Additionally, I would like to address the relationship of Arendt and Heidegger in the context of The Holocaust, and the effect that it had upon their philosophical works.
To downplay the importance of sense experience, Plato and Descartes show that sense experience can never be a cause of experience since the objects captured through it are vulnerable to change.
According to him, moral virtue is the only means of ensuring that there is order in the society. His mother thus played the role of the father in bringing up Confucius and it is through [...]
Justice is not dependent on the majority of any particular group, but on the views held by a majority of the people, which implies that the rights of an individual are limited to what majority [...]
Since perception is as a result of stimulation of the senses, and the senses only give us the appearance of objects not there reality, then it is wrong to consider perception to define knowledge.
It is from deduction of this principle that gives rise to the third principle of rectification in which Nozick brings forth suggestions of solutions that should be adopted to rectify the unjust distribution and ownership [...]
If people presume that opportunity costs causes a decrease in the overall desirability especially the most favorite choice, then the more the increased choices, the greater the sense of loss and dissatisfaction they will derive [...]
Socrates was a man of unfathomable religious convictions and a patriot, but most of his contemporary allies regarded him with suspicion and dislike due to his attitude towards the state of Athens and the various [...]
Moreover, King justified his pursuit of justice on the streets from the fact that the protests he organized were essentially peaceful and nonviolent; meaning that all he was trying to do was get his message [...]
Augustine is concerned about the certainty in knowledge claims especially of knowledge in things that he has never seen or things that were enacted beforehand by predecessors.
In this religion it is believed that the Lord is the creator of nature which evolved with time and lead to the emergence of man.
A fiery critic of the Papacy doctrines, Martin Luther believed that any good choice made by man has to be founded on God's principles and not from institutions like Roman Catholic Church, which was based [...]
This essay explains that the universe has a direction and goal only when we view it as the same entity in the past, now and in our future imagination.
Agnostics have been unable to take a stand in the issue due to their inability to make a decision and it is advisable that agnostics emulate theists and atheists.
In this essay, we are going to discuss and explain the deism of the period of Enlightenment and show the relations between ides of deism and Enlightenment philosophy through the analysis of teaching such great [...]
The question of whether there is a supreme being behind the existence the universe is a one that has confounded many people to date.
Buddhism also teaches that it is the unfulfilled desires of men and women that causes misery and therefore the removal of these desires from the consciousness of the individual will solve all of society's problems.
In contrast to the weighed and reasonable ideas of war which Plato suggests, Augustine molds the basis of the war ideology on the idea that war can be a means to achieve piece.
It is clear through the literature that has come to man, that philosophers started being increasingly concerned with the task of justifying the possibility, and therefore, the credibility of human knowledge of the entire world.
The universe is perceived as the creation of a supernatural being and hence there are devotional practices and ritual performances that are directed towards the relationship between people and the superhuman being and a set [...]
His experience as a physician and the philosophical knowledge he had, formed a perfect combination of knowledge, which gave him the ability to explain human nature.
Kant's moral system is anchored on morality and therefore goes ahead to explain that a rational human being would easily adapt to universal moral laws and use them as a basis of determining what is [...]
This is due to the fact that different people explain the existence of God in different ways and there is always a contradiction between scientific theories and faith of individuals. However, from the explanation provided [...]
The most prominent topic was the status of intellectualism at Harvard in addition, to the canon of the Unitarian church trained at Harvard School of religion.
The main similarity of the Platonic and Aristotelian forms is in their ability to be the bearers of the objective truth."The expression 'the F' must have been construed as indicating something about the nature of [...]
Kant's moral philosophy holds that the final result of an action has no value; the value of an action lies on the motivation behind it.
While he was fourteen years of age, Giovanni went to Bologna where he studied for two years, and was mostly engaged with the Decrials."While still in Bologna, he was disgusted with the traditional studies of [...]
So, it would be appropriate to suggest the overview of changing virtues and people's views within the well-known cognitive books: The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, The Consolation of Philosophy by Ancius Boethius, and the [...]
However, it is important to note that most of Hume's theories are based on the idea that a man's previous experience is not to be taken into consideration.
By examination of Tyler Durden in the "Fight club" and Clint Eastwood in "The good the bad and the ugly," it can be noted that the heroes and anti-heroes are depicted in a similar yet [...]
Justice, which is suitable for the constitution of the country, is also beneficial to the people. The Plato's theory of justice tries to balance what people and societies practice."Justice is the good of another".
He says that the idea of the bed from which all beds are made generates from god, the carpenter who makes the bed 'naturalizes' what god had conceived, and the painter copies the idea of [...]
This is by far the most convincing evidence that we have, which so far supports the model of dualism in our contemporary society.
Although there is no way to accurate define the meaning of "cool" or "coolness" one can get close to it by understanding the spirit behind the term and Botz-Bornstein was correct when he wrote that [...]
They based their perception of what is good on what they received and deemed good while the masses were obliged to accept that as common and if common then as the norm of the values.
The highest type of reality is the one that is based on knowledge of forms as illustrated through the allegory of the cave.
Incidentally this is the concept from which the science of psychology is based which is best exemplified by the theory of behaviorism: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concepts of self ideology [...]
Unfortunately, in the scrimmage, George had to run for his life and by the time he came back to England he had not heard about his mother; they were separated.
Dualistic approach to the issue is based on the statement that human body and human mind cannot be "reducible to or explicable in terms of the other".
Tough questions arise at the very insistence of resolving the mystery about the existence of God, with scientists and philosophers pulling in all directions in an attempt to explain the core and origin of mankind.
Thomas More, expresses the utopian view, which is a description depicting a fictional island civilization; its religious, social and political way of life."Moore used the utopian society to contrast between the imaginary or unusual political [...]
Nietzsche, being one of the believers in the rule of the body over the body over the mind believed that ideas contained inhibited the body's actions.
Daniel explores the functioning of the brain in relation to the body while John addresses Artificial intelligences and the myths surrounding it.
He was of the opinion that every indication of machination and design existing in the watch also exist in the natural universe, the only difference being the fact that the indication of contrivance and design [...]
Pythagoras was one of the first philosophers, who introduced that ethereal type of music and proved the possibility of connection geometry, philosophy, and music."Impressed by the harmonious scale of sounds from the beating hammers, Pythagoras [...]
For example, Descartes notion of existence of a perfectly supreme being is questionable because, unless one proves that the reality of the Supreme Being is coherent, then the argument is void. Anselm's argument that God [...]
On this point he concludes that it is impossibility to appeal to someone's knowledge, meaning that the whole idea of the deity of God and the Creator is not to be taken literally.
My personal life therefore bears witness to this as can be illustrated by the various ornaments that I adorn and the painting and sculptures that I have in my house.
Born in 1706 in Paris, Gabrielle-Emilie le Tonnelier de Breteuil was the product of the second marriage of Louis Nicolas le Tonnelier de Breteuil, a protocol officer in the court of the Sun King; Louis [...]
The first clause calls for distribution economic and social disparities in a way that, "they are to be of the greatest benefit to the least-advantaged members of society".
He was concerned with the social and political order of the world. Every human being has a mandate to assess the state of nature and avoid the implications that may arise.
Generally, one is to keep in mind that Foucault 's discourse "tells us something about the person speaking the language, the culture that that person is part of, the network of social institutions that the [...]
As for surrealism movement, it is better to pay attention to one of Freud's theories, the theory of dreams, where Freud called dreams as a kind of road to the unconscious.
The representatives of American analytic philosophy believe that they can achieve the desirable goals and comprehend the essence of this life be means of analysis of language and respect to all natural science.
Nowadays, it is very difficult to use the ideas offered by Locke at the end of the 1600s, his rational development and desire to be equal in all spheres of life turn out to be [...]
Relativism is considered to be the property of a particular object which can be segregated and distributed to several, distinct views.
It goes without saying, of course, that the fact that I adhere to the provisions of the Darwinian theory of evolution naturally makes me an atheist, as I am being in a position to define [...]
Euthyphro is in the verge of prosecuting his father because of the crime he committed. Another definition of piety by Euthyphro is that" The pious is what is dear to gods.
Although Leibniz tries to explain the essence of the ultimate reason for existence by the invocation of the presence of a metaphysical reason, he also continues to illustrate the mechanism that relates the metaphysical reason [...]
The ethical approaches of the Utilitarian and the Kantian perspectives both examine ethics. This concern is not on the Utilitarianism schedule, which implies that from Kantianism perspective, Utilitarian morality is an amazing mixture of ethical [...]
The technology field is the most challenging and it couples a number of disagreements, which have led to positive and negative impacts.
In its turn, this implies a possibility for one's 'soul' to be unconsciously aware of the true significance of the surrounding reality's emanations, "As the soul is immortal as it has been reborn, time and [...]
The concept revolves around dietetics that is philosophical and 'cultivational' of the Chinese thoughts on religion and other spheres of life.
It therefore leads to a general conclusion that the fear of error should not lead individual to believe in non-evidenced approaches especially in social and natural sciences.
In summary, the main idea is that because human beings are part of the universe, their actions originate from events that happened before, which were caused by earlier events, and the list is endless.
One day, one of the prisoners was set free from the chains and made to turn and see the fire, as well as the puppets, which he compared with the shadows he had been seeing [...]
The fire signifies the sun and the sun represents the whole truth; the light that the prisoners need to see in order to gain their freedom from the world of darkness.
In general, the Descartes' philosophy is linked to the church's connotation of the most significant part of an individual's body, which is acknowledged as existent, even after the end of physical life.
Aristotle argued that the understanding of nature could only be accomplished through the analysis of the aspects of nature as the first step in understanding the target object, and then processing the mental reaction of [...]
In the realm of political thought, there exists a troubling paradox: how is it that the political elite can continue to lie to the populace with impunity, particularly when the populace is well aware of [...]
The greatest spur to critical thinking among the ordinary global populace was facilitated by American philosopher and educational reformer John Dewey, who introduced the branch of knowledge to American education in the early 1900s, "So [...]
The Tao Te Ching likens nature to a bow in chapter 77."That which is at the top is pulled down/that which is at the bottom is brought up/ That which is overfull is reduced/ that [...]
I hold the position that nature is a manifestation that I regard, the place I act in, and the possibilities and materials I can make use of.
In order to come up with an agreeable and logical definition of freedom as it is in the contemporary society, people have critically analyzed the input of these philosophers and their definition of freedom in [...]
With the existence of a spiritual realm, I believe in the existence of the soul and life after death. A good example of the order in nature is a seed.
Thus it can be seen that the concept of inequality occurs naturally in nature. I can even go so far as state that inequality is even a necessity in the grand scheme of things.
Trying to answer the question 'what is the meaning of life?' has been one of the hardest tasks for humanity. One readily gets attempted to ask the question, 'is life meant to have a bitter [...]
According to Husserl Edmund, individualised consciousness is the scientific study of fundamental compositions of pure consciousness, a discipline of essential being.
The Earth Charter states that only the universal responsibility, membership in the human family, the need for global ethics as the elements of social consciousness may save people from overpopulation which becomes a real problem [...]
In fact, he declares beauty as part of art works only on condition."Beauty is internal to a work when it is...for such a work, beauty is part of the work's content".
The philosophy of Latin America was formed under the influence of European philosophy that had a great impact on the development of the New World.
One has control over the attraction for instance; attraction to someone is not a choice but way of enhancing the relationship in a personal perfective manner.
It is never easy to exactly determine what truth is due to many controversies that arise depending on the field of study.