It appears logical to regard surveys as some kind of monitoring tool for the mental processes of the buyers; the key aim of such a survey would consist in understanding what has caused a customer [...]
FIFO implies the assignment of previous expenses to the cost of goods sold and revenues, as new purchases are set to list.
The economic conditions resulted in a decline in the ability of the customers to repay their loans on time. The value further declined to $271,961 in 2009, an equivalent of a 20.
Let's analyze the two options in terms of liquidity, profitability, breakeven point; This is the availability of funds to meet short term and long term financial liabilities as they fall due.
Given that PSGT is a large corporation with capability to expand to global markets; it is likely that its network will be extremely wide.
From the table, in 2006, the net cash flow used in financing activities amounted to US$ million. From the table, in 2006, the net cash flow used in investing activities amounted to US$ million.
A budget enables an individual to forecast the amount of money to be realized upon the execution of a given undertaking. A part of the income from the company will be used to cater for [...]
Therefore, it is evident that the output of the hospital is diverse and calls for the use of a job order costing system.
To reflect the true balances at the end of every financial year of the business, it crucial for the journal entries to be adjusted accordingly since the balances are utilized in drawing other financial statements [...]
The primary purpose of accounting is to provide useful and detailed intelligence for those who want to use the information to make critical decisions.
During such evaluations, creditors need to know how much debt can be realistically paid from the revenue of the business, duration, and profitability of the business, the existing credit and various credit limits, assets of [...]
For healthcare organizations, the following documents must be considered a necessity: a statement of financial position, a balance sheet, a statement of cash flows, a statement of operations, a statement of change in net assets, [...]
Thus, the high gearing level increases the value of ROE. Thus, the resulting values of ROE are -0.
The contribution margin is the amount of income after the fixed costs have been met. Caldwell and Welch describe CM as the amount of income that the company realizes less the fixed costs.
Risk-based auditing, as one of the types of the internal auditing process, involves the thorough analysis and management of threats that can undermine the organization's successful work.
In business operations, the term Cash Conversion Cycle refers to the average time that elapses when a business enterprise makes a payment for particular inventory investment and the time when the agency receives payment on [...]
The brief analysis of literature makes it possible to conclude that the Balanced Scorecard system is suitable for bigger organizations and, in any case, requires the adaptation to the organizational features.
The greater the degree of separation in verification, the stronger the conservatism. Overall, the benefits to conservatism are united by the principle of limiting payouts and meticulous verifiability of profits, which aid in providing accurate [...]
In the current report, the cash budget of Earth Ltd.is prepared based on its cash inflows and cash flows. The data of Earth Ltd.is used for preparing different budgets including production budget, sales budget, direct [...]
However, Tietjen bemoan the fact that in a real-world setting, the accountants do not have absolute power to remain independent in terms of choosing and utilizing the most appropriate accounting parameters for the purpose of [...]
The initial evaluation of the company highlighted the failure to include inventory write-downs in the financial records. It is essential to note that the latter action could lead to the imprisonment of the concerned officers [...]
The main goals of this paper are to discuss factors that predict disclosure levels in Mexico and explain the underlying causes of recent improvements in accounting measurement and disclosure practices in the country.
The incorporation of the Lean Management principles and the concept of sustainable resource usage should be viewed as the means of helping the firm retain its position and address the issue of the debt.
The strategic assessment will be used to provide the management of Central World with analysis and guidance on the best alternatives available to help the company to start trading again.
The first issue is the fact that the loan agreement might be brought to an end by the insurance company. Therefore, the paychecks might be provided to the workers once the balance is approved by [...]
In case the assistant controller would comply with the instructions of the financial vice president and wait one more day, it is possible to suggest that he or she would be fired because of insubordination [...]
Exactly how a costing system impacts corporate sustainability is a critical issue to consider since it is directly related to the success of the company's activities, the applicability of its strategies, and the marketability of [...]
The Finance Director may be the final person to cross-check the accounting work and submit to the board for strategy making.
This paper outlines the efforts that have been made by both the FASB and the IASB in the movement towards uniform fair value measurement for financial instruments and the differences between the two organizations' approaches.
The paper will also evaluate the design of internal controls for the sales process of the company. The diagrammatic representation of the process has helped the auditor to analyze the strength and weaknesses of controls [...]
It is the responsibility of the directors to ensure that the licenses for the casinos are not taken at a higher value than the recoverable value.
Accounting plays a huge role when it comes to budgeting, cost management, appraisals, and corporate accountability and governance, and quality control in the economy of the United States.
The study reviews the relevance of the ABC system in companies and the need for managers in enterprises to adopt it in their operations.
Moreover, analysis of recent financial statements for a definite period of time can be used to forecast the future performance of a business entity.
However, to create a sustainable method of arranging and using the corporate resources, one must not only be able to identify the essential components of the accounting equation but also study the unique characteristics of [...]
Ball argues that IFRS has an inherent advantage in the way it views the subject of quality in accounting. Conventional setters of accounting standards assessed quality in terms of the reliability and relevance of information [...]
In order to make big data and analytics a part of the auditing process, it is necessary to indicate what type of audit evidence is derived with their help.
As a rule, the area of financial accounting is restricted to the creation and further analysis of the company's financial statements.
The balance sheet of the company indicated that the company's goodwill was impaired and recorded according to IAS 38 Intangible Assets.
The authors maintained research trying to identify a system that provides the most benefit to the organization and stopped on the utilization of the long-term variable cost.
The graphical representation of the sales cycle assisted the auditor in analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the company's control activities.
The aim of this analysis is to use Cost-Volume-Profit tool for determining the impact of the change in the number of students on the organization's operating profit.
Therefore, financial accounting is highly strict when it concerns the reliability of data used in the reports. In managerial accounting, the demand for information reliability is not as high as it is in financial accounting.
The criticality of such events and their impact on the parent and subsidiaries are the reasons they have to be disclosed as per GAAP.
The cost of manufacturing a product is critical in the computation of inventory, making pricing decisions and in analyzing the profit that is derived from the manufacturing process.
It is also important to be mindful of the development of learning institutions that help shape the skills of accountants and finance professionals. However, it is also a reminder to create an effective hiring mechanism [...]
While the specified precaution measures might seem redundant for an organization of a comparatively small size, where bureaucracy is unlikely to be a problem, a quarterly account of the financial moves made is essential for [...]
ADNOC is a state-owned company that operates in the oil and gas industry of the UAE. The company was founded in 1971, and today, it unites more than 20 subsidiaries, known as the ADNOC Group [...]
In this business capstone project research, the topic of the provision of accounting services to university and college students by a Sydney accounting firm is chosen for discussion to understand if it is profitable for [...]
It is critical that the human contribution towards the growth of the organization becomes part of the positive inflow in the financial statements.
The main reason for the use of the mixed measurement model is flexibility. Thus, it is a tool that is used by the management to maximize the value of the firm.
TripAdvisor can implement the TDABC to determine utilization of capacity for travel and booking. TripAdvisor can go further to calculate the cost of every time unit for every employee based on service delivery and employees' [...]
Before any sale, the ownership of goods or services is the entity that is selling or providing to the buyer. The work of the agent is to source for the airline the fits the customer's [...]
The paper seeks to discuss extensively the treatment of research and development costs. The company should be able to estimate the cost of the asset.
The purpose of the research proposal is to outline a research project that will assess the prevalence of managerial accounting tools and methods used in the UAE telecommunications sector in order to determine the preferred [...]
In this instance, the primary goal of the paper is to develop a financial plan for three years, and it has to cover suggesting relevant financial ratio and evaluating the ability of the organization to [...]
Eliminate worker autonomy, increase daily targets and productivity by 70% - 30 points. Decrease worker autonomy, increase daily targets and productivity by 65% - 20 points.
The preparation of financial plans of a company in terms of proceeds, as well as costs and then relating them with the definite outcomes to obtain the variations in the firm's operations, comes with several [...]
It was concluded that ratio analysis is one of the useful tools for revealing, comparing, and interpreting salient features of financial statements presented by businesses.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act provide the sets of the accounting principles, standards, and procedures which the companies apply to form the financial reports GAAP is the combination of the authoritative standards [...]
In order to address these issues, one needs to define the earnings management in accounting and standards setting, to analyze the earning management incentives, and to differentiate the ways to test distribution of reported earnings [...]
The main reason for the involvement of the companies in the earnings management activities and manipulations with the reported accounting is their belief that other players in the financial arena consider earnings the main indicator [...]
The gray earnings management is more opportunistic than the white one; it is in pursuit of the economic efficiency and gain for the company that provides the report.
There is a growing number of concerns about the degree to which practices of earnings management are related to fees auditors receive for the provision of non-audit services.
Authored by Burgstahler, Hail, and Leuz and published in the Journal of Accounting Review, the article, "The Importance of Reporting Incentives: Earnings Management in European Private and Public Firms" investigates the mechanism through which issues [...]
Their goal was to identify the causes and consequences of manipulation of earnings in companies. Secondly, the authors established the relationship between the weaknesses of firms' governance structures and earnings manipulation.
Tucker and Zarowin investigate the influence of the smoothing the earnings in the financial reports on the accounting informativeness. The main proposition is that earnings smoothing enables the managers to make more use of representing [...]
While traditionally, income smoothing is associated with the factor of the company's current performance, it is also important to distinguish the correlation with the forecasts about the company's future and the anticipations of the external [...]
The most common assumption among the researchers of the accounting decision-making and incentives of the earnings management is that the approaches used by the managers involved in the earnings manipulation differ depending on the impression [...]
The classification shifting is a means of misreporting the core expenses of the company as the special items to meet the analysts' forecasts.
Nevertheless, according to the studies, the personal characteristics of the CEOs can be associated with the style of their financial reporting and, therefore, the tendencies of earnings management.
Accounting information is the process of identifying, recording, and communicating relevant, reliable, and comparable information about all business activities in an organization.
The greatest interest of the managers is to evaluate the value of revenue and expenses to determine the financial strengths of the business.
The automation of the accounting system will save the cost associated with employing more workers as the system will manage the clients and the staff.
The code of professional conduct for accountants and auditors is developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and other relevant stakeholders with the view to setting out the philosophy that inspires the rules [...]
It might not, however, be relevant to the 21st century organizations because of the new methods that have been developed both in accounting and for costing.
In awarding loans to the organisation, the bank will not claim any ownership spot in the group; they do not assign their personnel to monitor the operations of our organisation once they grant us the [...]
The author observes that a raft of measures and auditing rules were recently adopted to address the loopholes in the management of earnings in corporations.
Overall, one can argue that this method of accounting should not be regarded as the underlying cause of the sub-prime crisis.
Technological elements such as accounting software and accounting application devices also play a significant role in the CPA. The introduction of the first computer in the 20th century and its advancement for over 50 years [...]
In this respect, the person that can be a member of the Board of Directors in the Qualitas of Life Foundation should be knowledgeable in administration and accounting, certain financial issues though the basics of [...]
The IASB also promotes the application and use of different accounting standards. These new accounting standards 'have the potential to make the earnings of companies more volatile'.
End-users refers to the all the stakeholders that might be interested in the financial statements of a company. It is rather important to have a clear understanding of the problem in this case.
The article by Halbouni and Hassan that is titled "The Domination of Financial Accounting on Managerial Accounting Information: An Empirical Investigation in the UAE" is devoted to the topic of the relationship between financial accounting [...]
Thus, shareholders in a publicly listed company are likely to establish the company's reputation from the caliber of the company's auditors.
In addition, the efficiency would enable the entity to exploit the opportunities, which are available while selecting and applying the accounting policies.
The main drivers of this incentive will be the position of the employee, which will be the accounting clerk, the experience, which the holder may or may not have, and sustained performance, which will be [...]
Secondly, is disclosure of the components of cash and cash equivalents. Thirdly, is disclosure of cash and cash equivalents that cannot be accessed by the firm inclusive of the reasons detailed in management notes.
To gain more understanding on the adoption of a set of global financial accounting standards, this paper will discuss arguments for and against the adoption of a set of global financial accounting standards from the [...]
The reduced use of the IFRS was intended to reduce the unnecessary reporting to the users and to improve their understanding of the statements and not to impair the reliance and truthfulness of such reports.
The expansion of the global interactions especially in terms of the global market is what led to the need for the enactment of international standards.
This paper is organized in different parts that are as follows; the introduction, framework and background, conceptual framework, value and limitations of the international financial reporting standards, financial reports of the given companies, and qualitative [...]
The paper discusses the accounting cycle of the office of the chief financial officer. The first step is identification of the transaction and the events which surround the transaction.
An understanding of the main purpose of the report is critical in the sense that it links the findings from Johnson and Johnson's annual reports as well as sustainability reporting in the US financial reporting [...]
In this context, Kanodia et al.reckons that Australia entangles one of the fascinating setting for conducting a study on the impacts of IFTRSs on the values of a firm due to the differences that the [...]
According to the stakeholder's theory, the issue of ethics and morality are important in making sure that the managerial decisions of the organization do not negatively affect the stakeholders. However, the illegitimacy of the decision [...]
The decision made in this situation is unethical as it leads to a creation of a misleading financial statement. This generally is unethical as it represents a favourable financial position of the company but which [...]
According to the set accounting standards, AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statements, there is need for executives in the company the CEO and the CFO need to approve the financial reports in writing, which the [...]
The new non-GAAP accounting practice that Apple followed required the company to account for all the revenue and cost associated with the production of iPhone and Apple TVs after the products are sold.
This value should include taxes arising from the implementation of the asset, the risks involved, the cost of acquiring the assets, roles played by auxiliary intangible and tangible assets and finally the discount fee.
The Government Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board make up the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles board. This is because the modified accrual accounting avails information regarding the assets and liabilities of an [...]
The entire process has to monitor the operations of the company in order to ensure fairness, transparency, and equity to all the stakeholders.
Also, the scandals made the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund introduce Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes to assist in accounting and auditing of developments and priorities in different nations and [...]
This is a low cost strategy which allows the firm to compete in the industry and at the same time earn profits per unit of service rendered.
Since the profession entails a process of discovering, appraising, and stating of economic information to allow knowledgeable verdict and determination by those who apply the information, it is important to be aware of the vices [...]
Therefore, the institution should write a proposal to the ministry of health where the significance of the service is emphasized and funding requested.
For instance, in government accounting the focus is on the flow of financial resources and not economic resources as the case is in other forms of accounting.
One of the surprises in the financial analysis field that Tamura met is the lack of additional training by the company.
Making the transition to IAS will affect the financial records of XYZ Corporation The transition from GAAP to IAS by XYZ Corporation will cause significant changes in the financial records of the corporation.
The first section of the professional code of conduct expounds that members of AICPA are supposed to act in the most honorable manner.
For example, the SEC enforces that the auditors should be independent to avoid any violations in the disclosure of financial statements to the investors in the public companies.
Variations in the levels of legal accountability and responsibility have various advantages and disadvantages depending on the nature of the risks and vulnerability of actions and decisions undertaken by the professional.
Written by Cohan and Johnson in 2011, the article Transferring Classroom Knowledge to Real-World Accounting: The Saving Loans Crisis seeks to determine the extent to which the accounting students apply the concepts and principles of [...]
In the use of the intranet all the personnel that carry out their activities in the hospital are served and especially the top management of the hospital, the hospital uses an information management system and [...]
In response to the understatement of the sales returns, the external auditors should recommend an adjustment to the sales return figures from the erroneous 2.
The main source of revenue for a hospital is fees charged to patients when they receive various services from the hospital; the information of revenue is with the accountants thus they should offer the information [...]
This paper discusses the importance of accountability in hospitals and the role of leaders in maintaining positive organizational culture in their facilities. Medical facility staffs need to be accountable in their actions; this will facilitate [...]
To enhance accountability, the local government of Kerara has enforced and strengthened all its laws and regulations that relate to the governance of the local authorities.
The world of accounting and finance is very interesting from different perspectives: first, accounting and finance help to develop new services and improve people's living conditions; second, these two concepts are the major needs for [...]