Chemistry Essay Examples and Topics

The chemical process in this experiment entails reacting salicylic acid and methanol in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, which catalyzes the reaction, and under reflux conditions to form methyl salicylate and water.

This experiment aimed at establishing the activation energy for the reaction between oxalic acid and potassium permanganate by first determining the rate equation for the reaction.

This paper focuses on the application of chemistry in life as well as some of the hazards that it has presented to life.

The BH4- anion acting as a nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon of Benzophenone due to the presence of a partially positive charge zone, which leads to the breaking of the double bond, electron density shift [...]

According to Kotz and Treichel, the solubility of various substances increases with increases in the temperatures of their surroundings, although this is not always the case.

The method of initial rates was employed in the determination of the order and rate law for the reaction. The power to which the concentrations of reactants are raised in a rate law is referred [...]

The central purpose of this experiment is to study the primary salt effect in the oxidation reaction of iodide ions to iodine during sodium thiosulfate titration with appearance of salt KNO3 All steps of the [...]

Part of the crude product was recrystallized from ethanol and the remaining part was purified by column chromatography in the second week.

In this view, retinol is unstable at room temperature and in the presence of air. Metabolism of retinyl esters and carotenoids produces retinol, which is an active molecule in the body.

The concentration of the chemical reactants also affects the rate of reaction by altering the number of reacting molecules. This increases the rate of collision and hence the rate of reaction.

9g of potassium nitrate was added to the water, and the test tube was shaken until all the salt was submerged in the water.

Table 1 contains the data of direct measurements and indirect calculations for p-nitroacetanilide as a product of the EAS reaction of acetanilide. Then the theoretical mass of p-nitroacetanilide could be obtained by the following calculations: [...]

This experiment aimed at establishing the concentration of iodine with time by quantifying the absorbance of the reacting solution at a wavelength of 410 nanometers and finally determining the initial velocity of the reaction.

Following the procedure in the production of acetone, the several materials emerge during and after the production. The production of acetone In the feed drum: A feed is a tank like object used in the [...]

The objective of this experiment was to synthesize methyl salicylate from salicylic acid and methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst.

The color change depends on the relative acid strength of the conjugate acid form of the indicator. Based on the equation above, the acid strength is calculated as:

The second objective was to confirm that the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the tert-Butyl Chloride if the temperature is kept constant.

Acetone is the simplest form of the ketones. Acetone is very crucial in the field of organic chemistry.

The method of initial rates was employed in the determination of the order and rate law for the reaction. The rate of the reaction and the rate law expression for the reaction were then established [...]

The osmolarity of various solutions was also evaluated by noting the changes in weight of potato cylinders in the solutions. The movement of carmine particles in the water was random.

The process of photosynthesis and fermentation was the main focus of the practical exercise. The role of the fermentation process to provide energy for the yeast cells is shown in this experiment.

This point was the basic idea for performing this study, in which acetylsalicylic acid, which is the main component of analgesics, was actively hydrolyzed to salicylic acid: the reaction is shown in Figure 1.

The aim of the experiment was to isolate acetylsalicylic acid, acetanilide, and sucrose fractions from Phensuprin based on their acid-base solubility differences. Acetylsalicylic Acid or Aspirin Its synthesis involves treating salicylic acid with acetic anhydride [...]

Salicylic acid is administered in the form of tablets, a less irritating method, unlike in the early days where it was administered in the form of leaves.

For the chemical and metallurgical industry, a thorough study of the properties of the materials used and the application of reference data for analysis and possible prediction of the results of a practical application is [...]

During the de-waxing process, the solvent is subjected to a mixture of the waxy oil. Evaporators The evaporator is used in recovery of the solvent from the de-waxed oil and wax.

This makes organic chemistry to have a very important role of describing the reaction of the carbon compounds. The aim of the experiment was to identify the functional group of the two unknown organic compounds.

The objective of this experiment is to determine the amounts of the component parts of hydrated copper Sulfate. The third procedure is the scrutiny of sulfate ion in a sample of copper sulfate.

The main difference between acidic and basic solutions is the concentration of hydrogens ions: for the former, it is higher than that of pure water, and for the latter, it is lower.

These pathways are responsible for the breakdown of essential nutrients into Adenosine Triphosphate and other molecules necessary for the release of energy into the body.

This paper is therefore an in-depth analysis of the extraction of lubricating oils by looking at the methods of extraction, description of processes, purpose of extraction and new developments in lubricating oil extraction with emphasis [...]

The rate of migration relies on the strength of the chemical interactions between the analyte and the mobile phase as well as the interactions between the analyte and the stationary phase.

The addition of hydrochloric acid to the liver in beaker B lowered the pH for catalase. In beaker A, distilled water provided a neutral pH that was essential for the activity of catalase.

Therefore, the moles of the limiting reagent is 0. 025, and the mole of the product is 0.025.

However, it is important to note that the amount of products produced from the atmospheric distillation process is not always proportional to the demand of the products rather it depends on the amount of crude [...]

000510?-1, and k-1 = 0. 000684?-1, and k-1 = 0.

The objective of the experiment is to demonstrate how substitution reactions of alcohol occur. Specifically, the experiment aims to demonstrate the formation of 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol through a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

The length of the shoot and root of the germinated seedlings was also measured and registered. Germination rate decreased in the solution of potassium chloride.

The pH of a solution at the equivalence point depends upon the nature of the acid and the base being titrated.

The TLC sheet was placed in a universal bottle containing solvent A with the line of origin nearest to the bottom but above the solvent. The positions of the solvent and each pigment molecule were [...]

The water was carefully drained after 40 minutes, and the egg's weight in the cup was calculated. Meanwhile, we found that corn syrup had a lower concentration of water molecules; therefore, through osmosis, water molecules [...]

The percentage yield of acetanilide is the mass of acetanilide recovered, divided by the theoretical mass of acetanilide multiplied by 100.

Table 2 shows the results of a second titration in which NaOH was used as the standard solution with which the vinegar concentration was determined.

Undertake qualitative analysis of the product using IR and NMR techniques, which provide spectra of functional groups and chemical shifts respectively. Carry out qualitative analysis of the product using 2,4-DNP test, which can detect carbonyl [...]

The pinacol rearrangement constitutes the dehydration of pinacol and the stabilization of carbocation by the shift of methyl. The mechanism of the pinacol rearrangement commences with the protonation of one of the two OH groups.

It contains either a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The equation links the measured pH of a solution, hydrogen ions concentration, and the dissociation constant of [...]

The pH of the acid was measured and recorded. The pH of the buffer was also measured and recorded.

Thus, the calculated molarity of NaOH is used to compute the molar solubility of KHT, which is the quantity of KHT moles that are liquefied in every liter before saturation level.

The rate law demonstrates how the rate correlates with the concentrations of the components of the reaction. It is possible to note that "the power of the concentration in the rate law expression is called [...]

The general structure of an alkane is CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. The general structure of an alkene is CnH2n, where n is the number of carbons in the [...]

Small quantities of chlorine can reach the threshold of acute poisoning within a very short time, thereby leading to casualties.

1 The SN2 substitution reaction occurs when the attacking atom or group is a strong nucleophile that hits the electrophile from the rear end thereby ousting the leaving group.

According to Stein, the value of the index describes the stability of the calcium carbonate contained in water. In the event that the value of LSI is at zero, then water is said to be [...]

Sodium chloride is a very important compound and it has thousands of uses in real life, few of them are as follows: NaCl is a raw product that is commonly used in the production of [...]

To explore the base-catalyzed aldol condensation between 3, 4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, and 1-indanone under solvent-free conditions; To purify the product through recrystallization; To evaluate the melting point of the product.

This makes the oxygen in the hydroxyl group more electrophilic and looser to detach from the carbon skeleton, leading to the formation of water as a byproduct of the reaction.

The Blatter radical, also known as the 1,3-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-4-yl radical, was discovered in 1968 and was named after the scientist who discovered it.

The chemical reaction must be such that the energy released in the reaction is concentrated primarily in the excited vibrational states.

This is achieved since the process changes the composition of the renewable fuels into a form that is similar to normal fossil fuels used by vehicles.

In this experiment, we will provide a systematic procedure for establishing the mass of the outside layer on a zinc-coated steel sheet.

In the first case, adding hydrochloric acid to the produced azo dye led to the change of the color from dark red to orange, and the reaction with sodium hydroxide resulted in the change from [...]

In food, chemical molecules make up fiber, proteins, and vitamins, which promote safety as they enhance the growth of the body. Chemical products are critical in the production and preservation of food.

Results and outcomes of the experiment IR spectrographic analysis was performed for the obtained substance, the result of which is shown in Fig.1.

The purpose of this laboratory work was to evaluate the ideal gas law for the case of gas in a syringe when the pressure was increased.

The first ten droplets were collected in the first test tube at 80. As the temperature stabilized in the third test tube, 10 additional droplets were collected.

In analytical chemistry, there are several techniques for determining the formula of a complex compound, but in this laboratory work, the emphasis was on the applicability of Beer's law, recognizing the fact that when a [...]

Animal MTs have implications in inherited and occupational diseases that are linked to metabolic disorders in the handling of metal ions.

With the current technologies, an electrolyzer working at 100% efficiency needs 39 kWh of electricity to liberate 1 kg of hydrogen.

Of note, caution was taken to minimize the time of contact with the container as this would raise the temperatures of the container hence giving a false impression of the actual temperatures.

In the experiment, salicylic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acids to produce methyl salicylate and water as the only products.

Once the pesticides are in the water, they affect aquatic life and the entire organisms in the food chain. Water is a basic need for all living organisms, and the harmful effects of pesticides in [...]

Here, Chang, Lawless and Yamamoto argue that plasma is the fourth state of matter, which occupies 99% of the universe and consists of particles known as ions, neutrons, and neutrals, which exist in a gaseous [...]

The use of corn in the production of ethanol has a number of drawbacks. This is attributed to the fact that the production of high amount of ethanol requires corn in large quantities.

In this experiment, it was hypothesized that the rate of photosynthesis rises with an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide and went on to test the hypothesis.

The general background provides information on the various terms used to describe nylon, the history of nylon, a comparison between nylon and other natural materials, such as cotton and silk, and the standards set aside [...]

In fact, some studies have explored the unknown elements of the catalytic process in naphtha reforming. It is also necessary to note that elements in the hydrocarbons and concentrations of other elements are responsible for [...]

The moving hydrogen protons are essential in the process due to the absence of electrons. Phosphoric in this reaction is a catalyst to achieve the result successfully.

In this experiment, information was collected regarding the mass of the calorimeter and bowl, the mass of the empty calorimeter, the water, and the contents: all raw data are shown in Table 1.

The birth of this concept was found through the merger of the philosophies of Aristotle with Christian theology and for centuries predominantly found in Europe of the middle Ages and Renaissance.

This laboratory experiment focuses on the chemical composition of cells, appropriate identification of which contributes to the understanding of distinctions between organic and inorganic chemicals.

The first was to determine the unknown concentrations of samples A and B using linear dilution while the other employed the serial decimal dilution method.

The first objective of the experiment is to elucidate the formation of a ketone from alcohol through the process of pinacol rearrangement in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, heat, and boiling chips.

The thermometer was positioned in the opening of the cardboard cover and its position was fiddled with to avoid the thermometer getting too deep into the calorimeter.

When the concentration of glucose was high, the color and odor of the reaction mixture were darker and more intense, respectively, due to a larger amount of products formed.

Compare the strengths of different types of intermolecular forces in molecules based on their boiling points. What are the molecules that the model uses in illustrating intermolecular forces?

The purpose of the experiment is to study substitution reactions of alcohols because they can react as nucleophiles or electrophiles, depending on prevailing conditions of the reaction. This experiment illustrates the reaction of 1-butanol with [...]

The purpose of the study was to establish the amount of olefin, gasoline and other crude oils that were to be produced in the exercise. To study the properties and applications of olefin and naphtha.

The Ka value stands for the dissociation constant of an acid, which is the measure of the potency of the acid in the solution.

5 ml solution of Zinc, Copper and lead were added each to one of the three test tubes containing the pieces of zinc.

Therefore, with the help of a refining process, Alumina is extracted from bauxite which in turn is converted into Aluminium metal with the help of smelting process. The process of refining the metallic ore in [...]

The price of the steel, which includes iron in its composition, differs from the steel grade. The main stage is heating of the iron ore in the blast furnace, removing the oxygen from the oxide.

The amount of oxygen present in the atmosphere and the nature of the material it comes in contact with determine the process of oxidation.

Although the use of proton NMR has been applied for the determination of trace components such as the residual hydrogen in D2 O, the mixtures of dinitrotoluene, and the mixtures of drugs, its great merits [...]

Some of the chemical processes used in the bottom-up approach include sol-gel process, the reaction of molecules in a flask, reverse microemulsion and flame synthesis, which have been used to make silica nanoparticles, nanozeolite, nanocatalysts [...]

The goal of this paper is to discuss the chemical properties of water that are most important for life on Earth.

The solubility product constant is calculated by measuring the concentration of anions and cations in a solution and determining their product.

The objective of this report is to evaluate the properties, limitations, and prospects of future applications of fiber-reinforced concretes and polymer reinforced concretes.

Molar mass: 118. Molar mass: 18.

Despite being various categories of the lube oil as mentioned earlier in the project, mineral lube oil from petroleum is the commonly preferred lubricating oil to the synthetic lube oil.Fig.showing lubricating oil The history of [...]

In conclusion, meth is one of the most addictive drugs, with serious physiological and psychological complications hence, the need for individuals to watch their consumption habits.

Hypothesis: If iodine is added to liquid food items, such as peas, corn, and carrots, then the iodine will turn a dark blue-black color, indicating the presence of starch.

The vacuum filtration is used to collect the acid and then wash the benzoic acid crystals using water to eliminate salts.

The chemical compositions of the reacting elements or compounds dictate the nature of the reaction. The chemical reaction entails the combustion of methane gas in the presence of oxygen gas, which are the reactants.

In the human body, hyaluronic acid performs the crucial function of retaining moisture in the tissues and acts as a lubricant for the joints. Even though hyaluronic acid is a component of the body, the [...]

Despite many challenges imposed on the balancing of equations of pertaining reactions, in school my interest was drawn into the study of organic chemistry, which entailed a study of organic carbon compounds.

First of all, it should be recalled that the use of electrochemical methods in quantitative analysis is based on the use of dependencies of measured parameters of electrochemical processes on the content or concentration of [...]

The choice of method is determined by the chemical compound to be analyzed, the time available, the level of accuracy needed and the available time.

The volume of the mixture was made to 200 mL in a measuring cylinder. The concentration of the protein in the supernatant was determined using a biuret reagent.

The virtual gel should show the band pattern that would result from incubating the plasmid with restriction enzymes as indicated below.

Pour the elution solvent to the silica gel then, using a gas pump, force the solvent through the silica. Without disturbing silica's top surface, the dissolved sample in the elution solvent is then gently applied [...]

The rest are artificial isotopes and, are a consequence of radioactivity. The table below shows a summary of the radiological properties of strontium isotopes.

Considering the structure in the figure above, it is evident that a molecule of water has a line of symmetry that can be traced through the water molecule, acting as a bisector of the angle [...]

The types of cement are based on the amount of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, and tricalcium aluminate found in the end product.

The aluminum industry in Australia is its economic backbone as it is one of the major products produced in the country and is a direct source of income to over 16,000 Australians.

The review of the structure of water molecules shows that it has two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

The first objective of the experiment was to demonstrate how pinacol undergoes rearrangement to form pinacolone under the catalysis of heat, acid, and boiling chips.

Enzymes are described as biological proteins which accelerate the rate of reaction of a chemical substance, while inhibitors are elements which reduce the speed of catalyzed reaction of enzyme through connecting into the enzyme and [...]

The gas is used in the manufacture of ethane. The industry uses ethane to manufacture ethylene, which is a crucial resource in the manufacture of plastics and other chemical products.

The researchers note that their experiment was designed to mimic the primitive earth's atmosphere and not the ideal conditions required for the development of amino acids. At the experiment's conclusion, the solution in the flask [...]

The colorimetric method of analysis is used to determine the heat released during a chemical or physical process: the heat released in such reactions is transferred to the water by the change in temperature, of [...]