Free Ancient History Essay Examples & Topics

Free Ancient History Essay Examples & Topics

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334 samples

An ancient history essay is a type of assignment that requires students to analyze events, historical figures, and past societies. Based on this research, you will make a claim that should be supported with proof and historical evidence.

That is why our experts prepared a list of tips and advice on how to succeed in writing your following paper in ancient history. At the end of the article, you will also be able to find free samples. Besides, here you’ll have access to ancient history topics that can be useful for practicing or coming up with your ideas.

Any ancient history essay should be based on factual proof and solid arguments regardless of the period it focuses on. A legitimate question might arise: where do I get the evidence? For that, you need to understand where to find information. For most of your papers, the use of primary and secondary sources is a requirement.

Let’s figure out the difference between the two:

  1. Primary Sources are immediate first-hand accounts of a topic. Usually, people directly related to events write them. Primary sources include documents, laws, speeches, photographs, newspapers, and many more.
  2. Secondary Sources are sources that quote primary sources. These resources focus on historical events as well. However, they add a level of interpretation and analysis. Secondary sources can include books, research papers, scholarly articles, documentaries.

A student who strives to produce a well-written ancient times essay should conduct historical analysis. However, what is it? It is a method of examining the evidence to understand the past.

While the past consists of all the events that happened, history is what we know about these events. We have to carefully examine who wrote the text or took the picture to avoid the “authority trap” confusion. One of the ways to do it is by applying the five “w”s:

  • Who?
  • Where?
  • When?
  • What?
  • Why?

History is not a straight line with only one perspective and one answer. Therefore, a good historian is not looking for the truth. They are looking at the forces that shaped history as we know it. Examining a wide range of sources will allow you to write a profound essay.

For a student to deliver a logical paper with solid argumentation, the research has to follow a specific structure:

  • First, you need to draft your thesis statement. Remember that it might change as you learn more and more about the topic. If you’re unsure about your wording, you can use our thesis generator.
  • Then, you should look once again at your sources to decide which are relevant for your paper. For that, you can annotate them and write a short paragraph that summarizes the main idea of the source. When you come back to them later on, it will be less confusing.
  • In the end, provide your arguments with supporting evidence from the sources. Make sure the order in which you list them is logical.

Outlining your ancient history essay is the critical way to keep it clear and straight to the point. The elements that you should include are as follows:

  1. The research question from the prompt or developed by you.
  2. Your thesis statement.
  3. The main idea of the paragraphs.
  4. The evidence that you will use in every paragraph.

16 Ancient History Essay Topics

To simplify your work, we’ve gathered a list of ancient history topics to write about. Here are issues you can use for practice or draw inspiration for your next assignment.

Try the following ideas:

  1. What caused the fall of the Roman empire?
  2. The construction of the Great Pyramids in Ancient Egypt.
  3. A study of Gods and religious beliefs in Ancient Greece.
  4. The governmental structure and organization in Ancient Rome.
  5. Julius Caesar’s role in the expansion of the Roman Empire.
  6. The structure of labor and slavery in Ancient Egypt.
  7. The importance of the Pharaoh in the New Kingdom.
  8. How did the Olympic Games become an international issue?
  9. Odysseus as an epic hero in Trojan War.
  10. Gods, Goddesses, and Deities of the city of Troy.
  11. Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia comparison.
  12. The significance of sports in Ancient Greece.
  13. An analysis of the reign of King Xerxes of Persia.
  14. Roman citizenship and human rights in Ancient Rome.
  15. Similarities between Mesoamerica and Mesopotamia.
  16. The means of communication in Ancient times during the war.

Thank you for reading our article till the very end. We hope you found it useful for your research. You can now look at the ancient history essay examples below.

334 Best Essay Examples on Ancient History

the Fall of Rome

When observed in another way, the primary cause of the collapse was the conflict between the need to manage wealth and the desire to spend it.
  • 4.8
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2238

Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek Civilizations Comparison

Socially, the two civilizations were very different; the Greeks were known for their strong sense of democracy, while the Mesopotamians were ruled by kings and queens. The ancient Mesopotamian and Greek civilizations were two of [...]
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1541

Mesopotamian Civilization

The history of this great land can be traced through looking at the history of different people who occupied it who included the Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Amorites, the Hitites, the Kassites, the Assyrians, and [...]
  • 3
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1620

Ancient Rome: The Birthplace of Modern Sports

The popularity of sporting competition in the modern society reflects that of the ancient Roman Empire's vision for its society. Chariot racing was one of the most popular sports in ancient Rome, it later spread [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1087

The Ancient Mayan Civilization

The political-social organization of the Maya was hierarchical with a king, nobles and priests on top and the common people and slaves on the bottom.
  • 2.3
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1852

King’s Life: Alexander the Great

Alexander and his father Philip the king had a conflict, when the king decided to marry Cleopatra Eurydice who was a relative to one of kings general.
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1643

Rome, Greek, and Egypt Civilizations Comparison

Rome's civilization revolves around the provisions of Rome's culture in shaping the aspects of the progression of the various parts of Roman society's political, economic, and social structure.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 948

Early Greek, Roman, and Christian Historiography

The historiography context of the Romans is quite distinct from the Greek one The Greek historiography began with oral tradition whereas that of the Romans was based on annals and pontifex maximus which were recorded.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1084

The Stone Age Period and Its Evolution

Therefore, the term is associated with the tools and the equipments that the ancient people made from the stones. In the Neolithic age, there was development of weaving, pottery and metal weapons and tools began [...]
  • 4
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1175

Comparison of Sumerian and Egyptian Civilization

The most important similarity, which also explains the prosperity of the Sumerians and Egyptians, is the territory and environment. Some similarities can be traced to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians and the Sumerians.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 681

The History of Ancient India Analysis

The construction of the massive buildings in the two cities implied the existence of an autocratic regime that mobilized the labor and provided the necessary raw materials.
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1446

Mesopotamia vs. Mexica (Aztec) Civilizations

The society was located in the Valley of Mexico, and its capital was Tenochtitlan, now the site of modern Mexico City. The Mexica religion was a major part of their culture and played a significant [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 835

BBC Ancient Greece: The Greatest Show on Earth

The presenter of this video talks about the importance of theater culture to the people of ancient Athens. In the days of the ancient Greeks, the people of Athens learned the latest news from theatrical [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 382

The Umayyad Empire: Rise, Growth and Fall

Uthmann's assassination led to the outbreak of the first Muslims' civil war known as the Fitna. Therefore, the conquest of Mecca led to the conversion of Muawiya to Islam.
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2474

The Achievements of Cyrus the Great

The earliest city built by the people of Persia was the Achaemenian and this is the city that was established and later used as the capital of the vast Persian Empire established by Cyrus.
  • 4.3
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1095

Alexander the Great and Stoicism

Just like his father he proved to be a great warrior and led his army to conquer the whole world, at least the world known to the Greeks.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 549

The Role of Women in Ancient Egypt

Right to the property for married women and their right to private inheritance and inheritance of the community property belonging to the husband was an essential nature of the status of women in Ancient Egyptian [...]
  • 1
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2106

Multicultural Roman Empire History

Furthermore, the Romans were influenced by the Etruscans, a neighboring tribe to the northwest of Rome, who were allied with and then conquering the newly formed city-state.
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 391

Modern Societies and Ancient Civilizations Comparison

The phrase human life as used in this essay encompasses all elements of life such as the system of government, the type of architecture, the religion of the people, and the recreation activities practiced by [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 637

The Pyramids of Giza

These pyramids symbolized the power of Egyptian pharaohs and the idea of wealth that was inherent to the Egyptian nation in the Old Kingdom."Though the kings of the Old Kingdom built pyramids not for the [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 839

The Sumerian Achievements in Modern Times

The Sumerians were able to designate the limits of their country precisely. In the early Sumerians, they sought the assistance of spiritual healers to exorcise the demons they believed were causing people's illnesses.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2314

Stylistic Features: Ancient Middle East and Roman

There are several peculiarities of design indicating that the contemporary dress can be viewed as the adaption of the ancient stola. In Ancient Rome, this type of clothing was used to conceal the sexuality of [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 621

History: Plutarch’s Vision of Alexander the Great

One of the greatest strengths of Alexander's character is his vision, ambition, and thirst to succeed. The same corruption leads to Philotus disrespecting the king by claiming that he is enjoying the fruits of his [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 644

History: Ancient Greek Olympics

Hence, the myth concerning the emergence of the Olympic Games involves Zeus. The Olympic Games owed their integrity and significance to religion.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1151

The Analysis of Hellenistic Age

When talking of the Hellenistic Age, it refers to the time period of about 30 years between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of the Roman Empire under the leadership of Augustus [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1169

Peloponnesian War: Summary, Causes, & Effects

According to Bagnall, the major cause of the war as accounted by Thucydides was the indiscriminate expansion of Athenian power. The honor was for his contribution to the cautious policy that the Spartans employed during [...]
  • 1.5
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2508

The Mandate of Heaven

Western countries have experienced such disasters in the past, and according to the mandate of heaven, this is a sign of unjust rule.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 591

Women Roles in the Ptolemaic Court

The attempt to figure out the role that women played in Ptolemaic courts uncovered a radical transition regarding the significance of women from Ptolemy I, the first Ptolemaic king, to the beginning of the reign [...]
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2827

Ancient River-Valley Civilizations Comparison

Due to the plentiful water supply, the civilizations were able to boost their farming activities and start agricultural revolutions a rapid increase in the crops harvest powering the development of the cities and the population [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 829

The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

The purpose of this essay is to examine the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, including the influence of the Catholic Church and Kings in the secular and religious activities of the Europeans.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 896

King Tutankhamun’s Afterlife Preparation

The tomb of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun is one of the most significant archaeological finds in the exploration of Ancient Egypt. The Valley of the Kings is located on the east coast of the Nile [...]
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 2877

Herodotus: The Father of History

He proceeded on tour to Athena, Egypt, the Black Sea, and the East of Europe, demonstrating the knowledge and was eventually referred to as "The Father of History".
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 547

Aztec: Barbaric or Civilized

In the picture of a gold necklace placed in the Field Museum it is visible to the naked eye that the work is so fine and marvelous that it is even hard to believe the [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 631

Religion and Society in Ancient Egypt

The king sought to control the flow of resources which were collected from the provinces and peasants and channeled upward. The class division was strongly present in the mythology of Ancient Egypt and was accepted [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 828

Greek Mythology and Christianity

This research paper aims to explore the historical-cultural relationships and aspects of the religious worldview between Greek mythology and Christianity, focusing on three key areas: creation stories, central figures, and divine intervention.
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 414

How “African” Was Ancient Egypt?

Some argue that the Ancient Egyptians must have been Black Africans, while others state that cannot be true, at least in terms of physical appearance, Combined with the peculiarity of Egyptian culture, from this emerges [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 363

The Nile Delta: Impact on History and Culture

Currently, the Nile Delta is one of the most populated areas of Egypt, but this was not always the case. The use of the Delta contributed to the active development of the economy in Ancient [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 558

History of Ancient Greek

It was the accuracy and correctness of the prediction that daunted astronomers for years to come. This event hailed a new set of astronomers who tried to figure out the means to predict such future [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 300

The Ancient Greek Society: Role of Religion

In the cultural sense, the phrase 'ancient Greece' refers to the way of life of the ancient Greek people as depicted in their mode of worship, language, governance, entertainment and their understanding of the physical [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 872

Maya, Aztec and Inca Collapse

The Aztec and the Incas are examples of civilizations present in Southern America and form among the greatest civilization of the world at their time.
  • Pages: 15
  • Words: 4067

Alexander the Great: A Pioneer of Western Civilization

Alexander the Great used the Roman Empire to spread Greek civilization to Europe and the rest of the world. The Greek Macedonian Empire that was established by Alexander the Great extended to many parts of [...]
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1703

The Great Pyramids of Giza: Formal Analysis

The artwork known as the Great Pyramids of Giza is one of the most prominent examples of global historical heritage. The artwork is represented by buildings in the form of pyramids, and the constructions' relationship [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 404

Science and Technology’ Development in Ancient Civilizations

These observations on Egyptian civilization assisted many in understanding the daunting challenges human beings experienced in terms of: the nature of human relationships; the nature of the universe; and the role of the divine forces [...]
  • Pages: 15
  • Words: 4174

Lysistrata: An Anti-War Play

The action evolves around the idea to come about the salvation of Greek people that is hatched by the main heroine of the play Lysistrata who encourages all women of Greece to withhold their marriage [...]
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1941

History of Athenian Democracy

There were three main bodies that governed the affairs of Athens and they were the assembly, the council and the courts all which were run by representatives of the people.
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1899

The Shipwrecked Sailor Papyrus Analysis

In the end, despite the bewitching story at the junction of mysticism and reality, the nobleman is still depressed and afraid of the court. The words of the Serpent once again confirm that the island [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 564

Diocletian vs Constantine I Reforms Comparison

Constantine had a new capital that gradually became the cultural and economic center of the Roman Empire. The contrast between the two rulers could be seen in their attitude and relation to the innovations.
  • 5
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 563

The Rise and Fall of Constantinople

Byzantine Constantinople was the capital of Christian Empire the successor of Greece and Rome, and it became the wealthiest and the largest city in the whole Europe.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2373

Wu Zetian and Hatshepsut, Ancient Female Rulers

The Pharaoh Hatshepsut was born in 1507 BC and was the fifth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. She ascended the throne in 1478, as the daughter of Thutmose I, and a wife of [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 856

Mayan Civilization’s Disappearance

Therefore, the drought theory could be considered as the most reasonable for explaining the Mayan civilization's disappearance mystery. Two most reasonable hypotheses of Mayan civilization's disappearance were examined: the drought theory and the environmental theory.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 624

Egyptian Pharaoh’s Power and Personalities

The records gathered from the offices of pharaohs helped to comprehend the importance of a gender issue in Ancient Egypt. The power of the pharaoh was impressive and could change history.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 200

Factors That Influenced Development on Human Civilization

Some of the ancient trading activities included the exchange of food crops which led to development of agriculture in various territories."Ideas also spread and developed through trading activities". At this time many people were concerned [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 634

The Hammurabi Code’s Influences and Impacts

However, considering the focus dedicated to private ownership, contracts, salaries, and markets, it is possible to argue that Hammurabi was interested in the economic challenges of the Babylonians. The death penalty is sentenced to both [...]
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1900

Early Civilization in Africa Analysis

Therefore, the study of complex societies has risen in popularity to investigate the formation of states separately from the concept of urbanization. The evidence of African civilization enables anthropologists and archeologists to better understand the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1115

The History of the Byzantine Empire in 565-800

The Byzantium Empire succeeded the Roman Empire in terms of the monarchical government and a complex system of bureaucracy. During the VIIth and the VIIIth centuries, the model of government was evolving, reversing to the [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 687

Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead

It is a critical and ending part of the journey in the afterlife when the individual would arrive at the Hall of Maat and the purity of their soul is judged before entering the Kingdom [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 483

Roman Colosseum in Ancient European History

The monument received the name Colosseum in the Middle Ages from the distorted Latin word "colosseum", while in Imperial Rome, it was called the Flavian amphitheater in honor of the imperial dynasty.
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2537

The Great Hymn to Osiris

The passage is critical in the understanding of the Osiris myth since it depicts the position of women in the Egyptian traditional society.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1135

Ancient Egypt vs. Ancient Greece

In this paper, the researcher seeks to investigate the extent to which Ancient Egypt became Greek and the extent to which it remained the same during and after the rule by Ancient Greece.
  • 5
  • Pages: 14
  • Words: 3860

The Aksumite Empire History Overview

The Aksumite Empire was one of the ancient civilizations whose existence was mainly supported by the natural environment and the natural resources of the region.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 857

Tacitus’ The Agricola and The Germania

The Agricola and the Germania are the two educative works which describe the achievements of the Roman Empire from different perspectives: the Germania is based on the traditions which were set by the Roman government [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 895

Medicine in Ancient Rome

This was after the evolution of the use of herbs as poisons that were used to kill people. Herbal knowledge in the region revolved around the army quite a bit and the soldiers gained from [...]
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2051

The Rosetta Stone in Ancient Egypt

In 1814, he began his work on interpreting the inscriptions on the Rosetta Stone as depicted in the documentary, 'Mystery of The Rosetta Stone: Documentary on Ancient Egypt and the Rosetta Stone.' During this process, [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 421

Ancient Greek Civilization: Culture and Arts

To begin with, the earliest period of Greek history was the Bronze, and it is characterized by the usage and production of essential tools and the formation of two civilizations, which further contributed to the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1238

Pompeii Before the Eruption

People of Pompeii were very concerned about their city and its significance for them. There were several riots of Pompeian people against, first, Greeks, then Romans.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 493

Ancient History: Polybius on the Roman Republic

As Polybius states himself, he is so interested in the Roman Government because he wants to explain to his readers how "almost the whole world fell under the rule of one power, that of Rome".
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 602

Roman Dress: the Influence of Roman Law

The aristocratic nature of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, and the privileged position of Roman citizens about the other residents of the vast territory of the Roman state, as well as the developed bureaucratic [...]
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1676

Mummification in Egypt: Nature of the Process

In addition, Egyptians believed that both animals and the human soul were inseparable from the rest of the body. The Egyptians felt that such practices were important in the well being of every individual in [...]
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2214

The Maya Civilisation (Central America)

Demarest affirms that the Maya Civilization was located on the eastern part of the modern day Mesoamerica. The confines of the Maya Civilization are, thus, contentious since they changed with the movement of cultural behaviours [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 813

The Greco-Roman influence

The paper discusses the nature of the cultural influence between the Romans and the Greek revealing the commonalities and discrepancies existing between the two.
  • 5
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 617

The literature of the Middle Kingdom

In The history of ancient Egypt, The Middle Kingdom of Egypt refers to a period that stretches over the eleventh dynasty up to the completion of the fourteenth dynasty.
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1318

The Battle of Pharsalus

In fact, the purpose of why Caesar and Pompeius supported the idea of was similar: to get the power of the Roman citizens and conquer the whole world.
  • 5
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 3043

Assyrians and Persians’ Approaches to Invasions

Both Assyrians and Persians differ significantly in their approaches to invasions, with the former murdering their enemies and the latter valuing human lives and religion. The kings of Persia, in contrast, were renowned for their [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 401

The Parthenon: An Artifact Analysis

The temple was meant to accommodate the new gigantic sculpture of the goddess by Pheidias and to announce to the world that Athens had beaten the attacking Persian troops under Xerxes and Darius as the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1187

Law and Society in Ancient Rome

In the Roman law, the man is recognized as the head of the household owning the entire property under the family's name.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 835

Empires’ Success in Ancient World History

They include The Roman empire, the Persian empire, Indian empire and the Parthian empire, there are also a lot of other empires that were also formed. The British empire was also able to withstand a [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 707

Rise of the Roman Empire

Romulus Augustulus who was the last emperor of the Western empire was deposed in the year 476 and this marked the end of the empire.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 879
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