Free Ancient History Essay Examples & Topics

Free Ancient History Essay Examples & Topics

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336 samples

An ancient history essay is a type of assignment that requires students to analyze events, historical figures, and past societies. Based on this research, you will make a claim that should be supported with proof and historical evidence.

That is why our experts prepared a list of tips and advice on how to succeed in writing your following paper in ancient history. At the end of the article, you will also be able to find free samples. Besides, here you’ll have access to ancient history topics that can be useful for practicing or coming up with your ideas.

Any ancient history essay should be based on factual proof and solid arguments regardless of the period it focuses on. A legitimate question might arise: where do I get the evidence? For that, you need to understand where to find information. For most of your papers, the use of primary and secondary sources is a requirement.

Let’s figure out the difference between the two:

  1. Primary Sources are immediate first-hand accounts of a topic. Usually, people directly related to events write them. Primary sources include documents, laws, speeches, photographs, newspapers, and many more.
  2. Secondary Sources are sources that quote primary sources. These resources focus on historical events as well. However, they add a level of interpretation and analysis. Secondary sources can include books, research papers, scholarly articles, documentaries.

A student who strives to produce a well-written ancient times essay should conduct historical analysis. However, what is it? It is a method of examining the evidence to understand the past.

While the past consists of all the events that happened, history is what we know about these events. We have to carefully examine who wrote the text or took the picture to avoid the “authority trap” confusion. One of the ways to do it is by applying the five “w”s:

  • Who?
  • Where?
  • When?
  • What?
  • Why?

History is not a straight line with only one perspective and one answer. Therefore, a good historian is not looking for the truth. They are looking at the forces that shaped history as we know it. Examining a wide range of sources will allow you to write a profound essay.

For a student to deliver a logical paper with solid argumentation, the research has to follow a specific structure:

  • First, you need to draft your thesis statement. Remember that it might change as you learn more and more about the topic. If you’re unsure about your wording, you can use our thesis generator.
  • Then, you should look once again at your sources to decide which are relevant for your paper. For that, you can annotate them and write a short paragraph that summarizes the main idea of the source. When you come back to them later on, it will be less confusing.
  • In the end, provide your arguments with supporting evidence from the sources. Make sure the order in which you list them is logical.

Outlining your ancient history essay is the critical way to keep it clear and straight to the point. The elements that you should include are as follows:

  1. The research question from the prompt or developed by you.
  2. Your thesis statement.
  3. The main idea of the paragraphs.
  4. The evidence that you will use in every paragraph.

16 Ancient History Essay Topics

To simplify your work, we’ve gathered a list of ancient history topics to write about. Here are issues you can use for practice or draw inspiration for your next assignment.

Try the following ideas:

  1. What caused the fall of the Roman empire?
  2. The construction of the Great Pyramids in Ancient Egypt.
  3. A study of Gods and religious beliefs in Ancient Greece.
  4. The governmental structure and organization in Ancient Rome.
  5. Julius Caesar’s role in the expansion of the Roman Empire.
  6. The structure of labor and slavery in Ancient Egypt.
  7. The importance of the Pharaoh in the New Kingdom.
  8. How did the Olympic Games become an international issue?
  9. Odysseus as an epic hero in Trojan War.
  10. Gods, Goddesses, and Deities of the city of Troy.
  11. Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia comparison.
  12. The significance of sports in Ancient Greece.
  13. An analysis of the reign of King Xerxes of Persia.
  14. Roman citizenship and human rights in Ancient Rome.
  15. Similarities between Mesoamerica and Mesopotamia.
  16. The means of communication in Ancient times during the war.

Thank you for reading our article till the very end. We hope you found it useful for your research. You can now look at the ancient history essay examples below.

336 Best Essay Examples on Ancient History

Mesopotamian Civilization

The history of this great land can be traced through looking at the history of different people who occupied it who included the Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Amorites, the Hitites, the Kassites, the Assyrians, and [...]
  • 3
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1620

Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek Civilizations Comparison

Socially, the two civilizations were very different; the Greeks were known for their strong sense of democracy, while the Mesopotamians were ruled by kings and queens. The ancient Mesopotamian and Greek civilizations were two of [...]
  • Pages: 5
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Comparison of Sumerian and Egyptian Civilization

The most important similarity, which also explains the prosperity of the Sumerians and Egyptians, is the territory and environment. Some similarities can be traced to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians and the Sumerians.
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The Stone Age Period and Its Evolution

Therefore, the term is associated with the tools and the equipments that the ancient people made from the stones. In the Neolithic age, there was development of weaving, pottery and metal weapons and tools began [...]
  • 4
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The Umayyad Empire: Rise, Growth and Fall

Uthmann's assassination led to the outbreak of the first Muslims' civil war known as the Fitna. Therefore, the conquest of Mecca led to the conversion of Muawiya to Islam.
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  • Words: 2474

the Fall of Rome

When observed in another way, the primary cause of the collapse was the conflict between the need to manage wealth and the desire to spend it.
  • 4.8
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  • Words: 2238

Herodotus: The Father of History

He proceeded on tour to Athena, Egypt, the Black Sea, and the East of Europe, demonstrating the knowledge and was eventually referred to as "The Father of History".
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 547

The History of Ancient India Analysis

The construction of the massive buildings in the two cities implied the existence of an autocratic regime that mobilized the labor and provided the necessary raw materials.
  • Pages: 5
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The Ancient Mayan Civilization

The political-social organization of the Maya was hierarchical with a king, nobles and priests on top and the common people and slaves on the bottom.
  • 2.3
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Early Greek, Roman, and Christian Historiography

The historiography context of the Romans is quite distinct from the Greek one The Greek historiography began with oral tradition whereas that of the Romans was based on annals and pontifex maximus which were recorded.
  • Pages: 4
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Modern Societies and Ancient Civilizations Comparison

The phrase human life as used in this essay encompasses all elements of life such as the system of government, the type of architecture, the religion of the people, and the recreation activities practiced by [...]
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Ancient Rome: The Birthplace of Modern Sports

The popularity of sporting competition in the modern society reflects that of the ancient Roman Empire's vision for its society. Chariot racing was one of the most popular sports in ancient Rome, it later spread [...]
  • 5
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History: Plutarch’s Vision of Alexander the Great

One of the greatest strengths of Alexander's character is his vision, ambition, and thirst to succeed. The same corruption leads to Philotus disrespecting the king by claiming that he is enjoying the fruits of his [...]
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Lysistrata: An Anti-War Play

The action evolves around the idea to come about the salvation of Greek people that is hatched by the main heroine of the play Lysistrata who encourages all women of Greece to withhold their marriage [...]
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1941

Mesopotamia vs. Mexica (Aztec) Civilizations

The society was located in the Valley of Mexico, and its capital was Tenochtitlan, now the site of modern Mexico City. The Mexica religion was a major part of their culture and played a significant [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 835

The Sumerian Achievements in Modern Times

The Sumerians were able to designate the limits of their country precisely. In the early Sumerians, they sought the assistance of spiritual healers to exorcise the demons they believed were causing people's illnesses.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2314

Ancient River-Valley Civilizations Comparison

Due to the plentiful water supply, the civilizations were able to boost their farming activities and start agricultural revolutions a rapid increase in the crops harvest powering the development of the cities and the population [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 829

King’s Life: Alexander the Great

Alexander and his father Philip the king had a conflict, when the king decided to marry Cleopatra Eurydice who was a relative to one of kings general.
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1643

BBC Ancient Greece: The Greatest Show on Earth

The presenter of this video talks about the importance of theater culture to the people of ancient Athens. In the days of the ancient Greeks, the people of Athens learned the latest news from theatrical [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 382

Stylistic Features: Ancient Middle East and Roman

There are several peculiarities of design indicating that the contemporary dress can be viewed as the adaption of the ancient stola. In Ancient Rome, this type of clothing was used to conceal the sexuality of [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 621

Roman Colosseum in Ancient European History

The monument received the name Colosseum in the Middle Ages from the distorted Latin word "colosseum", while in Imperial Rome, it was called the Flavian amphitheater in honor of the imperial dynasty.
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2537

Civilization in Ancient Egypt

The civilization of ancient Egypt happened at the same time Mesopotamian civilization was taking place in other areas in the nations of the Akkadians, Babylonians and the Sumerians. Indeed, religion in ancient Egypt led to [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1280

Civilized Nations vs. Barbarians in History

The current essay demonstrates the importance of interaction between civilized peoples and barbarians by explaining the outcomes of cultural exchange and potential reasons for conflict.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 569

Aztec: Barbaric or Civilized

In the picture of a gold necklace placed in the Field Museum it is visible to the naked eye that the work is so fine and marvelous that it is even hard to believe the [...]
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The Fall of Roman Republic

The Roman Republic lasted over four and a half centuries until it collapsed due to numerous civil wars and from the Roman Republic the government turned from Republican to a government that had a Principate [...]
  • Pages: 5
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Structure of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro

The most featured activities were discovery of clothes through the use of the spinning jenny, the domestication of animals, and the discovery of plantation farming.
  • 4
  • Pages: 14
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The Rectal Speculum Instrument in Ancient Times

The rectal speculum was one of the most significant surgical devices in Greco-Roman medicine. In terms of the historical background of the instrument's employment, it's important to remember that the spread of Christianity began during [...]
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  • Words: 300

The Middle Era of The Abbasid Empire

The victory of Abbasids over the Umayyads to claim the leadership of Muslims globally was accompanied by the move of the Empire's capital from Syria to Iraq.
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Rise of the Roman Empire

Romulus Augustulus who was the last emperor of the Western empire was deposed in the year 476 and this marked the end of the empire.
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Roman Civilization’ Analysis

This paper will describe the Roman civilization, some important moments in its history, and how it interacted with Islamic civilization. Some of the most important parts of Roman history are related to the changes in [...]
  • Pages: 2
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Factors That Influenced Development on Human Civilization

Some of the ancient trading activities included the exchange of food crops which led to development of agriculture in various territories."Ideas also spread and developed through trading activities". At this time many people were concerned [...]
  • Pages: 2
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Polybius vs. Livy on the Second Punic War

In terms of the former, Rome's and Cartago's ambitions can be considered the origins of the War. 1 Regarding the causes, Polybius emphasizes the "wrath of the Barcids," Hannibal's family members, the Roman seizure of [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 402

The Parthenon: An Artifact Analysis

The temple was meant to accommodate the new gigantic sculpture of the goddess by Pheidias and to announce to the world that Athens had beaten the attacking Persian troops under Xerxes and Darius as the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1187

Greek and Roman Naming Systems

The remnants of the specified naming system can be found in the present-day context of most languages, with the first name and the last name being the key elements of the naming system as it [...]
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Multicultural Roman Empire History

Furthermore, the Romans were influenced by the Etruscans, a neighboring tribe to the northwest of Rome, who were allied with and then conquering the newly formed city-state.
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  • Words: 391

Rome, Greek, and Egypt Civilizations Comparison

Rome's civilization revolves around the provisions of Rome's culture in shaping the aspects of the progression of the various parts of Roman society's political, economic, and social structure.
  • Pages: 3
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History of Ancient Greek

It was the accuracy and correctness of the prediction that daunted astronomers for years to come. This event hailed a new set of astronomers who tried to figure out the means to predict such future [...]
  • 5
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Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

With this insight into the fall of the Roman empire, we realize that there's still a cultural line between ancient Rome and the contemporary world.
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 396

Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead

It is a critical and ending part of the journey in the afterlife when the individual would arrive at the Hall of Maat and the purity of their soul is judged before entering the Kingdom [...]
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  • Words: 483

Greek City-States – Ancient History

Using the case of the early Greek poleis, this paper shows that commercialisation and changing attitudes about leadership have changed the nature of states.
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The Histories: Greek Identity

With the help of such a deep analysis of the conflict, described in The Histories, and the events, which happened in real, the reader gets a wonderful opportunity to clear up the major elements of [...]
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Civilization in Mesopotamia and Egypt

The people of Mesopotamia used calendars in order to determine when the floods could occur along the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. The Egyptians had a lot of developments in the field of architecture and art [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 571

Peloponnesian War: Summary, Causes, & Effects

According to Bagnall, the major cause of the war as accounted by Thucydides was the indiscriminate expansion of Athenian power. The honor was for his contribution to the cautious policy that the Spartans employed during [...]
  • 1.5
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2508

Alexander the Great: A Pioneer of Western Civilization

Alexander the Great used the Roman Empire to spread Greek civilization to Europe and the rest of the world. The Greek Macedonian Empire that was established by Alexander the Great extended to many parts of [...]
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1703

Strategies in the Peloponnesian War

A pivotal moment in Greek civilization was the conflict between Sparta and the Athenians in the Peloponnesian War, which is significant in Greek history as it heralded the culmination of Greece's Golden Age, a shift [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1107

How “African” Was Ancient Egypt?

Some argue that the Ancient Egyptians must have been Black Africans, while others state that cannot be true, at least in terms of physical appearance, Combined with the peculiarity of Egyptian culture, from this emerges [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 363

The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

The purpose of this essay is to examine the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, including the influence of the Catholic Church and Kings in the secular and religious activities of the Europeans.
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  • Words: 896

Ancient Greek Civilization: Culture and Arts

To begin with, the earliest period of Greek history was the Bronze, and it is characterized by the usage and production of essential tools and the formation of two civilizations, which further contributed to the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1238

Pompeii Before the Eruption

People of Pompeii were very concerned about their city and its significance for them. There were several riots of Pompeian people against, first, Greeks, then Romans.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 493

Vikings and the Development of Europe

The period started with the first attacks in the 8th century and ended in the 11th, as the Scandinavians were assimilated into Christianity and the broader European culture.
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  • Words: 1085

Ancient Democracy: Review

All of the Athenians were involved in the process of selecting the candidates for the positions of the Archons the advisors to the ruler of the city.
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The Barbarianism Invasion to Rome Empire

The Knowledge gained of Roman mode of warfare as well as military tactics through serving within the Roman Army by the Babarians, was the major cause of the fall of the Roman Empire.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 923

Roman Aristocratic Ethos, Values and Goals

The first characteristics of the nobility appeared to be described from the period of Roman Greece, when the Roman Empire won the battle of Corinth and made the capital Byzantium city.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 840

The Culture of Ancient Egypt

To the advantage of Egyptians in the ancient times, the floods carried with them silt, fertile soils, and minerals which when the flood receded lift rich thick mud that the people grew crops during October [...]
  • Pages: 13
  • Words: 3241

Alexander the Great and Stoicism

Just like his father he proved to be a great warrior and led his army to conquer the whole world, at least the world known to the Greeks.
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 549

Religion and Society in Ancient Egypt

The king sought to control the flow of resources which were collected from the provinces and peasants and channeled upward. The class division was strongly present in the mythology of Ancient Egypt and was accepted [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 828

The Great Hymn to Osiris

The passage is critical in the understanding of the Osiris myth since it depicts the position of women in the Egyptian traditional society.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1135

Women Roles in the Ptolemaic Court

The attempt to figure out the role that women played in Ptolemaic courts uncovered a radical transition regarding the significance of women from Ptolemy I, the first Ptolemaic king, to the beginning of the reign [...]
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2827

Mummification in Egypt: Nature of the Process

In addition, Egyptians believed that both animals and the human soul were inseparable from the rest of the body. The Egyptians felt that such practices were important in the well being of every individual in [...]
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2214

The Aksumite Empire History Overview

The Aksumite Empire was one of the ancient civilizations whose existence was mainly supported by the natural environment and the natural resources of the region.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 857

Rape in Ancient Societies

As long as the fallacies of integrity and closure are upheld, a desire to penetrate becomes a desire to rape.[3] The above statement also reveals an important feature of the act of rape that it [...]
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2684

The Battle of Pharsalus

In fact, the purpose of why Caesar and Pompeius supported the idea of was similar: to get the power of the Roman citizens and conquer the whole world.
  • 5
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 3043

Chichen Itza Archeologic Site

The archeological site is located in Yucatan Peninsula and presents one of the most famous archeological sites in Mexico, "Chichen Itza has been considered one of the most important sites in the north portion of [...]
  • 3
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 856

Comparisons of Early Greek and Early Roman Cultures

The early Greek and Roman cultures were passed down and still influence the modern way of life. Greek's colonization of the Mediterranean region was in the form of extension of the isolated city states.
  • 5
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 876

Greek Mythology and Christianity

This research paper aims to explore the historical-cultural relationships and aspects of the religious worldview between Greek mythology and Christianity, focusing on three key areas: creation stories, central figures, and divine intervention.
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 414

Kingship in the Ancient Near East

The Hebrews used a stunningly symmetrical image of Yahweh, the king in heaven, and David, the king on earth. Even when kings no longer have any relevance to modernity, the images of God as king [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 397

Ethnic Minorities in Ancient Egypt

The main topic of the article is the study of the characteristics of various ethnic groups and social organizations in the Ancient Egyptian civilization.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 933

The Great Pyramids of Giza: Formal Analysis

The artwork known as the Great Pyramids of Giza is one of the most prominent examples of global historical heritage. The artwork is represented by buildings in the form of pyramids, and the constructions' relationship [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 404

The Shipwrecked Sailor Papyrus Analysis

In the end, despite the bewitching story at the junction of mysticism and reality, the nobleman is still depressed and afraid of the court. The words of the Serpent once again confirm that the island [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 564

The Hammurabi Code’s Influences and Impacts

However, considering the focus dedicated to private ownership, contracts, salaries, and markets, it is possible to argue that Hammurabi was interested in the economic challenges of the Babylonians. The death penalty is sentenced to both [...]
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1900

Roman Values and Social Identity

The fact that according to most of the myths, Rome started from fratricide seems to be quite relevant as the city's history is famously filled with civil conflicts and wars.
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 334

The Roman Empire: Globalization and Religious Power

The Roman Empire is the first-ever experience of world globalization, the creation of a universal multinational society, in which the main directions of historical development with its ups and downs, unprecedented progress, and wild barbarism [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 385

Diocletian vs Constantine I Reforms Comparison

Constantine had a new capital that gradually became the cultural and economic center of the Roman Empire. The contrast between the two rulers could be seen in their attitude and relation to the innovations.
  • 5
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 563

The Role of Women in Ancient Egypt

Right to the property for married women and their right to private inheritance and inheritance of the community property belonging to the husband was an essential nature of the status of women in Ancient Egyptian [...]
  • 1
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2106

The Analysis of Hellenistic Age

When talking of the Hellenistic Age, it refers to the time period of about 30 years between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of the Roman Empire under the leadership of Augustus [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1169
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