Free Ancient History Essay Examples & Topics

Free Ancient History Essay Examples & Topics

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351 samples

An ancient history essay is a type of assignment that requires students to analyze events, historical figures, and past societies. Based on this research, you will make a claim that should be supported with proof and historical evidence.

That is why our experts prepared a list of tips and advice on how to succeed in writing your following paper in ancient history. At the end of the article, you will also be able to find free samples. Besides, here you’ll have access to ancient history topics that can be useful for practicing or coming up with your ideas.

Any ancient history essay should be based on factual proof and solid arguments regardless of the period it focuses on. A legitimate question might arise: where do I get the evidence? For that, you need to understand where to find information. For most of your papers, the use of primary and secondary sources is a requirement.

Let’s figure out the difference between the two:

  1. Primary Sources are immediate first-hand accounts of a topic. Usually, people directly related to events write them. Primary sources include documents, laws, speeches, photographs, newspapers, and many more.
  2. Secondary Sources are sources that quote primary sources. These resources focus on historical events as well. However, they add a level of interpretation and analysis. Secondary sources can include books, research papers, scholarly articles, documentaries.

A student who strives to produce a well-written ancient times essay should conduct historical analysis. However, what is it? It is a method of examining the evidence to understand the past.

While the past consists of all the events that happened, history is what we know about these events. We have to carefully examine who wrote the text or took the picture to avoid the “authority trap” confusion. One of the ways to do it is by applying the five “w”s:

  • Who?
  • Where?
  • When?
  • What?
  • Why?

History is not a straight line with only one perspective and one answer. Therefore, a good historian is not looking for the truth. They are looking at the forces that shaped history as we know it. Examining a wide range of sources will allow you to write a profound essay.

For a student to deliver a logical paper with solid argumentation, the research has to follow a specific structure:

  • First, you need to draft your thesis statement. Remember that it might change as you learn more and more about the topic. If you’re unsure about your wording, you can use our thesis generator.
  • Then, you should look once again at your sources to decide which are relevant for your paper. For that, you can annotate them and write a short paragraph that summarizes the main idea of the source. When you come back to them later on, it will be less confusing.
  • In the end, provide your arguments with supporting evidence from the sources. Make sure the order in which you list them is logical.

Outlining your ancient history essay is the critical way to keep it clear and straight to the point. The elements that you should include are as follows:

  1. The research question from the prompt or developed by you.
  2. Your thesis statement.
  3. The main idea of the paragraphs.
  4. The evidence that you will use in every paragraph.

16 Ancient History Essay Topics

To simplify your work, we’ve gathered a list of ancient history topics to write about. Here are issues you can use for practice or draw inspiration for your next assignment.

Try the following ideas:

  1. What caused the fall of the Roman empire?
  2. The construction of the Great Pyramids in Ancient Egypt.
  3. A study of Gods and religious beliefs in Ancient Greece.
  4. The governmental structure and organization in Ancient Rome.
  5. Julius Caesar’s role in the expansion of the Roman Empire.
  6. The structure of labor and slavery in Ancient Egypt.
  7. The importance of the Pharaoh in the New Kingdom.
  8. How did the Olympic Games become an international issue?
  9. Odysseus as an epic hero in Trojan War.
  10. Gods, Goddesses, and Deities of the city of Troy.
  11. Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia comparison.
  12. The significance of sports in Ancient Greece.
  13. An analysis of the reign of King Xerxes of Persia.
  14. Roman citizenship and human rights in Ancient Rome.
  15. Similarities between Mesoamerica and Mesopotamia.
  16. The means of communication in Ancient times during the war.

Thank you for reading our article till the very end. We hope you found it useful for your research. You can now look at the ancient history essay examples below.

351 Best Essay Examples on Ancient History

the Fall of Rome

When observed in another way, the primary cause of the collapse was the conflict between the need to manage wealth and the desire to spend it.
  • 4.8
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Mesopotamian Civilization

The history of this great land can be traced through looking at the history of different people who occupied it who included the Sumerians, the Akkadians, the Amorites, the Hitites, the Kassites, the Assyrians, and [...]
  • 3
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Mesopotamian and Ancient Greek Civilizations Comparison

Socially, the two civilizations were very different; the Greeks were known for their strong sense of democracy, while the Mesopotamians were ruled by kings and queens. The ancient Mesopotamian and Greek civilizations were two of [...]
  • Pages: 5
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Ancient Rome: The Birthplace of Modern Sports

The popularity of sporting competition in the modern society reflects that of the ancient Roman Empire's vision for its society. Chariot racing was one of the most popular sports in ancient Rome, it later spread [...]
  • 5
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The Umayyad Empire: Rise, Growth and Fall

Uthmann's assassination led to the outbreak of the first Muslims' civil war known as the Fitna. Therefore, the conquest of Mecca led to the conversion of Muawiya to Islam.
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Early Greek, Roman, and Christian Historiography

The historiography context of the Romans is quite distinct from the Greek one The Greek historiography began with oral tradition whereas that of the Romans was based on annals and pontifex maximus which were recorded.
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The Ancient Mayan Civilization

The political-social organization of the Maya was hierarchical with a king, nobles and priests on top and the common people and slaves on the bottom.
  • 2.3
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The Sumerian Achievements in Modern Times

The Sumerians were able to designate the limits of their country precisely. In the early Sumerians, they sought the assistance of spiritual healers to exorcise the demons they believed were causing people's illnesses.
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The Stone Age Period and Its Evolution

Therefore, the term is associated with the tools and the equipments that the ancient people made from the stones. In the Neolithic age, there was development of weaving, pottery and metal weapons and tools began [...]
  • 4
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Lysistrata: An Anti-War Play

The action evolves around the idea to come about the salvation of Greek people that is hatched by the main heroine of the play Lysistrata who encourages all women of Greece to withhold their marriage [...]
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The History of Ancient India Analysis

The construction of the massive buildings in the two cities implied the existence of an autocratic regime that mobilized the labor and provided the necessary raw materials.
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Mesopotamia vs. Mexica (Aztec) Civilizations

The society was located in the Valley of Mexico, and its capital was Tenochtitlan, now the site of modern Mexico City. The Mexica religion was a major part of their culture and played a significant [...]
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Modern Societies and Ancient Civilizations Comparison

The phrase human life as used in this essay encompasses all elements of life such as the system of government, the type of architecture, the religion of the people, and the recreation activities practiced by [...]
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King’s Life: Alexander the Great

Alexander and his father Philip the king had a conflict, when the king decided to marry Cleopatra Eurydice who was a relative to one of kings general.
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Rome, Greek, and Egypt Civilizations Comparison

Rome's civilization revolves around the provisions of Rome's culture in shaping the aspects of the progression of the various parts of Roman society's political, economic, and social structure.
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Comparison of Sumerian and Egyptian Civilization

The most important similarity, which also explains the prosperity of the Sumerians and Egyptians, is the territory and environment. Some similarities can be traced to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians and the Sumerians.
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History: Plutarch’s Vision of Alexander the Great

One of the greatest strengths of Alexander's character is his vision, ambition, and thirst to succeed. The same corruption leads to Philotus disrespecting the king by claiming that he is enjoying the fruits of his [...]
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Ancient River-Valley Civilizations Comparison

Due to the plentiful water supply, the civilizations were able to boost their farming activities and start agricultural revolutions a rapid increase in the crops harvest powering the development of the cities and the population [...]
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Greek Mythology and Christianity

This research paper aims to explore the historical-cultural relationships and aspects of the religious worldview between Greek mythology and Christianity, focusing on three key areas: creation stories, central figures, and divine intervention.
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The Pyramids of Giza

These pyramids symbolized the power of Egyptian pharaohs and the idea of wealth that was inherent to the Egyptian nation in the Old Kingdom."Though the kings of the Old Kingdom built pyramids not for the [...]
  • 5
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 839

Alexander the Great: A Pioneer of Western Civilization

Alexander the Great used the Roman Empire to spread Greek civilization to Europe and the rest of the world. The Greek Macedonian Empire that was established by Alexander the Great extended to many parts of [...]
  • Pages: 6
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Civilization in Mesopotamia and Egypt

The people of Mesopotamia used calendars in order to determine when the floods could occur along the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. The Egyptians had a lot of developments in the field of architecture and art [...]
  • 5
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Agamemnon as a Leader – Ancient History

This was just before they sailed to Troy for battle where Agamemnon's insults resulted to them being disciplined as the winds died so that they were unable to navigate, until Agamemnon made a sacrifice to [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 1072

Factors That Influenced Development on Human Civilization

Some of the ancient trading activities included the exchange of food crops which led to development of agriculture in various territories."Ideas also spread and developed through trading activities". At this time many people were concerned [...]
  • Pages: 2
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The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

The purpose of this essay is to examine the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, including the influence of the Catholic Church and Kings in the secular and religious activities of the Europeans.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 896

Decline of the Roman Empire

The decline of the Roman Empire in the West that began in the 5th century had multiple interconnected factors. However, the economic and military rise of Constantinople led to the crisis in Rome.
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 327

The Hammurabi Code’s Influences and Impacts

However, considering the focus dedicated to private ownership, contracts, salaries, and markets, it is possible to argue that Hammurabi was interested in the economic challenges of the Babylonians. The death penalty is sentenced to both [...]
  • Pages: 7
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Stylistic Features: Ancient Middle East and Roman

There are several peculiarities of design indicating that the contemporary dress can be viewed as the adaption of the ancient stola. In Ancient Rome, this type of clothing was used to conceal the sexuality of [...]
  • Pages: 4
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Herodotus: The Father of History

He proceeded on tour to Athena, Egypt, the Black Sea, and the East of Europe, demonstrating the knowledge and was eventually referred to as "The Father of History".
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Civilized Nations vs. Barbarians in History

The current essay demonstrates the importance of interaction between civilized peoples and barbarians by explaining the outcomes of cultural exchange and potential reasons for conflict.
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King Tutankhamun’s Afterlife Preparation

The tomb of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun is one of the most significant archaeological finds in the exploration of Ancient Egypt. The Valley of the Kings is located on the east coast of the Nile [...]
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 2877

The Nile Delta: Impact on History and Culture

Currently, the Nile Delta is one of the most populated areas of Egypt, but this was not always the case. The use of the Delta contributed to the active development of the economy in Ancient [...]
  • Pages: 2
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Early Civilization in Africa Analysis

Therefore, the study of complex societies has risen in popularity to investigate the formation of states separately from the concept of urbanization. The evidence of African civilization enables anthropologists and archeologists to better understand the [...]
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Vikings and the Development of Europe

The period started with the first attacks in the 8th century and ended in the 11th, as the Scandinavians were assimilated into Christianity and the broader European culture.
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Presentation of Augustus and Justinian Comparison

The first and maybe the main point in this opposition of times and customs is the role of a ruler. There is a great contrast between the idealized picture of the young emperor and his [...]
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The Analysis of Hellenistic Age

When talking of the Hellenistic Age, it refers to the time period of about 30 years between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of the Roman Empire under the leadership of Augustus [...]
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The Mandate of Heaven

Western countries have experienced such disasters in the past, and according to the mandate of heaven, this is a sign of unjust rule.
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Ancient History of Babylon and Mohenjo-Daro Cities

The importance of water for Babylonian infrastructure, thus, became leading, influencing the lives of peasants through the necessity of irrigation and the lives of city-dwellers through the integration of water canals into the city's infrastructure.
  • Pages: 4
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“The Fall of the Maya” by Dauna Coulter

The ruins of Tikal, the main Mayan city, in Guatemala shows the architecture and the scope of the ancient builders - even now it is difficult to create the city like this.
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  • Words: 1112

History of Athenian Democracy

There were three main bodies that governed the affairs of Athens and they were the assembly, the council and the courts all which were run by representatives of the people.
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Ethnic Minorities in Ancient Egypt

The main topic of the article is the study of the characteristics of various ethnic groups and social organizations in the Ancient Egyptian civilization.
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Contrasting Paleolithic and Neolithic Cultures

To be more particular, Egyptians used hieroglyphics as captions for their art to elaborate on the meaning and the idea of the piece; hence, they "complete and elaborate on the scenes".
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  • Words: 1228

Cultural Heritage of Oyo Empire in Africa

The brightest period of this ethnic group's development is the time of the Oyo Empire which impacted the Nigerian culture and today remains the largest and most influential state.
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History of Ancient Greek

It was the accuracy and correctness of the prediction that daunted astronomers for years to come. This event hailed a new set of astronomers who tried to figure out the means to predict such future [...]
  • 5
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  • Words: 300

The Middle Era of The Abbasid Empire

The victory of Abbasids over the Umayyads to claim the leadership of Muslims globally was accompanied by the move of the Empire's capital from Syria to Iraq.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2219

The Rise and Fall of Constantinople

Byzantine Constantinople was the capital of Christian Empire the successor of Greece and Rome, and it became the wealthiest and the largest city in the whole Europe.
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  • Words: 2373

Ancient Egypt vs. Ancient Greece

In this paper, the researcher seeks to investigate the extent to which Ancient Egypt became Greek and the extent to which it remained the same during and after the rule by Ancient Greece.
  • 5
  • Pages: 14
  • Words: 3860

Maya, Aztec and Inca Collapse

The Aztec and the Incas are examples of civilizations present in Southern America and form among the greatest civilization of the world at their time.
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Inventions of the Ancient Romans

The Romans built some of the most impressive buildings in the world, including the Pantheon and the Colosseum. Thus, the Romans were ahead of their time, and their legacy continues to shape modern engineering and [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 569

Diocletian vs Constantine I Reforms Comparison

Constantine had a new capital that gradually became the cultural and economic center of the Roman Empire. The contrast between the two rulers could be seen in their attitude and relation to the innovations.
  • 5
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History of Mesopotamia and Egypt

The central characteristics of the Egyptian state and religion were anchored on the monarchy. In a nutshell, the Egyptian myth demonstrated the wouldeath' of the older creation and the advent of the new creation.
  • Pages: 2
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Greek City-States – Ancient History

Using the case of the early Greek poleis, this paper shows that commercialisation and changing attitudes about leadership have changed the nature of states.
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The Roman Empire and Its Fall in 476 A.D.

The Byzantine Empire, which emerged in the East, claimed to be the legitimate successor of the Roman Empire, and its rulers continued to use the title of 'Emperor.' The Byzantine Empire maintained much of the [...]
  • Pages: 2
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The Parthenon: An Artifact Analysis

The temple was meant to accommodate the new gigantic sculpture of the goddess by Pheidias and to announce to the world that Athens had beaten the attacking Persian troops under Xerxes and Darius as the [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1187

The Great Pyramids of Giza: Formal Analysis

The artwork known as the Great Pyramids of Giza is one of the most prominent examples of global historical heritage. The artwork is represented by buildings in the form of pyramids, and the constructions' relationship [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 404

Multicultural Roman Empire History

Furthermore, the Romans were influenced by the Etruscans, a neighboring tribe to the northwest of Rome, who were allied with and then conquering the newly formed city-state.
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  • Words: 391

Ancient Egyptians’ Ethics of War

The initial religion of ancient Egypt was to realize the Gods in the form of birds and beasts. With the beginning of agriculture, the Egyptians became more dependent on nature, so they started to revere [...]
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1231

Black Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt

That was the home to the earliest culture of the black people in Africa. It is claimed in the article that the first rulers of Egypt were black.
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 853

The Role of Women in Ancient Egypt

Right to the property for married women and their right to private inheritance and inheritance of the community property belonging to the husband was an essential nature of the status of women in Ancient Egyptian [...]
  • 1
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2106

Greek Mythology, Religion, Philosophy, and History

The ancient religious stories of the Minoans and the Mycenaean were transmitted orally to the other parts of the Mediterranean region which later fused with the Greek traditions and religious practices.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1213

Science and Technology’ Development in Ancient Civilizations

These observations on Egyptian civilization assisted many in understanding the daunting challenges human beings experienced in terms of: the nature of human relationships; the nature of the universe; and the role of the divine forces [...]
  • Pages: 15
  • Words: 4174

The Epic of Gilgamesh by Sumerians

This paper creates a critical analysis of The Epic of Gilgamesh by specifically discussing Gilgamesh's place in society, the justification of his societal position and his rights and obligations.
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1101

The Kings of Ancient Egypt

They were empowered by a divine appointment and therefore it is for the best interest of everyone to sustiain the line of succession and preserve the kingdom. The origin of the people, the land mass [...]
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1661

The Achievements of Cyrus the Great

The earliest city built by the people of Persia was the Achaemenian and this is the city that was established and later used as the capital of the vast Persian Empire established by Cyrus.
  • 4.3
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1095

Comparisons of Early Greek and Early Roman Cultures

The early Greek and Roman cultures were passed down and still influence the modern way of life. Greek's colonization of the Mediterranean region was in the form of extension of the isolated city states.
  • 5
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 876

Kingship in the Ancient Near East

The Hebrews used a stunningly symmetrical image of Yahweh, the king in heaven, and David, the king on earth. Even when kings no longer have any relevance to modernity, the images of God as king [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 397

Greek and Roman Naming Systems

The remnants of the specified naming system can be found in the present-day context of most languages, with the first name and the last name being the key elements of the naming system as it [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 780

The Shipwrecked Sailor Papyrus Analysis

In the end, despite the bewitching story at the junction of mysticism and reality, the nobleman is still depressed and afraid of the court. The words of the Serpent once again confirm that the island [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 564

BBC Ancient Greece: The Greatest Show on Earth

The presenter of this video talks about the importance of theater culture to the people of ancient Athens. In the days of the ancient Greeks, the people of Athens learned the latest news from theatrical [...]
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 382

Pompeii Before the Eruption

People of Pompeii were very concerned about their city and its significance for them. There were several riots of Pompeian people against, first, Greeks, then Romans.
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 493

Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

With this insight into the fall of the Roman empire, we realize that there's still a cultural line between ancient Rome and the contemporary world.
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 396

The Description of the Tomb of the Augurs

The particularity of the Tomb of the Augurs is the fact that it is one of the first monuments in Tarquinia to have "figural decorations on all four walls of its main chamber".
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 669

Essential World History by Duiker & Spielvogel

One of the greatest legacies of Greek civilization is their contribution to the development of arts and sciences. Christianity and its pacifism are also said to have killed the militantism of the Romans.
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1854

Ubaid and Uruk: Emergence of Mesopotamian Cities

These characteristics of the environment, in turn, dictated the manner of city-state emergence and structure in Ubaid and Uruk. According to Mieroop, the emergence of the city-state in Mesopotamia was due to the diversity of [...]
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1269

Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead

It is a critical and ending part of the journey in the afterlife when the individual would arrive at the Hall of Maat and the purity of their soul is judged before entering the Kingdom [...]
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 483

Roman Colosseum in Ancient European History

The monument received the name Colosseum in the Middle Ages from the distorted Latin word "colosseum", while in Imperial Rome, it was called the Flavian amphitheater in honor of the imperial dynasty.
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2537

Cornelius Tacitus, a Roman Empire Historian

His works mainly reflect on the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Emperor Augustus in 14 AD to 70 AD, which was known as the Year of the Initial War between the [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 555

Ancient History: the Great Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is worth analyzing the place according to its appearance to the eyes of the millions of viewers who visit [...]
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 574
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