Accounting Essay Examples and Topics

The initial cost of investment for Sneaker 2013 can be calculated as: Tables 1 and 2 show total cash flows and discounted cash flows for Sneaker 2013 for 2013-2018.

In this regard, the suitability of the adopted cost allocation strategy is influenced by the nature of the products and the consistency of the production process.

Financial accounting and reporting, therefore, need to work under the supervision and standards set by accounting regulatory bodies, to provide credible accounting information and reports to their clients.

This paper focuses on analysing accounting purposes through the identification of various users in the societies, and the implications drawn from accounting needs and functions as this discipline serves the interested parties. Accounting helps in [...]

The Walt Disney Company employs break-even analysis to determine the point at which total revenues equal total costs; therefore, it assists in understanding the level of sales necessary to cover all expenses.

In 2015, the food giant Kraft Foods Group merged with fellow food processing company Heinz, forming the Kraft Heinz Company, which is now the fifth largest food and beverage company in the world by sales.

An example of such a model for a manufacturing company that combines the integrative approach of MFCA and BSC is shown in Table 1.

This has affected accounting as it has enabled easier provision of information to different groups of people through assortment of data to be handed to the financial accounting and management accounting.

Net income of the company increased significantly from $4,607 million in 2016 to $7,628 million in 2017. The historical income statements for the company can be found in Table 1 and Table 2.

The Website of the accounting software recommends a system configuration of "1 GHz Intel Pentium III for single user and 1.

Moreover, even though accounting is a theoretical subject with many rules and exceptions, the usage of needed laws to make the balance sheet and statement of income the most effective for the firm is a [...]

A brief background of Procter and Gamble The current staffing issues facing the accounts department at Procter and Gamble are very relevant in determining the strategies, structures and practices to be assumed in order to [...]

The rhythmic accounting rap song Debit Credit Theory by Colin Dodds is an excellent way to remember that debit's location is the left side of the account, and credit's location is the right one.

Therefore, job order costing in a production company involves allocating costs to inventory and after that cost of sales when the job is finished.

The two main theoretical approaches in accounting theory are the normative approach and the positive approach. The methodology used in research and development of normative approach depends entirely on standardised accounting principles to validate any [...]

The aim of this paper is to compare the audit fees of three companies: Walmart, Bank of America, and Aetna. The analysis of differences in audit fees paid by Walmart, Bank of America, and Aetna [...]

A company's revenue should be determined only when the reward and risks of ownership are transferred to the buyer, and the amount of consideration can be measured. The matching concept is a practice whereby expenses [...]

The income statement also known as profit and loss account is a financial statement that is used in reporting the operating performance of a business entity over an accounting period.

Rule based accounting on the other hand applies the rules that limit flexibility and judgment of the financial statements preparers. The judgments and interpretation of the financial statements are dictated by the rules and not [...]

A director needs to characterize the particular accounting needs of the organization or industry and select a framework that meets these necessities. The paper will summarize the accounting standards and compare the similarities and differences.

Top executives of Nortel Networks Corporation rather supplied cooked-up figures to the Board and the audit committee and based on the representation's made b the Nortel top management, they approved the quarterly results and the [...]

According to financial terms, goodwill is defined as the net difference between the actual value of the business as a whole, and the fair value of the inseparable net assets.

The difficulty in estimating a share price for Tesla is that, according to the forecasts, Tesla's debt/equity ratio is constantly falling, which means that the WACC would need to be adjusted for the periods with [...]

Apple’s most significant sources of cash from operating activities in 2016-2018 are net income, depreciation and amortization, and accounts payable.

It could be said that the main goal of this paper is to evaluate the financial performance of the company, and all values are in millions.

To understand the accounting costs that are associated with the production of beer, it will be important to understand the raw materials and other costs that are incurred in the processing departments.

Still, the information separated to the category of comprehensive income may be important as it includes losses from foreign currency translations, and gains or losses on investments.

One of the main reasons why the company's customized AIS failed in preventing fraud is because the system existed in such a way that entry of information into the data system regarding sales, purchases, and [...]

In addition, the users of the system do not have to worry about downloading the latest version of the software. Sage 50 Pro Accounting is the latest version of the software.

Companies decide on the nature of the information they need to include in their financial statement footnotes by adhering to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and International Financial Reporting Standards. The purpose of footnotes is to [...]

Walmart originally sold common stock to the public in 1970, and the company's stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on August 25, 1972, marking the company's debut on the stock market.

Revenue is recognized as soon as the service or product is supplied to the customer. To achieve revenue recognition goals, accounting professionals must take the following actions: make contact with a client, and recognize revenue [...]

The initial step will be to notify Walmart's management and the relevant departments about the audit and formally request the documents to be used in the process.

The cost identification of the carrying amount of land, plant, and equipment ceases to be recognized when the asset is in the state and condition required to function in the manner expected by the management.

On the debit of the passive balance sheet accounts, meaning the accounts of the registration of the enterprise sources, a decrease in the sources of funds is reflected.

This phase delineates all the activities related to the process of documenting all the available financial information and entering it into the database of the company1. The fourth stage of the accounting cycle is the [...]

Financial control is "the control of financial resources as they flow out or into the organization". An income statement is a financial document summarizing the actual performance of an organization within a specified period.

The financial reports of The GAP, H&M, and Inditex are expected to differ significantly in some components because The GAP follows the US GAAP while the others use the IFRS standard.

However, it should add that before developing a cost reduction strategy, it is necessary to establish a systematic accounting of expenses in all areas of the company and its divisions.

Effective planning is one of the key pillars of this process and focuses on essential areas of the audit such as ensuring that there is adequate allocation of resources to the auditing procedure.

Financial accounting refers to the type of accounting that deals with preparation of financial statements, using accounting techniques, for financial reporting.

In this regard, absorption costing does not differentiate between variable costs and fixed costs thus cannot be used in Cost Volume Profit analysis; on the other hand, variable costing which does differentiate between variable costs [...]

134%, indicating that the company's profitability is high and its equity returns profits well. The current ratio is a liquidity ratio between current assets and liabilities, showing a company's ability to pay its debts with [...]

As a result, accountants can now generate reports and analyses that provide a comprehensive picture of the present situation and are helpful for management operations thanks to the acceleration of accounting information.

Samsung is one of the largest organizations in the technology industry, linked to its philosophy of orientation concerning a wide array of electronic devices tailored to individual populations.

In addition, auditors are required to provide the credibility of the information regarding the firm's financial position, whether the firm complies with the stipulate financial accounting standards in reporting and its financial performance. This represents [...]

This paper discusses the importance of accounting, the main measurements considered in the preparation of the profit and loss account, and the limitations of the balance sheet inaccurately and comprehensively exhibiting the true financial position [...]

A client involvement in the therapy process will determine the therapy outcome in addition to quality of the treatment choice. For a counselor, it is crucial to approach this process with honesty and responsibility in [...]

That is why, it is important to focus on the most important skills necessary for realizing the internal control within the company in relation to financial issues and to determine the legal responsibility of forensic [...]

The paper aims to compare and contrast key differences in the presentation of financial data under the U.S. The report further examines the international factors that would affect the cost of the products made at [...]

The key difference between a contribution income statement and a traditional income statement is that the former focuses on the impact of changes on the profits, whereas the latter emphasizes the net profit.

In this situation, the reports may forecast the impact of financial choices and accounting in a corporation. A pro forma statement, on the one hand, may be utilized in the planning process and is an [...]

Accountants begin to record business transactions in the general journal and eventually post the entries in the respective accounts of the general ledger.

The associated theory is relevant in the application of the fair value model because it defines the value that a business generates for its shareholders.

Originally, statisticians resort to numerous tools which are often utilized for general business improvement and industrial problem solving.

The Texas State Board of Public Accountancy was formed with an aim of "protecting the public by ensuring that persons issued certificates as certified public accountants possess the necessary education, skills, and capabilities and that [...]

The revenue and collection cycle have inherent risk in sales and accounts receivables such as the time of recognizing revenue, the effect of abnormal sales terms, sales with significant returns and shipping of goods reported [...]

A review of the ratios shows that the earnings of the company can adequately cover the interest expense. The results show that the profitability is erratic and needs to be observed over a period of [...]

In 2010, the company had declined and recovered in 2012. However, in 2012, the company reported an increase in the value of the margin to 40%.

Due to fluctuations in economies, all organizations need to take into consideration concepts of the time value of money in any investment venture.

This analysis is expected to know how the company invests and manages its assets that would tell its financial stability prospects and the future.

As noted earlier, the signaling theory is suggestive of a positive association between board size and IPO underpricing based on the underlying assumption that the board size represents or "signals" a firm's quality to investors.

The first section of the paper provides the analysis of an appropriate form of business organization selected for Cookie Creations with reference to possible benefits and weaknesses, the discussion of the accounting information required for [...]

The cost of the services will depend on the amount of work that we are to accomplish and the level of expertise required.

The market concentration, the function of the number of firms, and their respective shares of the total production in the market, can also be judged and analysed for a better understanding of the company's overall [...]

Investors and stakeholders can utilise financial statement examination to assess the past and current financial operations of their business, analyse an existing money related issues, and gauge future patterns in the firm's budgetary position.

The Balanced Scorecard is a tool utilized in corporations for the purpose of compensating workers in a way that is beneficial for both the management and the workforce. Usually, achievement of the goals and objectives [...]

In order to better understand factors that influence the determination of external audit fees for Walgreens and CVS Health it is necessary to consider key characteristics of the companies.

The farming industry of the nature of John and Mary falls in this category however with such a management accounting system like the one portrayed, then the management is likely to be more easy and [...]

The accounting systems and practices in a country are determined by the political and economic system, the ownership patterns, legal and taxation system as well as the cultural values.

In a wellness program, the idea is to ensure that all the individual members of the team realize their goal of improving health and wellbeing.

The first part of the balance sheet that must be addressed for Meta is assets, which are represented by the company's capital. The worth of the organization's assets directly impacts the equity estimation on the [...]

To generally determine the ability of a company and its current assets to cover its current liabilities, it is necessary to calculate the liquidity ratio for the most current period.

The article draws attention to the problem of fraud in the accounting profession. The author refers to the issues and potential of Accounting Information Systems, particularly Blockchain technology, to detect and prevent fraud in corrupted [...]

The fundamental principle of sustainability includes aspects related to the environment, the economy, and society and is ingrained in the long-term preservation of lifestyle quality.

Depreciation, depletion, and amortization is the collective name for a group of methods used to progressively apply some costs to expenses over a protracted amount of time. Depletion refers to the physical decline of a [...]

The accounting and financial practices will allocate the required resources and support to the HR department. The HR department will also be required to promote the wellbeing of all workers, including those in the accounting [...]

The design connects the conceptual research challenge to relevant and doable empirical research. Interviews provided accurate and consistent data relevant to the research questions.

One of the critical issues with respect to revenue recognition is the timing of the appropriate point in a sales cycle when revenue should be recognized.

The first limitation is that ratio analysis overlooks the human aspect of a firm. A firm might have poorly performed in the previous financial year but it is currently above the industry average with its [...]

By implication, government institutions act in accordance with the approved guidelines when publishing government expenditures and financial statements. To understand the implication of effective budgetary control, we must highlight the importance of the government-wide statement.

Consequently, it is necessary to mention that the factor of reporting financial performance is one of the most crucial and significant after the fair value factor.

It is possible to say that Sam Walton relied on the principles and concepts of managerial accounting to improve the decision-making and planning in his company. Apart from, that Sam Walton used the principles of [...]

Thus, in making measurement decisions, standard-setters focus on applying the definitions of financial statement elements and the qualitative characteristics of accounting information in the context of the objective of financial reporting.

The objectives of the audit are to identify and describe the objectives of the audit engagement and services that will be provided to the client by the audit team and to define the responsibilities of [...]

It was these scandals as well as unethical accounting practices that prompted the United States government to enact laws that aim to curb the occurrence of such behavior in the future.

Socially, the company helps in the advancement of quality standards in the food industry, safety standards in the workplaces, improvement in retail technology, and aiding charities by direct donations.

The contribution margin is the amount of income after the fixed costs have been met. Caldwell and Welch describe CM as the amount of income that the company realizes less the fixed costs.

Financial accounting is a number of certain operations in any business or profitable organization that are intended to summarize, analyze, and report every transaction that is somehow related to the company's activity.

Ball argues that IFRS has an inherent advantage in the way it views the subject of quality in accounting. Conventional setters of accounting standards assessed quality in terms of the reliability and relevance of information [...]

The next stage of the audit consists of conducting extensive fieldwork and checking the internal controls of the audit. The fifth stage of the audit is the creation of a report that dwells on the [...]

The discussion describes the sales budget part of the master budget. Baby Cakes will need a budget to analyze the performance of the company and to become efficient in managing its expenditures by controlling waste [...]

The company officials will attend to them online and get all the relevant details in relation to the parcel and the customer.

In a bottom-up approach, financial forecasting and reviewing of the same as part of the budget management process is critical. The advantage of including managers in the budgeting process is that a good communication between [...]

The paper begins with a brief overview of the adoption of IFRS and the progress made so far in the adoption process.

1 Table 5 Notably, sales to total assets and that of net worth declines across the years. In the six year financial period of analysis, Bayer AG has been able to meet obligations and beyond.

The balance sheet for the Lemonade stand business is got from the data in the journal and the general ledger; and is a summary of the final figures for the account held by the Lemonade [...]

This implies that the resultant profit is on an accrual basis and does not denote the surplus money in an entity.

The expansion of the global interactions especially in terms of the global market is what led to the need for the enactment of international standards.

This paper is organized in different parts that are as follows; the introduction, framework and background, conceptual framework, value and limitations of the international financial reporting standards, financial reports of the given companies, and qualitative [...]

Accountability of FIFA would help in improving the management of football. This is due to the various complex factors that are involved in management of football.

This is due to the fact that management accounting is for decision making and thus it is used for planning the future of the organization while financial accounting is for the reporting of past operations [...]

The aforementioned fluctuations provide opportunities for the misrepresentation of the company's true financial position through the alteration of statements to suit specific geopolitical events and circumstances. There is a high degree of subjectivity in the [...]

The integration of big data and AI is one of the developing approaches in auditing. Although big data and AI are crucial trends in auditing, the use of big data is more concerning.

Another advantage of the Trial Balance is that it helps to provide a snapshot of the company's financial position at a particular time. In conclusion, the Trial Balance is a valuable tool for checking the [...]

In addition, accounting has become an integral part of almost any business, and therefore the widespread use of such methods leaves open the question of optimization and creation of a better approach, given the capabilities [...]

Nevertheless, the business is still lacking $ 76 508 to pass the break-even point when the investors consider the company as an investment in a profitable company.

The primary purpose of the classification of costs in the management accounting system is the systematization of information about the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of costs for information and analytical support for managing an economic [...]

The first undeniable connection between accounting and marketing lies in the financial terms of marketing. Moreover, according to Matsuoka, accounting and revenue accounting, in particular, contribute to the plan and control of marketing through the [...]

The Industrial Organization or IO perspective assumes that the industry is definitive regarding the opportunities for the businesses' economic profit since some industries are just more profitable than the others.

The telecommunications sector of the country has been rapidly developing in the past decades, and currently, it has two major operators: Etisalat and du.

In some cases, there are some organizations where employees have a culture of timely and perfect deliveries, and this becomes the culture of the organization. As seen in the health sector, the employees and the [...]

The following are some of the ways managers can use budgets to make decisions. The third way through which a budget is used by managers to make decisions is by motivating employees.

In 2003, the Securities and Exchange Commission accused U.S.healthcare giant HealthSouth Corporation and its CEO Richard Scrushy of inflating the company's earnings to the tune of $1.

However, it is important to note that even when both the debit and the credit sides of the trial balance are equal it does not mean that the trial balance is correct. To correct the [...]

The physical Measure of Output method allocates the joint costs based on the physical aspects of the products. Absorption Costing is one of the methods used to allocate joint costs in a manufacturing facility.

For purposes of accounting, revenue is only recognized in the books when the following incidents have occurred: The sale is of a quantity of goods that is known for certain, and the selling price is [...]

Despite the fact that the fair value method is a newer, supposedly better method than the traditional model and enjoys the backing of major international accounting trend setters, there are many critics who contend that [...]

The financial plan is the basic component of the business plan as it provides the feasibility of a project and enables the investors to make logical decisions regarding the acceptance and rejection of the project [...]

The cohesions of these notions of gaming entail the vigorous nature of the apprentice within the practice-grounded learning surroundings and the aim of negotiating by the means confronts and impediments offered in an attempt to [...]