Accounting Essay Examples and Topics

In this regard, the suitability of the adopted cost allocation strategy is influenced by the nature of the products and the consistency of the production process.

Financial accounting and reporting, therefore, need to work under the supervision and standards set by accounting regulatory bodies, to provide credible accounting information and reports to their clients.

The initial cost of investment for Sneaker 2013 can be calculated as: Tables 1 and 2 show total cash flows and discounted cash flows for Sneaker 2013 for 2013-2018.

This paper focuses on analysing accounting purposes through the identification of various users in the societies, and the implications drawn from accounting needs and functions as this discipline serves the interested parties. Accounting helps in [...]

The Walt Disney Company employs break-even analysis to determine the point at which total revenues equal total costs; therefore, it assists in understanding the level of sales necessary to cover all expenses.

Therefore, job order costing in a production company involves allocating costs to inventory and after that cost of sales when the job is finished.

One of the most common approaches for calculating the cost of equity is the dividend valuation model, also known as the dividend discount model. The current share price of Tesco PLC is 278.

Top executives of Nortel Networks Corporation rather supplied cooked-up figures to the Board and the audit committee and based on the representation's made b the Nortel top management, they approved the quarterly results and the [...]

The two main theoretical approaches in accounting theory are the normative approach and the positive approach. The methodology used in research and development of normative approach depends entirely on standardised accounting principles to validate any [...]

A brief background of Procter and Gamble The current staffing issues facing the accounts department at Procter and Gamble are very relevant in determining the strategies, structures and practices to be assumed in order to [...]

This has affected accounting as it has enabled easier provision of information to different groups of people through assortment of data to be handed to the financial accounting and management accounting.

134%, indicating that the company's profitability is high and its equity returns profits well. The current ratio is a liquidity ratio between current assets and liabilities, showing a company's ability to pay its debts with [...]

The Website of the accounting software recommends a system configuration of "1 GHz Intel Pentium III for single user and 1.

For instance, in government accounting the focus is on the flow of financial resources and not economic resources as the case is in other forms of accounting.

The objectives of the audit are to identify and describe the objectives of the audit engagement and services that will be provided to the client by the audit team and to define the responsibilities of [...]

The key difference between a contribution income statement and a traditional income statement is that the former focuses on the impact of changes on the profits, whereas the latter emphasizes the net profit.

The aim of this paper is to compare the audit fees of three companies: Walmart, Bank of America, and Aetna. The analysis of differences in audit fees paid by Walmart, Bank of America, and Aetna [...]

The world of accounting and finance is very interesting from different perspectives: first, accounting and finance help to develop new services and improve people's living conditions; second, these two concepts are the major needs for [...]

At the beginning of the financial year, the interest rate was low but shifted seamlessly because of the Federal Reserve policy.

Still, the information separated to the category of comprehensive income may be important as it includes losses from foreign currency translations, and gains or losses on investments.

Another advantage of the Trial Balance is that it helps to provide a snapshot of the company's financial position at a particular time. In conclusion, the Trial Balance is a valuable tool for checking the [...]

Samsung is one of the largest organizations in the technology industry, linked to its philosophy of orientation concerning a wide array of electronic devices tailored to individual populations.

As the level of output increases the variable costs are incurred this means that the total costs also increase at the same rate. The variable costs are the costs that vary directly with the level [...]

Net income of the company increased significantly from $4,607 million in 2016 to $7,628 million in 2017. The historical income statements for the company can be found in Table 1 and Table 2.

Financial accounting is a number of certain operations in any business or profitable organization that are intended to summarize, analyze, and report every transaction that is somehow related to the company's activity.

The graphical representation of the sales cycle assisted the auditor in analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the company's control activities.

The accounting systems and practices in a country are determined by the political and economic system, the ownership patterns, legal and taxation system as well as the cultural values.

The ticker sign is an abbreviation using letters acquired from the business's actual name and identifies Apple's specific bond or stock on a stock exchange and other financial platforms.

One of the critical issues with respect to revenue recognition is the timing of the appropriate point in a sales cycle when revenue should be recognized.

Forward contracts are used when a company wants to set the price for the contract related to the future date. The obvious advantages are in reducing the risk exposure, fixing the rates for the future, [...]

The physical Measure of Output method allocates the joint costs based on the physical aspects of the products. Absorption Costing is one of the methods used to allocate joint costs in a manufacturing facility.

To understand the accounting costs that are associated with the production of beer, it will be important to understand the raw materials and other costs that are incurred in the processing departments.

Financial accounting refers to the type of accounting that deals with preparation of financial statements, using accounting techniques, for financial reporting.

One of the surprises in the financial analysis field that Tamura met is the lack of additional training by the company.

By recording prepaid rent as an asset, a company can accurately reflect the amount of rent that it has paid in advance and the remaining rent that is available to use in the future.

It is possible to say that Sam Walton relied on the principles and concepts of managerial accounting to improve the decision-making and planning in his company. Apart from, that Sam Walton used the principles of [...]

Rule based accounting on the other hand applies the rules that limit flexibility and judgment of the financial statements preparers. The judgments and interpretation of the financial statements are dictated by the rules and not [...]

Based on the review of the company's financial statements and relevant sections of the annual report, four key audit risk areas have been identified and discussed in this report by using the integrated reporting concept.

The reality created in accounting is thus subjective and a product of the accountants' interpretation of different situations. Therefore, the accounting philosophy continues to evolve, and creating any form of reality in this field will [...]

In this regard, absorption costing does not differentiate between variable costs and fixed costs thus cannot be used in Cost Volume Profit analysis; on the other hand, variable costing which does differentiate between variable costs [...]

To analyze the changes in the company's major accounts, a horizontal analysis of Amazon's balance sheets and income statements for the years 2020-2022 is conducted.

To begin the analysis, it is necessary to determine the importance of accounting reports for the company and the impact of their results.

The primary purpose of the classification of costs in the management accounting system is the systematization of information about the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of costs for information and analytical support for managing an economic [...]

According to financial terms, goodwill is defined as the net difference between the actual value of the business as a whole, and the fair value of the inseparable net assets.

Research is important to help determine the implication of changes in the legal environment in Accounting and Financial Management. The fourth reason for research in Accounting and Financial Management is a fraud.

She is considering confronting the sales representatives that seem to be creating the fraudulent sales, the sales manager of the Dayton region, the VP of sales, her boss, or a friend of hers on the [...]

Lastly, capital profits and losses on investment and other assets must be shown in the 'unrestricted' group unless specific contributor limitations allow it to be recorded in one of the two restricted groups. The impact [...]

The Florida State Department of Revenue has the responsibility of administering revenue laws of the state to its citizens as well as the laws that are related to the inspection of the books of accounts [...]

Therefore, there should be a disclosure in the financial statements that the going concern position of the company is in doubt.

A director needs to characterize the particular accounting needs of the organization or industry and select a framework that meets these necessities. The paper will summarize the accounting standards and compare the similarities and differences.

A company's revenue should be determined only when the reward and risks of ownership are transferred to the buyer, and the amount of consideration can be measured. The matching concept is a practice whereby expenses [...]

Therefore, it is evident that the output of the hospital is diverse and calls for the use of a job order costing system.

Investors and stakeholders can utilise financial statement examination to assess the past and current financial operations of their business, analyse an existing money related issues, and gauge future patterns in the firm's budgetary position.

As a rule, the area of financial accounting is restricted to the creation and further analysis of the company's financial statements.

The income statement also known as profit and loss account is a financial statement that is used in reporting the operating performance of a business entity over an accounting period.

Since the profession entails a process of discovering, appraising, and stating of economic information to allow knowledgeable verdict and determination by those who apply the information, it is important to be aware of the vices [...]

In response to the understatement of the sales returns, the external auditors should recommend an adjustment to the sales return figures from the erroneous 2.

Revenue is recognized as soon as the service or product is supplied to the customer. To achieve revenue recognition goals, accounting professionals must take the following actions: make contact with a client, and recognize revenue [...]

Several factors can influence how a company builds its capital structure, such as the company's stage of growth, the industry it operates in, its cash flow, and its risk profile.

Companies decide on the nature of the information they need to include in their financial statement footnotes by adhering to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and International Financial Reporting Standards. The purpose of footnotes is to [...]

The design connects the conceptual research challenge to relevant and doable empirical research. Interviews provided accurate and consistent data relevant to the research questions.

The primary trend in the policymaking of the EU in the decade before 2007 was to encourage transparency of companies' performance for investors.

The cycle is made up of the following steps: Recording of source documents Making of the various journal entries Preparation of ledger accounts Preparation of the trial balance Preparation of the financial statements An adjusted [...]

Apple’s most significant sources of cash from operating activities in 2016-2018 are net income, depreciation and amortization, and accounts payable.

By implication, government institutions act in accordance with the approved guidelines when publishing government expenditures and financial statements. To understand the implication of effective budgetary control, we must highlight the importance of the government-wide statement.

In some cases, there are some organizations where employees have a culture of timely and perfect deliveries, and this becomes the culture of the organization. As seen in the health sector, the employees and the [...]

The management of Overstock.com disclosed the latest financial report claiming that compared to the financial year 2008 first quarter reported loss of $4.

Preparation of the income statement of Smith Company first requires the calculation of the company's operating expenses and the retained earnings at the start of the trading period ended December 31st, 2012.

The subject matter of recognition, measurement and reporting of intangibles has been reviewed in accordance with newly inserted accounting standard AASB 138, which is parallel to International accounting standard 38.

As noted earlier, the signaling theory is suggestive of a positive association between board size and IPO underpricing based on the underlying assumption that the board size represents or "signals" a firm's quality to investors.

The critical element of the analysis is to assess which of the two models is beneficial for the buyer. The contribution margin of the hybrid car relative to the traditional vehicle is calculated by subtracting [...]

Analysis of the manufacturing costs of the product will act as a guide for setting the price. The journal entries below are for the cost of manufacturing a single combine harvester.

The market concentration, the function of the number of firms, and their respective shares of the total production in the market, can also be judged and analysed for a better understanding of the company's overall [...]

To reflect the true balances at the end of every financial year of the business, it crucial for the journal entries to be adjusted accordingly since the balances are utilized in drawing other financial statements [...]

The contribution margin is the amount of income after the fixed costs have been met. Caldwell and Welch describe CM as the amount of income that the company realizes less the fixed costs.

To establish a foundation for discussion, the historical cost concept implies that the companies have to state in their balance sheets the monetary value of the asset at the moment of purchase or acquisition.

In order to make big data and analytics a part of the auditing process, it is necessary to indicate what type of audit evidence is derived with their help.

The company officials will attend to them online and get all the relevant details in relation to the parcel and the customer.

In addition, the users of the system do not have to worry about downloading the latest version of the software. Sage 50 Pro Accounting is the latest version of the software.

The paper begins with a brief overview of the adoption of IFRS and the progress made so far in the adoption process.

1 Table 5 Notably, sales to total assets and that of net worth declines across the years. In the six year financial period of analysis, Bayer AG has been able to meet obligations and beyond.

The balance sheet for the Lemonade stand business is got from the data in the journal and the general ledger; and is a summary of the final figures for the account held by the Lemonade [...]

This is due to the fact that management accounting is for decision making and thus it is used for planning the future of the organization while financial accounting is for the reporting of past operations [...]

The difficulty in estimating a share price for Tesla is that, according to the forecasts, Tesla's debt/equity ratio is constantly falling, which means that the WACC would need to be adjusted for the periods with [...]

Accountants begin to record business transactions in the general journal and eventually post the entries in the respective accounts of the general ledger.

Moreover, even though accounting is a theoretical subject with many rules and exceptions, the usage of needed laws to make the balance sheet and statement of income the most effective for the firm is a [...]

At the start of the planning process of a budget, the management accountant must be aware of the available income of the organisation and its sources.

The use of paper has created modern business bureaucracy, but paper is also an important instrument for critical business agreements.

The rapid growth of these companies has been propelled by the massive population in the country and the rapid growth of the economy.

According to the interviewee, the monotonous and cyclical nature of the job can be extremely stressful.Ms. She further stated that with a CPA certificate, one could work in the public and private sectors.

For the case of king, he deliberately took the appointment without putting in place any precautions to ensure that the conflict of interest is reduced to the minimum.

They also have responsibilities of reviewing and evaluating the effectiveness of a company in terms of adhering to the policies of the government.

However, the auditor can eliminate the anomaly by changing the system error and re-validating the audit test. The features of the substantive test include Analytical procedures, Test of controls, and Test of details.

When the client of the company showed intention to purchase from the company, the bookkeeper recorded the transaction as a sale and indicated that some of the stock had left the company.

The financial plan is the basic component of the business plan as it provides the feasibility of a project and enables the investors to make logical decisions regarding the acceptance and rejection of the project [...]

The lower the cost of producing a product relative to the price customers pays for it, the greater the quantity of a product the company is willing to supply.

The first section of the paper provides the analysis of an appropriate form of business organization selected for Cookie Creations with reference to possible benefits and weaknesses, the discussion of the accounting information required for [...]

Net profit margin is a financial metric that shows "the ratio of net profits to revenues for a company". In 2016, the company's current ratio was equal to that of the previous year 0.59.

I am anxious to combine the knowledge and aptitude of these skills with a master's degree in accounting. I want to acquire professional skills and abilities that would enable me to contribute to the economic [...]

The study reviews the relevance of the ABC system in companies and the need for managers in enterprises to adopt it in their operations.

However, to create a sustainable method of arranging and using the corporate resources, one must not only be able to identify the essential components of the accounting equation but also study the unique characteristics of [...]

Ball argues that IFRS has an inherent advantage in the way it views the subject of quality in accounting. Conventional setters of accounting standards assessed quality in terms of the reliability and relevance of information [...]

The purpose of the research proposal is to outline a research project that will assess the prevalence of managerial accounting tools and methods used in the UAE telecommunications sector in order to determine the preferred [...]

The farming industry of the nature of John and Mary falls in this category however with such a management accounting system like the one portrayed, then the management is likely to be more easy and [...]

Financial control is "the control of financial resources as they flow out or into the organization". An income statement is a financial document summarizing the actual performance of an organization within a specified period.

In reference to Crowther, social accounting can be defined as "an approach to reporting a firm's activities which stresses the need for the identification of socially relevant behavior, the determination of those whom the company [...]

According to the stakeholder's theory, the issue of ethics and morality are important in making sure that the managerial decisions of the organization do not negatively affect the stakeholders. However, the illegitimacy of the decision [...]

The new non-GAAP accounting practice that Apple followed required the company to account for all the revenue and cost associated with the production of iPhone and Apple TVs after the products are sold.

When the gross profit margin of a company remains high, it is a sign that the company is efficient and that its pricing strategy is ideal in the competitive market.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a shift to remote auditing, and although it has its benefits, firms must take certain steps to ensure that the process is successful and efficient.

According to the annual report 2009, the company used straight-line depreciation of PP&E based on the estimated useful life of an asset.

The company's consolidation of Variable Interest Entities and the impact on its financial statements are highlighted in Disney's annual report for 2022. Disney's financial statements are significantly impacted by the consolidation of VIE.

On the other hand, the calculation of the process cost, or process method, calculates the average price of each element at a particular stage of production.

Depending on the exact circumstances, an S company shareholder who has suspended losses owing to the tax basis or at-risk amount limits may be permitted to deduct the losses if the S corporation status is [...]

A contingent liability is a responsibility or prospective loss that may occur in the future based on the result of a specific occurrence. It should also be noted that gains and losses are to be [...]

9% and the efficiency of the thermal energy output is 60.9%. 9% of the energy input is converted into electricity output, and 60.

In 2021, ExxonMobil had a current ratio of 1. In 2021, ExxonMobil had a D/E ratio of 0.

The quick ratio, calculated by dividing a company's cash and equivalents by its current liabilities, signals whether a business has enough liquid assets to cover its short-term debts.

The cash flow statement would detail H&M's incoming and outgoing cash, allowing management to evaluate the company's capacity to produce cash by examining changes over time. One key aspect of financial statement analysis is using [...]

The report also presents a comparative performance analysis between Lloyds Banking Group and HSBC Holdings over the past two years. The company is also the largest retail, commercial banking, and financial services organization in the [...]