Sociology Essay Examples and Topics. Page 32

5,540 samples

Social Perceptions and Gender Representation

In order to be able to analyze the above-mentioned problems, it is necessary to refer to the following resources that trigger the audience's thoughts on the function and role of representation in popular culture: "Never [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1218

Jobs and the American Economy: The Issue of Immigration

The issues of immigration to the USA, either legal or illegal are of great significance for the US government. Since the 1990s, lots of academic researches have tried to charge the extent to which immigration [...]
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2605

Organ Donation: Ethical Dilemmas

An example of an ethical dilemma surrounding the procedure is the case of rich man vs.poor man, or rather, the case of a person who can afford to buy an organ on the black market [...]
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 875

The Sex Tourism Issue Review

Hospitality management is a discipline that dials with the study of management of hotels, travel and tourism as a business enterprise in order to minimize the expenses and maximize the profit within the hospitality industry.
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3177

Indonesian Transmigration Program

The transmigration program was a plan that was initiated by the Government of Indonesia to move the human resource and population from the dense regions to the less dense regions.
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1837

Behavioral Change Process Review

It is the role of the social worker to try and understand the patients readiness to change since if the patient in this case is ready and willing to change the behavior, then this is [...]
  • Subjects: Socialization
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2045

Persuasive Techniques and Rhetorical Proofs in Articles

However, only a profound analysis of the article can throw light on whether the article has credibility or ethical appeal, which is the kind of appeal that the article arouses in the emotions of the [...]
  • Subjects: Rhetoric
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2054

Marx, Weber, Durkheim Respond to “Gattaca” Film

We will start modeling the sociologists' response to a probable variant of future society with an analysis of the views on society and class and the way they are applicable to the situation presented in [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1787

Feminism – Women and Work in the Middle East

The history of feminism consists of different movements and theories for the rights of women. The first wave of this phenomenon began in the 19th century and saw the end only in the early 20th [...]
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1373

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights should be analyzed within the context of the political, cultural, and religious situation, emerging in the middle of the twentieth century.
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 864

Ethical Practices in the Workplace

The employer of this manufacturing company that Julie works for as well as others in the administration should be accountable on an individual level for implementation of the programs of the affirmative action that will [...]
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 593

Different Tastes of Humor

Humor is a part of life, and if we try to ignore it because of too many activities, or of little things that we tend to magnify in spite of their irrelevance in our lives, [...]
  • Subjects: Everyday Interactions
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1438

Family Centered Services Definition

This falls in with the overall goal of any family centered service of improving the family unit for the well-being of the children.
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 607

Double Binds in Human Communication

A double bind can be said to be a communication dilemma received by a person or a group of persons, whereby the message conceived seems to have more than one message which is conflicting and [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 606

The Pitfalls of Online Dating

These include the very real potential for deceit, interpersonal elements of physical attraction are absent in the online world and the time involved in interfacing with the computer reduces the ability of the individual to [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 600

Explaining Social Media and Its Influences

The influence of social media has grown exponentially over the past couple of decades, becoming an integral part of every person’s life.
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 316

Misconceptions About the Evolutionary Theory

For e.g.the misconception of the complex organs, the misconception of people coming from apes/monkeys etc, the misconception of the fact that evolution violates the second law of thermodynamics, misconception of survival of the fittest.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1358

Moral Clients & Agents and Their Evaluation

The necessary condition for being a proper client therefore, is being a creature or an individual conscious mind since to have true interest in his case is to be capable of having states of awareness [...]
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1931

Corporatism: Sport Sector Opportunities and Benefits

To go forward to a new era with new structures and increasing public finance, or stand off and continue to walk the same road of those who gave sport to the world, reflected in the [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2953

The Need for Developing Writing Skills

On the other hand, if a person with poor writing skills writes a message, the person who receives the message will find it difficult to comprehend the meaning, or misinterpret it, or may lose interest [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 928

Self-Renewal & Globalization

This is normally a developmental process in the life of that particular individual in the sense that he/she is out to look for what is good for himself or herself.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2034

Gender Differences by Television

According to Durkin, K, female especially between the age group 8 and 12 give more attention to the male characters than the female one, while boys are not ideally influenced by the sex of the [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 600

America: The Hands That Helped To Build Her

These reasons are varied and as we expounded before many people can migrate as a result of their own will or due to the reason that they have been forced to migrate.
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 19
  • Words: 5200

Feminist Ideas in Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein”

One of these issues and the subject of this paper is the theme of feminism in Shelley's novel. It is time to separate unchangeable morals from local manners".- Mary Wollstonecraft in A Vindication of the [...]
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1276

The Ethical Concern Over Meat Consumption

The question, then, is whether our enjoyment of the way meat tastes is a good enough reason to justify the amount of suffering that the animals are made to undergo.
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 3433

Class, Race, and Gender Relations Review

The prevalence of poor and underprivileged people, people of immigrants, and gender along with increasing concern about class and race, situate the overall work of the field in an interlocking system of oppression and power.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2109

Images of Beauty: Male and Female

But the reality is that without the help of dozens of beauty and fashion team members, not to mention computer image manipulation, those men and women whom so many of today's youth idolize, will never [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 571

Immigrant Voices: New Lives in America

Most of the legislation that occurred after World War II was meant to harmonize the number of immigrants from each country.
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 13
  • Words: 3581

Ethics: Definition of Term and Analysis

Ethics acknowledges people's interests, their freedom, rights to life and it also protects the law in that people should not violate it.
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 1016

How to Understand Others: Discussion

As far as the allegory of the cave is concerned, we can suppose that there is a mutual interdependence: the more successfully the prisoners coexist, the better understanding of each other appears, and, vice versa, [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1223

Living in Chicago and Miami

Both cities are nice in spring and fall, but Miami is really hot in summer and Chicago is really cold in winter.
  • Subjects: Socialization
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 608

Sociology of Film “Planet of the Apes”

If we were to treat animals as equal, it would contradict the laws of nature, for which we would eventually be required to pay heavy price, as it is actually being shown in the movie.
  • Subjects: Animal Rights
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 318

Adventure Training and Social Group Work

Social group work is built upon the principles of social justice and human rights, Social group work lights on the multiple and the intricate transactions that occur between the people and the environment.
  • Subjects: Socialization
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2570

Black Feminism: A Revolutionary Practice

The Black Feminist Movement was organized in an endeavor to meet the requirements of black women who were racially browbeaten in the Women's Movement and sexually exploited during the Black Liberation Movement.
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 665

Summary of “Smokers Get a Raw Deal” by Stanley Scott

Lafayette explains that people who make laws and influence other people to exercise these laws are obviously at the top of the ladder and should be able to understand the difference between the harm sugar [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 807

Women’s Role in Islam

The governments of these countries have made great progress in the education of girls, the basis for any advance of women, increasing on all levels the facilities for an enrollment of girls and women in [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1131

Positive Changes That Feminism Brought to America

And when, in 1919, the American Constitution was amended such that the women in all the States were given the right to vote, it was then that the first period of feminism officially ended, their [...]
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1684

War on Terror & Violation of Constitutional Rights

In the discussion about the full rights of the president, it is observed that the Supreme Court in the U. The result was that, Foreign Intelligence and Surveillance Act whose work is to be certain [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1643

Sociology. Simon Wiesenthal, Nazi Hunter’s Ethics

In view of Wiesenthal being a Jew, the dying man begged for his forgiveness, but Wiesenthal, after hearing all that the soldier had to say, kept quiet and walked out of the room after the [...]
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 785

The Male Bashing Stereotype: Formal Critique

All of the mistakes and lack of social molding that they show women during their youth are not the stuff that dictates the kind of men they will be in the future.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 902

Gendered Game Design Analysis

These features are related to all aspects of games, including the thematic content and focus, as well the kinds of strategies and computer-playing skills demanded of the players; one particularly important feature appears to be [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2115

Pierre et Gilles: Gender and Sexual Orientation

As far as this paper focuses on the tracing of the impact that the so-called "queer" art has on public perception of everything queer, the major subjects of this paper are pieces of art that [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 1994

State and Its Role Within Society

Thus, the state is considered to be a political structure which is thoroughly organized and fulfills the tasks of the complex societies connected with the increase of the geographic size and population, resolution of some [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 818

Feminist Approach: Virginia Woolf

In "A room of ones own" Virginia Woolf speaks about the problems of women, gender roles, and the low social position of women writers in society.
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 495

Human Dignity: Term Definition

As constitution is the supreme law of the country that's why the provision like human dignity should be included to it.
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 633

Western Feminist Critics and Cultural Imperialism

To be able to fulfill the above-provided task, it would be necessary to discuss and analyze the issues of race, gender, sexuality, the oppression of multiculturalism, cultural relativism, the attitude of the feminists toward the [...]
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1939

Egoism: Ethical and Psychological Egoism

In ethics, egoism is a theory that states that the end and motive of conduct is the promotion of one's own interest and not the interest of others.
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 819

Shawshank Redemption: Moral Principles in the Movie

The matters of Egoism are revealed in the movie in lots of episodes, if not throughout the whole movie, as the circumstances of a state jail presupposes, that people end up to be humans, and [...]
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1322

Islamic Thought: Women in Islamic Perspective

Non-equality of rights exists, but feminism is not the solution, for in its simplest form feminism is even destructive for the status of women and the idea is contrary to the natural human values of [...]
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1571

Giving Behavior in Students of Various Fields of Study

The aim of study is to investigate and understand students donating behavior in relation to their field of study. It will also assist students in various categories embrace the idea of time donating to charity [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 19
  • Words: 4859

Animal Rights: Definition, Goals, the Future

The objectives and goals of the animal rights advocators and what they believe in has gained popularity in the United States of America and people are now aggressively prohibiting the various cruelty that some people [...]
  • Subjects: Animal Rights
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1300

Gender Differences in Verbal Communication

Zimmerman and West found that men overlap women more than women overlap men and concluded that overlaps are similar to interruptions as a means of asserting dominance.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1270

School Bus Drivers & Cars on the Road

The other drivers of the road also become aware of the presence of a school bus on road and that consciousness makes them aware of the reason to drive safely.
  • Subjects: Rhetoric
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 621

Women’s Movement Since 1866 Analysis

The Women's Movement, also called the Feminist Movement and the Women's Liberation Movement, includes a series of efforts by women in the world to fight for restoration of gender equality.
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2145

Socialization and Identity Analysis

Social self therefore we can say is the one that makes or helps the individual to identify themselves and act accordingly.
  • Subjects: Socialization
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1205

Phillis Wheatley: Rhetoric Theory in Retrospective

The term African American engages the issues closely associated with the writings of the Americans and their place in the literary context: What role they have in the literature and what importance they exert in [...]
  • Subjects: Rhetoric
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2330

Women Study: Immigration and Mothering

One of the most essential areas of such studies is immigration in relation to gender and specifically mothering."Immigration and Mothering; Case Studies from Two Generations of Korean Immigrant Women" by Seungsook Moon is an attempt [...]
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1047

The Socialization of the Caregivers

Therefore, it would be relevant to speak on the issue of the influence of the caregivers' socialization on the improvement of the socialization skills and their impact on patients' health.
  • Subjects: Socialization
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 598

Asian Americans in the United States

Despite these achievements, they are still facing various forms of "discrimination" and "stereotyping"."Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians are ethnic stereotypes that are found in many Western societies.
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 930

Origins and Worldview in Renaissance and Enlightenment

The culture of Renaissance and Enlightenment of Rhetoric study contributed to the nature of the official papers of the USA. The reason is the difference among people as to their opinions in the positions of [...]
  • Subjects: Rhetoric
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1716

Plunkett’s Concept of “Communication”

In the online article, "Barriers and Gateways to Communication", this is exactly what Carl Rogers is trying to say when he says that a listener must restate what he has just heard to the proper [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1626

FAWN in Minnesota: An Example of Community Social Organization

Batica is the founder of a social organization in Minnesota known as the Filipino-American Women's Network. The organization also seeks to promote the Filipino culture amongst the younger generation of Filipino women in the Minnesota [...]
  • Subjects: Socialization
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 758

Clash of Civilizations in the World Today.

Huntington proposed the theory that people's cultural and religious identities will become the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world formulated in 1993 in the Foreign Affairs article "The Clash of Civilizations" as [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1167

International Gender Politics: Women in Global South

Even though with many advancements in women studies and with the efforts of the human rights activist, women are now able to get recognized in the social, economic, and political circle of the world, however [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1906

Gender Politics: Military Sexual Slavery

In this essay, it will be shown that military power and sexual slavery are interconnected, how the human rights of women are violated by the military, and how gender is related to a war crime.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2003

Interpersonal Deception Theory

To separate interpersonal relationship from other forms, we must observe the number of people involved, their physical closeness to one another, use of sensory channels in the process of communication, and the feedback resulting from [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2170

Lesbianism in the Society

These types of marriages have been highlighted so much by the media to the extent of the society accepting the issue of men and gayism as a normal occurrence in the society.
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 918

Marriage and Family: Women as Love Experts and Victims

As evidenced in the case of Roberta, it is essential for women to continually reiterate emotions of love at regular intervals, in the absence of which she begins to lose faith in the very basics [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 801

Wendy McElroy: A Feminist Defense of Men’s Rights

The author sees the recent violation of men's rights in the excessive spread of gender feminism, which appeared in the 1960s and touched primarily the family aspects of woman's life, in particular, the right to [...]
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1180

An Emerging Female System in a White Male Society

She attributes this curious scenario to the link she calls the white male system.- a phenomenon that, according to her, controls all that we are- physically, economically, socially, physically, and even psychologically.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1460

The May 1968 Movement in France

Communism was also very much alive in France and this had given rise to small leftist groups that diluted the degree of solidarity in the political movement and led to a disintegration of major political [...]
  • Subjects: Social Movements
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 897

Is Reality Really Socially Constructed?

A thorough grounding in such theory helps the researcher and other students of social phenomenon in coming to a much clearer understanding of the phenomenon itself and helps form a rounded view that is free [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 15
  • Words: 4266

The Theory of Semiotics: Semiotics and Medicine

It can also be said to be the study of how meaning is constructed and understood. Semiotics can be grouped into three; Semantic; the relationship between signs and the things they refer to.
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 1389

Code of Ethics and Guidelines

Attitudes are an important component when it comes to practice with gay men and lesbians, and still, attention should also be given to external social and economic factors that influence and shape the personality of [...]
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1755

Illegal Immigration: Difference in Covering the Matter

The aim of the paper is to discover the difference in covering the matter of illegal migration to Canary Islands from sub-Saharan including periodical issues, radio broadcasts, and a photo, in order not only to [...]
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1168

Future of Modernization in the United States

A society that goes through the processes of urbanization, industrialization and any social change is completely transformed and transforms the lives of the people.
  • Subjects: Socialization
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 862

Critical Listening: Interpersonal Communication

Critical listening is a type of communication process that involves analysis and judgment of the remarks with the goal to get a complete understanding of the point.
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1285

The Role of Communities in People’s Life

First of all, it is necessary to mention, that the amount of the definition of the word community several times overcomes the amount of the known dictionaries, as there are usually several definitions in each [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 729

Migrant Acculturation and Adaptation

The study of acculturation is a very interesting affair; it is about considering ethics identity, the actual extent of acculturation, and changes due to time. Secondly, one is also faced with the problem of struggling [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 18
  • Words: 4893

Unique Qualities in the Gender Differences

This does not necessarily make the claims of the feminists wrong, but to ignore the fact that there are differences between the genders negates the special qualities that make individuals different and glosses over some [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 609

Experiences of Ethnic and Cultural Minorities in America

As the United States is a media mogul having overwhelming ownership of and control over media, a rosy picture is usually painted of the lifestyles and the standards of living of the ethnic and cultural [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 1253

The Nature of Contemporary Communication Theory

It is evident from the classification and application of the definitions that in the first category the concept of the process of communication is from the point of vie of the transmitter of stimuli, and [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2217

Reconciliation Is Possible: Focus on South Africa

The South African Government of National Unity set up a Truth and Reconciliation Commission to help deal with the human rights abuses and violence that happened during the apartheid regime, especially from 1st march 1960; [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1235

Protest, Compliance, Institution, and Individual in Society

Various protests are regarded in literature, cinematography, or simply in everyday news, and the aim of this essay is to regard some of the sources and to sum up the main heroes' experience in protesting [...]
  • Subjects: Social Movements
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 822

Habermas’s Theory of Democracy

His views are widely regarded as crucial in such issues as economic and social development, the role of the responsible intellectual, the issues of the Holocaust, the roots of authoritarian power, and the prospects for [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2010

Illegal Immigrants to Demonstrate or Strike

Business ethics raises the question of how these processes affect the behavior of individuals and the values of society and concerns important ethical questions about the role of staff in the management process and the [...]
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1720

Conceptualizations of the Family

Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that a family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the state.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1112

Death-Denying Culture Among Patients

The author has argued that society has become a death-denying society where prolonging life becomes a test of the machines and technology that is bent on prolonging death.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 712

Refugees as a Tactic in War: History, Types, and Number

A refugee is defined as a person who due to a justifiable reason of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a certain social or a political group is out of the [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1342

The Conference “Women as Global Leaders”

Frankly speaking, I presume, that women are not able to place the positions of the leaders totally, and they would still need the help of men in ruling the world, but I expect to get [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Identity
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 513

Importance of Legalizing of Abortions

Three of the most common reasons why women choose abortion is that they do not have the financial resources to raise a child, the others feel that they are not ready to have a child, [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 583

Necessity of Immigration Reform in America

Basically, immigration reform pertains to policies and programs that aim to improve the development of the quality of life that will aid in the adjustments of the immigrants.
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 600

Over Crowding in Miami Dade County Schools, Florida

At present Miami Dade schools are facing the problem of over crowded class rooms due to the immigrant population. In majority of the schools closets have also been used to accommodate the increasing population of [...]
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1078

Being Gay in Canada: Faced Problems and Difficulties

It has encouraged immigration of Canada from all corners of the world and the homosexuals are making plans to move to this part of the globe to secure their rights and enjoy their life in [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1685

Different Aspects of Gender Identity

Psychologist began the work of studying gender identity in the late 1950s when they established the first gender research project and developed a lot of theories of gender identify.
  • Subjects: Gender Identity
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 826

Saving Someone’s Life Discussion

Later on, the term hero and heroine were coined to refer to male and female characters that have shown or show the will of self-sacrifice and display courage in the face of adversity, danger or [...]
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 534

Ethics in Technology for the Information Age

It means that each person should regard themselves as part of the organization as a whole and aim to form a clear and realistic picture of the roles they play in their companies.
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1208

How Instant Messages Have Changed Communication

One of the characteristics of IM is that messages are logged on to a local message history that reduces the insistent quality of emails and enables the speedy exchange of information such as URLs or [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 820