Accounting Essay Examples and Topics. Page 3

In this review, the authors establish that the various study findings evaluated have pointed out that the direct approach in cash flow information as being significant in cash flows.

The article Management Accounting Practices and the Role of Management Accountants by Christina Wiwik Sunarni explores management accounting practices and the roles of management accountants in organizations.

It was astonishing that the firm's founder gave evidence of committing the crime in a letter that he wrote to the board of directors.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was passed by Congress after the devastating effects of the collapse of corporations such as Enron and WorldCom on the economy of the United States.

In 2003, the Securities and Exchange Commission accused U.S.healthcare giant HealthSouth Corporation and its CEO Richard Scrushy of inflating the company's earnings to the tune of $1.

If the net profits are low, it would indicate that the company is experiencing a high level of expenditure and cost of sales.

However, it is important to note that even when both the debit and the credit sides of the trial balance are equal it does not mean that the trial balance is correct. To correct the [...]

It is possible to say that Sam Walton relied on the principles and concepts of managerial accounting to improve the decision-making and planning in his company. Apart from, that Sam Walton used the principles of [...]

The physical Measure of Output method allocates the joint costs based on the physical aspects of the products. Absorption Costing is one of the methods used to allocate joint costs in a manufacturing facility.

Cost of goods sold is obtained by subtracting inventory from the total of cash to suppliers found in the last column of the cash budget.

When the client of the company showed intention to purchase from the company, the bookkeeper recorded the transaction as a sale and indicated that some of the stock had left the company.

For purposes of accounting, revenue is only recognized in the books when the following incidents have occurred: The sale is of a quantity of goods that is known for certain, and the selling price is [...]

Preparation of the income statement of Smith Company first requires the calculation of the company's operating expenses and the retained earnings at the start of the trading period ended December 31st, 2012.

When the new agreement is enforced, division A will report a decrease in the cost of materials by $100,000. In the new agreement, the division will have a decline in corporate tax amounting to $273,000.

In 2010, the company had declined and recovered in 2012. However, in 2012, the company reported an increase in the value of the margin to 40%.

This has made the accounting profession to be classified as one of the most groundbreaking professions, thus the need to acknowledge the important role of accounting.

The profit that Cummins reported in the second quarter was $ 505 million which translates to $ 2. 25 per share, reflecting a $ 246 billion profit.performance in the second quarter raised its stock by [...]

This implied that Overstock.com evidently took the earned fiscal year's income which ought to have been reported in the previous financial reporting periods such as in the third quarter of the financial year 2008 and [...]

Capon explains that the logic behind this argument is that as more money is generated, it has to be spent to buy the things that made it possible for the enterprise to make money in [...]

The ADA requirements influenced the fiscal and budgetary operations of American College Health Association in terms of enforcement of employment rights and observing the rights of employers and students with disabilities.

An example is given in the Medtronic 2010 annual report, showing the business progress report for the year ended April 2008, April 2009, and April 2010 consecutively, reviewing this, one can deduce the following: The [...]

Competitors' financial information that is retrieved from magazines can also be used by Guillermo to make informed decision on how to face them in the market. The cost of labour is one of the important [...]

The Interstate Travel Center is the most risky of the three business plans due to the following points: The first area of risk is the organizational structure.

It would not have been easy for the checks that the finance official in the case was writing to herself to pass through all the stages.

Despite the fact that the fair value method is a newer, supposedly better method than the traditional model and enjoys the backing of major international accounting trend setters, there are many critics who contend that [...]

His discussion may be summarized in the following points: The advantages of off-balance sheet financing for small firms Critique of depreciation charge as regular Critique of the 'noncancelable' notion of the lease Critique of the [...]

Company #1 is interested in investing in the company seeking part ownership in the company. Debt to total assets has increased but the company's cash flow suggests a decline of 114% in long term debt.

So, the whole of the indirect costs from all the units is combined and then allocated a fair portion of this cost to each unit based on some criteria.

The key measure of a corporation's capital structure is the ratio of debt and equity capital used in gathering funds to sustain the corporation's assets.

This would make the retail inventory method not work well therefore if combined with the first in first out method for inventory costing since in times of inflation, the price would be high at the [...]

The offered regulations in the article have the main advantage: the provisions are going to be controlled and the problem with the accounting will not appear in the conditions of constant regulations.

The author is, however, doubting the seriousness of the planned carbon reduction since no one in Australia has proposed serious green gas reduction which would in effect assuring everybody not to worry yet about the [...]

An example is in how reserve accounts are used in revaluing of assets of companies in Britain while the same is strongly discouraged in U.S.

ZBB, however, allows making changes to the project, to technological equipment, and to the design of products that were to be produced.

Another option for AIS students with accounting and IT background is the profession of an information technology auditor, which involves the analysis of the risks associated with computer-based information systems.

The size and scope of the organizations in need of qualified public accountants may vary, and so do the areas in which an accountant may work.

The article by Schillemans addresses the emergence of the phenomenon of horizontal accountability in response to the accountability deficit of agencies.

This essay is a critical review of the article titled "Accountability in the shadow of Hierarchy: The Horizontal Accountability of Agencies".

In her study "Audit committee, board of director characteristics, and earnings management", April Klein, a professor of accounting at New York University Stern School of Business, evaluates these changes and makes the argument that audit [...]

The data also shows the emergence of new CMAs around the world, and most of them are from Asia and the Americas. At the same time, the study observes the absolute growth of the CMA [...]

For example, by using ordinary and preferred shares as a source of finance, the firm commits itself to the payment of dividends to these shareholders. Cash flow forecasting enables the management to project the flow [...]

They are not without advantages and disadvantages; therefore, it is necessary to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the measures of accounting quality lucidly. Earnings quality covers the ability of reported incomes to outline the [...]

It should expand on the purpose of the test, describe the target group, and specify the number of items covered by the test.

To begin with, it should be stated that property management companies are engaged in the sphere of managing the issues associated with movable and immovable property, legislative, social, and commercial factors of its ownership.

The issue is on the agenda now since there is a great necessity to analyzed all the assets and liabilities of the ownership, as controlling the total cost provides the company to consider such aspects [...]

This paper discusses the importance of accounting, the main measurements considered in the preparation of the profit and loss account, and the limitations of the balance sheet inaccurately and comprehensively exhibiting the true financial position [...]

Lastly, capital profits and losses on investment and other assets must be shown in the 'unrestricted' group unless specific contributor limitations allow it to be recorded in one of the two restricted groups. The impact [...]

WorldCom executives analyzed stocks performance in Wall Street, identified bookkeeping as a way to generate financial reports that indicated WorldCom was growing, to meet Wall Street expectations, subsequently, keeping the company stock and growing in [...]

In order to gain a better understanding of this question, we need to summarize the key facts: such organization as United Parcel Service filed a lawsuit against the Commissioner of Internal Revenue claiming that the [...]

Considerably, the stock option plan provides the employees a chance to partly owned the company and be among the stockholders. It motivates the employees to work on their best in the company because it makes [...]

It is therefore imperative for the accounting systems to be designed in such a manner that they meet the needs of the organizations and assist them in managing their accounts and at the same time [...]

As the level of output increases the variable costs are incurred this means that the total costs also increase at the same rate. The variable costs are the costs that vary directly with the level [...]

The Florida State Department of Revenue has the responsibility of administering revenue laws of the state to its citizens as well as the laws that are related to the inspection of the books of accounts [...]

The cohesions of these notions of gaming entail the vigorous nature of the apprentice within the practice-grounded learning surroundings and the aim of negotiating by the means confronts and impediments offered in an attempt to [...]

The lower the cost of producing a product relative to the price customers pays for it, the greater the quantity of a product the company is willing to supply.

The contribution margin is the difference between the sales price and the variable cost of the product. Hence Break Even point of out put or units will be = - The total monthly fixed cost [...]

The users of the financial information assess the performance of the management and develop their respective view of the company's progress based on the disclosures made in the financial statements.

In order to be fast and accurate in today's world there is need of the machines to do the work, especially calculations.

In these case study relevant costs has been identified as direct charitable expenses and program and administration expenses directly attributable to the programs to be undertaken. The relevant costs will be direct charitable expenses and [...]

It is argued, that the building of this stadium is among the interests of the citizens, while the objective is that it discovers the chaotic principles of American policy, and the fact, that different politicians [...]

On the International Financial Reporting Standard number two, that is IFRS Two, there was a first announcement or the first issuance in the year two thousand and four with effective dates given as from or [...]

Therefore, there should be a disclosure in the financial statements that the going concern position of the company is in doubt.

This is because a great deviancy shows that the result was not adequate and it needs further research in the five sectors to determine the best pricing strategy for membership fees in the sectors.

The subject matter of recognition, measurement and reporting of intangibles has been reviewed in accordance with newly inserted accounting standard AASB 138, which is parallel to International accounting standard 38.

The reporting segment has been defined by this standard as a segment that is involved in the business activities of the entity and earns revenue for the entity and incurs expenditure for earning such revenue.

Recognition of losses from impairment of long- lived assets is an effort of declaration of fair value of such assets on a reporting date.

It could be concluded that using IFRS over that of the US GAAP will result to less earnings because of timing of recognition of expenses. There is therefore basis to conclude that earnings under the [...]

Thus, in making measurement decisions, standard-setters focus on applying the definitions of financial statement elements and the qualitative characteristics of accounting information in the context of the objective of financial reporting.

There were very many problems prior to the railway privatization in 1990.one of the problems that led to the privatization of the railway line in the UK was the misappropriation of taxpayers' money.

Each of the possible approaches in its way is aimed to lattice the capabilities and aims of the individual with the requirements and goals of the corporation.

This article discusses the impact the possible impending recession will have on the U.S.and the world, and if the emerging markets are now strong enough to save the world economy.

Besides the marketing advantages, such outsourcing entails, it is also possible to effect cost savings and reduction in workload of the outsourcing due to use of the international outsourcing techniques.

Additionally, investors use accounting information to access the degree of risks related to their investment in the organization. The managers are expected to run the organization in the interest of the owner.

The Company's profits and, therefore, cash offered from transactions throughout the year are exaggerated by regular sales molds, the timing of new production offerings, business attainments and divestitures, and price modifications. 0 million, for the [...]

The consequent result of these actions on the part of the company makes the stock of the company more diluted as the value of the shares and the profits are spread over a larger volume [...]

This analysis is expected to know how the company invests and manages its assets that would tell its financial stability prospects and the future.

The purpose of this paper is to use the governmental GAAP hierarchy for ranking the guidance to address the issues. The second step is consulting GASB Technical Bulletin, and then, it is necessary to use [...]

As noted earlier, the signaling theory is suggestive of a positive association between board size and IPO underpricing based on the underlying assumption that the board size represents or "signals" a firm's quality to investors.

As a result, the attacker knows the password for the administrator account of the company that cooperates with the company of the employee.

Based on the income and expense statement, net income, the loss ratio, the expense ratio, and the combined ratio have been calculated.

Based on the review of the company's financial statements and relevant sections of the annual report, four key audit risk areas have been identified and discussed in this report by using the integrated reporting concept.

Although there are several competitors in the market offering the same services, the proposed business offers customized and bundled services in the form of standard and premium options for car repair. The fixed and variable [...]

Under the indirect approach, the first item that is presented in the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows is net income, which is then adjusted.

This paper aims to discuss the characteristics of such concepts as variable costs, fixed costs, mixed costs, and job order costing as a part of healthcare services.

This paper addresses one of the issues related to the use of Bitcoin in terms of accounting information systems. On balance, it is necessary to observe that the increasing use of Bitcoin calls for changes [...]

The company selected for the current assignment is Walmart Inc.that is based in the United States but operates in the global market.

As loopholes in the legislation are discovered and eliminated, practices that were formerly legal but belonged to the realm of creative accounting may become illegal and fraudulent.

The IAS 16 allows both historical cost and valuation methods in accounting for tangible non-current assets based on asset recognition and measurement. The procurement cost of equipment is a valid cost, and the asset cost [...]

The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of historical cost and revaluation models seems to highlight greater reliability of fair value than historical cost.

The objectives of the audit are to identify and describe the objectives of the audit engagement and services that will be provided to the client by the audit team and to define the responsibilities of [...]

This is the basic report as it reflects the company's activities related to the production and distribution of its products and services.

Thus, it is essential to understand the value of a cash flow statement and ensure that a company calculates the ratios on a regular basis.

Net profit margin is a financial metric that shows "the ratio of net profits to revenues for a company". In 2016, the company's current ratio was equal to that of the previous year 0.59.

First and foremost, the Internet and various new portals provide relevant financial reports, which is especially important for investors as they have to be aware of all the changes that happen in the market and [...]

In order to get new financing, it is necessary to analyze the situation of the company and present enough evidence concerning future abilities to return the money.

Discount factor for year 0=1/ 0 = 1/1 = 1 Discount factor for year 1=1/ 1= 1/1. 962 Discount factor for year 2=1/ 2 = 1/1.

It is possible to allocate all fixed costs for manufactured Product A and Product B with the help of the activity-based costing method.

I strongly believe that time is a valuable resource and spending it on things that do not contribute to the success of a project is the same as wasting money to buy something unnecessary.

For purposes of this report, we only focus on the planning phase, which includes five main steps - understanding the organization's internal control processes, assessing the risk of material misstatements, planning the materiality level, developing [...]

The net income of the company has grown substantially in the past two years, which means that the company was able to manage its expenses effectively to account for the reduction of product revenue.

The most basic and standard type of financial report that every business is expected to maintain is called a balance sheet.

This section analyzes and discusses the financial condition of the Microsoft Corporation with the purpose of elucidating in detail the outcomes of the operations carried out by the company, as well as the financial performance [...]

The audit procedures we undertook when investigating the audit risk areas of Wesfarmers are about the context of our audit process and our analysis of the financial statement of the company as a whole.

An annual report is a report that a company gives to its stakeholders in order to acquaint them with the company's operations and financial variables for a particular year.

It appears logical to regard surveys as some kind of monitoring tool for the mental processes of the buyers; the key aim of such a survey would consist in understanding what has caused a customer [...]

FIFO implies the assignment of previous expenses to the cost of goods sold and revenues, as new purchases are set to list.

It was these scandals as well as unethical accounting practices that prompted the United States government to enact laws that aim to curb the occurrence of such behavior in the future.

The economic conditions resulted in a decline in the ability of the customers to repay their loans on time. The value further declined to $271,961 in 2009, an equivalent of a 20.

The cost of the services will depend on the amount of work that we are to accomplish and the level of expertise required.

Let's analyze the two options in terms of liquidity, profitability, breakeven point; This is the availability of funds to meet short term and long term financial liabilities as they fall due.

Given that PSGT is a large corporation with capability to expand to global markets; it is likely that its network will be extremely wide.

Socially, the company helps in the advancement of quality standards in the food industry, safety standards in the workplaces, improvement in retail technology, and aiding charities by direct donations.

A budget enables an individual to forecast the amount of money to be realized upon the execution of a given undertaking. A part of the income from the company will be used to cater for [...]

Therefore, it is evident that the output of the hospital is diverse and calls for the use of a job order costing system.

The primary purpose of accounting is to provide useful and detailed intelligence for those who want to use the information to make critical decisions.

During such evaluations, creditors need to know how much debt can be realistically paid from the revenue of the business, duration, and profitability of the business, the existing credit and various credit limits, assets of [...]

The contribution margin is the amount of income after the fixed costs have been met. Caldwell and Welch describe CM as the amount of income that the company realizes less the fixed costs.

Risk-based auditing, as one of the types of the internal auditing process, involves the thorough analysis and management of threats that can undermine the organization's successful work.

Investors and stakeholders can utilise financial statement examination to assess the past and current financial operations of their business, analyse an existing money related issues, and gauge future patterns in the firm's budgetary position.

In business operations, the term Cash Conversion Cycle refers to the average time that elapses when a business enterprise makes a payment for particular inventory investment and the time when the agency receives payment on [...]