Recent studies propose the involvement of a multidisciplinary team patient/family, clinical pharmacists, and other caregivers to educate clients about the risks of certain drugs and how to keep accurate records of medications [1, 3].
The participants must also be willing to remain in the study for the duration of the experiments and consent to the drugs' use.
High doses of cytarabine are usually associated with keratitis, possible dose-limiting myelosuppression and irreversible 7% to 28% incidence of neurotoxicity.
Growth hormone (GH) is produced in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. This hormone plays an essential role in metabolism and reproduction.
The most common signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis are the stiffness in joints, the weakness in muscles, pain, and the enlargement or swelling of bones.
Payments provided to doctors by drug companies negatively influence the quality of drugs and may lead to the overprescription of such opioids.
Specifically, in 2004, the EMA published a report testifying about the harm related to the off-label use of a drug for children.
Older people should be cautious while choosing over-the-counter antihistamines as these drugs affect them strongly.
Diuretics use the kidneys to increase the amount of salt in the urine. The high quantities of sodium help in reducing the amount of liquid in the blood vessels, thus easing the pressure felt in [...]
Thus, the most significant areas are the use of poly as a means to create a film-coating structure of drug capsules, the cover of metal medical instruments to increase biocompatibility with soft tissues of the [...]
I am willing to continue my education and become involved in a fascinating career path to be a part of the establishment of the new pharmacy services regarding the existing emergency climate.
A pharmacist is a specialist in the manufacture, research, and sale of drugs. This makes the profession of a pharmacist extremely suitable for me.
For instance, consumption of alcohol and smoking can affect drug metabolism in the body forcing the patient to take multiple drugs to manage the conditions.
Myalgia, in this case, was caused by the destruction of muscle tissue in the area and the release of cell components into the bloodstream.
The following were the objectives of this experiment: To determine the effectiveness of Taxol in inhibiting breast cancer cells and ovarian cancer cells using culture method.
This is done for the purpose of shipping the supplies to the poorer countries, which are unable to support the working and proper conditions in their hospitals.
The creation of new policies that promote generic drugs is leading to the American pharmaceutical industry investing heavily in generic drugs, and abandoning research and development of branded drugs.
A national drug policy is a commitment to a goal and guide for action that involves a complex course of development, implementation, as well as monitoring.
The American Association for Clinical Chemistry defines Pharmacogenomics as "the study of how drugs are metabolized in the body and the variations in the genes that produce the metabolizing enzymes".
This causes a fall in the volume of the blood which returns to the heart. First, it is associated with dizziness which is brought about by a sudden drop in the blood pressure.
This is concerning the number of reported cases as well as the level of severity of the side effects that have been reported over chromium.
If the pain is caused by the activation of the nociceptive system which is a result of tissue injury, then the pain can be said to be nociceptive.Mr.
Currently, the interest in monitoring and prescription drug evaluation is on the process of premarketing approval and the duration taken before the drug is approved by FDA.
Insulin production in bacteria is a biotechnology application with great significance to human health. Recombinant DNA technology application in pharmaceutical production specifically in insulin production in bacteria is a widely applied biotechnology.
This article provides an insight to the effects of chemotherapy treatment to the body of the cancer victims. It defines the drug in a lengthy way including what the drug is, the effects of taking [...]
One of the potential shortcomings of the TGN1412 trial appears to be the fact that the trials were undertaken based on available data in the research file which was in adequate to allow the trials [...]
All the traditional agents have shown to have several side effects and cannot be fully relied on in treatment of PTSD.
Economists argue that, direct-to-consumer advertisement has contributed to the growth of both pharmaceutical and media industries, for example from the year 1980 to the year 1997, the amount spent on DTCPA had increased from 12 [...]
The government claims to do the best for the citizens and provides them with various programs that are created to be beneficial for the general public, especially for the vulnerable populations, but is it so?
Considering the way the physicians are encountering several dilemmas in the use of commercially available FDA-approved treatment drugs and recommending medicines specifically tailored to meet the special medical needs of individual patients, trends and the [...]
Due to the debilitating nature of viral diseases, scientists have developed ways to ameliorate and alleviate their impact by developing vaccines and antivirals.
For instance, one can speak about the excessive use of antibiotics for the treatment of various diseases. Additionally, this problem can be explained by the agricultural uses of antibiotics for growth purposes.
For this reason and under the intellectual property rights, he, therefore, has a claim to the invention of the drug in question. The company could also surrender the copyrights to John as a way of [...]
The condition results from the inheritance of an unusual sickle cell gene, which is accountable for the production of hemoglobin S that replaces the normal hemoglobin.
Classification of antimicrobial agents is based on the type of microorganism that the agents are effective against, their mode of action and the magnitude of susceptible organisms.
However, many of them suspect defects in the pain mechanism of the body, problems in the central nervous system and abnormalities in muscles.
Initial studies of this disease focussed on keratinocyte hyperproliferation; however, recent studies are exploring the possibilities of the role played by the body's immune system in triggering the occurrence of the disease. The process is [...]
An estimated 40%-63% variability in warfarin dose therapy is attributed to VKORCI mutation from the combination of the *2 and *3 CYP2C9 variants.
Since the discovery of the role of genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism in the 1980s, the genes that encode for drug-metabolizing enzymes, including CYP2D6, have been cloned in vitro.
In conclusion, the appropriateness of RCT, both in the context of the study by Rai et al.and in the general medical research, is analysed.
Antacids are instrumental in treatment of constipation and other forms of abdominal complications. Proper knowledge of medical complications accords opportunity for individuals to understand and decide on purchase and use of antacids.
General anaesthetic drugs have the ability to stimulate the vomiting centre in the brain, which explains the feeling of vomiting experienced by the patient.
However, patients must also be incorporated into these awareness campaigns since a significant number of injuries and deaths from drug use occur due to their failure to use medications in the correct manner.
In this article, Carthwaite tries to bring out the economic value of drugs in the enhancement of the quality of life.
The Food and Drug Administration re-approval of the restricted use of Lotronex by women with severe diarrhea condition was because of the potential benefits of the drug over its adverse effects.
It is common for antibiotics to be prescribed for the treatment of viral infections like flu, colds or gastroenteritis. Other interventions should be considered first such as boosting the immune system before resorting to use [...]
When using the E-prescribing method all that doctors are required to do is to enter drug prescriptions in a computer that should be in their offices, after which this information is relayed to the pharmacy [...]
This is because the paper relays the findings of a specialized study on the topic in question. This is because the contents of this center on data collected within the four-year period within which the [...]
This paper critically analyzes the findings of a research presented in the article "Association of suicide attempts with acne and treatment with isotretinoin: retrospective Swedish cohort study" where the link between the patients using isotretinoin [...]
The genetic factor attached to family lines also plays a very important role in the cause of depression. The desire to achieve the best through seeking utmost perfection in one's undertaking is a known cause [...]
The marketing of pharmaceutical and over-the-counter drugs have influenced consumers' choice and behavior in that consumers have more information to decide the kind of drugs to use.
Position Against the proposition that development of drug treatment for obesity will become the development of choice over exercise and diet Reasons Seriousness of illness requires multidisciplinary approach; obesity is largely a lifestyle disease; [...]
The knowledge of the chemical structures of chemical compounds and the relationship with the biological or physiological activity they can elicit is very important in the development of drugs.
In addition to this, serious penalties should be set for companies that withhold information regarding adverse drug effects from members of the public who use the concerned drugs.
Given that the unbound form of the drug is bio-transformed from the body, the other part of the drug may be liberated so as to maintain a steady balance.
The use of a combination of drugs is capable of eradicating infection while preventing spread of the resistant strain from person to person.
Lastly but not the least, it is a constituent in some polymers that are used in treatment of teeth for example in preventing cavities in children.
The functional group is the Nitride site which is negatively charged and hence can gain electrons during the process of decomposition.
The initial use of methamphetamine for widespread medical use was in the form of a nasal decongestant that led to its use in inhalers for the treatment of rhinitis and asthma in the 1930s.
To understand the essence and danger of anabolic steroids use in sport it is necessary to consider the history of doping in sport, the history of anabolic steroids extraction and its major impacts on people [...]
Irrespective of the definition adopted for vitamin A deficiency, vitamin A plays an important role in the functioning of the body.
It is made with the help of rectal drug delivery devices for straightforward and continuous intake of pharmaceuticals. According to rectal drug delivery the main device is still enema.
This is used for treating the problems of high blood pressure Tacrine is a parasympathomimetic and a centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitor.
The analgesic effect of Opioid substances is achieved through decreasing the levels of pain detection; boosting the ability to tolerate pain and reducing the reaction to the perception of pain.
Hence, it is clear that they are several mechanisms in which the pathogen becomes resistant to the inhibitor like amoxicillin of the combination of -lactam- -lactamase.
They also agree to a point that the drug causes some damage to the lungs and pulmonary system as a result of the tendency of the smokers to inhale it deeper and to hold it [...]
Site and mechanism of action of Narcotic Analgesics There are different types of opiate receptors in the CNS which are responsible for the pharmacological actions of narcotic agents.
The resulting protein is altered as the antibiotic is unable to bind to it and this leads to the survival of the bacteria by mutation.
Wellbutrin SR also known as bupropion hydrochloride is drug belonging to the category of antidepressant and of the class of aminoketone. Wellbutrin is administered in the depression phase of the bipolar disorder.
Therefore, the increase in enzymes of the liver can reduce the chemical side effects of the tablet. The risk is very high in the case of alcoholics as they may be already having liver inflammation.
The consideration of a patient's specific conditions and symptoms will guide the medical practitioner to make the best decision. The approach will help minimise cases of depression and guide the targeted beneficiary to lead a [...]
The named symptoms manifested in the patient can also be attributed to the side effects of the medication he or she is currently prescribed.
The prevalence of the disease is rather small and constitutes about 1% of the world population. Such therapy is believed to relieve the symptoms and avert the progression of the disease in most cases.
The prevalence of the disease is yet relatively low but is projected to grow, at least in the United States. The individual set of symptoms usually is the basis for the prescription of drug therapy.
On the contrary, chronic pain leads to maladaptation, to an abnormal perception of pain and non-pain impulses, and is accompanied by various disorders of the central nervous system.
This paper aims to provide an analysis of the article that gives a perspective on the adverse health effects and harm related to marijuana use. Thus, the academic article on the adverse effects of marijuana [...]
The price is only so pleasant because dietary supplements are made with cheap medium, and their producers do not have to include in the price a series of examinations and FDA taxes.
It requires the formation of a strong foundation to deliver the necessity of vitamin B1 supplementation. This study was conducted in randomly picked incidents of the critically ill in the world.
It is expected that the company will establish itself as one of the leading companies in medical and pharmaceutical supplies globally during the first three years of operation.
The referral, in this case, will have been successful, and once the client is released back to the community, the chances of a relapse will be minimal.
Due to the high number of patients that arrive in Emergency, healthcare staff always have limited time available in order to make the first check and recognize a patient's situation.
It was also imperative to do this in order to assess and evaluate pharmacy staff and how they were attending to patients and other visitors.
It is produced by Shire and New River Pharmaceuticals in its inactive form which has to undergo digestion in the stomach and through the first-pass metabolic effect in the liver into L-lysine, an amino acid [...]
The majority of the world's HIV/AIDS cases are in Africa particularly the sub-Saharan and many of the infected have been faced with a huge challenge to live a normal life due to limitations in access [...]
For the effectiveness of the trial, the ABC would be applied so as to significantly reduce the cost and testing plus review time as this would significantly affect the life of the drug's patent protection.
Rotation is a chance for pharmacy students to broaden their experiences and gain knowledge and skills of many various views the practice of pharmacy provides.
McKenna et al.conducted a study to determine the extent of the antipsychotic effect on the general population and examine the rates of abortions and birth defects.
It has also operating a network of more than 5,500 branches in forty-seven states, and the number will soon increase as the company is still working on opening more branches every day, making it one [...]
Thesis: It is often debated whether the high cost of drugs in the United States is justified or not; the high cost of drugs in the United States is totally justified when one considers the [...]
The science of stem cell treatments, potentially as or more significant than these other innovations, is beginning a new stage of exploration and growth that could be the forerunner of unprecedented cures and therapies.
To identify the health care problems specifically in expensive medications, in a sample of person who have been in the third world countries. To identify the traditional and herbal medicines that enhances the small business [...]
Among the factors that can affect the absorption process are the ways the drug is designed and manufactured, its physical and chemical properties and the physiological characteristics of the person taking the drug.
Introduction Examples of Errors in Pharmacy Process-Map Analysis Verbal Explanation Graphic Input SIPOC Model Analysis
It will ensure that there will be full adherence to the treatment, but if a patient cannot afford the medication, nurses should provide the most effective treatment for the patient's financial situation.
The steps a nurse needs to take to evaluate a patient's physical and mental state are similar to those taken in the case of any other type of substance abuse.
Drug resistance crisis severely impacts the quality of services, and it is the responsibility of healthcare providers to reduce the misuse of antibiotics and prevent medication mistakes through education.
The release of and receptors causes the increase of blood pressure. Such sympathetically acting drugs as prazosin and phenoxybenzamine block the release of and receptors and, thus, decrease blood pressure.
The off-label drug is the prescription of medication to populations such as pediatrics in dosages that are extrapolated from the standard label recommendations for adults.
After type 2 diabetes is detected, the drug therapy can start with Metformin, a medication that lowers glucose production and increases the sensitivity of the body to insulin.
Still, the possibility to reduce the risks of suicides among people is the achieved outcome that makes physicians and psychiatrists choose this medication. This drug helps to reduce the frequency and severity of mood changes [...]
Although the student's concerns are valid, it may be difficult to implement laws and regulations that oblige pharmaceutical companies to make the life-saving drugs affordable to millions of people who require them as such a [...]
The researchers concluded that the clinicians needed to determine the right and suitable drug for use depending on the category of pain, nature of the injury, and level of pain.
Such principles are relevant in the field of psychology since psychiatrists are able to administer drugs to patients effectively. It is vivid that the dangers associated with abusing prescription drugs are similar to those of [...]
The other type is called the monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants that help to keep the concentration of the neurotransmitter in the brain at levels that aid in mood improvement.
The use of levocarnitine and l-acetylcarnitine has several benefits including improvement of the motor, cognitive and behavioral functioning. A study with a high dose l-carnitine treatment in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease demonstrated [...]
Florida State laws that aim at regulating the duties and responsibilities of NPs remain to be one of the strictest in America.
Benzodiazepines produce a mostly positive effect on older adult patients with psychiatric issues, yet dosage should be verified carefully due to the threat of patients developing a dependency on the specified type of medications; Slow [...]
Based on the assessment of the complexities encountered by ongoing and novice alliances, it is possible to determine the main directions of activities.
The focus of this study was to investigate the possible causes of the resistance, its prevalence, and ways of dealing with the problem.
The main variables observed in this study will be the following: the efficiency of Xenical for weight loss in the UAE populations and the preferences linked to the use of Xenical compared to other medications [...]
As for the particular factors that may be regarded as important when it comes to the medicalization of this condition, it is necessary to mention that a lot of people experiencing excessive sweating have increased [...]
A recent clinical trial involving a comparison of Rituximab and IV cyclophosphamide initiation in patients with severe symptoms found that the former has fewer side effects but comparable efficacy to the latter.
The creation of any plan of care requires the investigation of different factors, as well as the relationships that may exist between a drug and a patient's body.
However, the modern era of atherosclerosis has focused on the inflammatory process and the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the arterial intima as a nidus for forming atherosclerotic plaques. The injury to the arterial [...]
The crux of the paper will dwell into the main principles of Psychopharmacology and delve into the role that these play in the Psychopharmacology process.
Generic drugs are approved by the FDA in the US only if they have the same active ingredients and require to be given in the same dosage and through the same mode of administration as [...]
Thus, drug labeling is the policy of medications, solutions, and container labeling which might lead to reducing the rate of medication errors in the nurse's practice. Medication labeling policy might be helpful to reduce the [...]
Speaking about the particular communication skills that are essential for the specialist, it is important to remember about the pharmacist's ability to concentrate on the specific needs of the client.
The company had to provide a summary of the side effects of the product in published advertisements, and only the major risks of the drug in broadcast commercials.
It is as a result of this fact that numerous precautions and measures have been put in place to ensure that the overall health of the public is guaranteed.