The cutting down of trees contributed greatly to negative impacts of the climate in the Africa continent. This has resulted to the wide spread of HIV/AIDs in African States.
The two most influential political trends in the France of the 18th century were the Jacobins and the Girondins, the communities that are fundamentally different in their ideology and the ways of achieving ultimate goals.
This ensured that France had a unified and progressive legal system that respected the need to uphold human rights and promote equality and justice in his country and its colonies.
The whole French terrorism was a means of dealing with the rivals of the bourgeoisie that is feudalism and absolutism. In the estates general, there was the clergy, nobility and the rest of the people.
The expulsion of the Acadians from the British Colony of Nova Scotia by Governor Charles Lawrence is one of the best-known cases of forced displacement of European colonists in North America.
He was the second born son of a prominent man in Corsica; he represented Corsica at the court of the then king of France Luis XVI. The defeat of the royalists earned Napoleon the admiration [...]
The Battles of the Somme and Verdun were two of the greatest battles fought on the Western front between the Anglo-French military forces and the German forces during the course of the First World War.
This was unacceptable in the eyes of the factory owners resulting in the implementation of the practice of children being sent into the mechanisms of machines while they were still operating since they were supposedly [...]
With that background in mind, this paper shall discus the characteristics of girls' and boys' dresses in the eighteenth century as well as the similarities between the dresses of both sexes.
However, the exploration, or the settlement of the Viking Norsemen, had little effects on the lives of the Native Americans because these explorers soon sailed back across the Atlantic and to Europe.
A thorough consideration of factors, ranging from the location of the main source of the water to the magnitude and span of the expected aqueduct, preceded the construction process.
During the last period of the 19th century all the way to the early 20th century, Europe and America experienced revolutions in communication, transportation and weapons which were very crucial particularly in the manner in [...]
Renaissance which is also referred as the rebirth is the period that started in the 14th century and ended up in the 17th century.
The achievement of the French Army and the surrender of Lombardy by the Austrian Empire led to rebellions in the other states of central Italy.
Feudalism to Ganshof was the possession of power by the lords in the form of land and its systematic transmission to the serfs.
The history of propaganda is based on three interweaving fundamentals: first, the mounting need, with the growth of civilization and the rise of nation-state, to win the battle for people's minds; second, the increasing sophistication [...]
Well, as exposited in this paper, the Second World War, anti-colonial movements, the United States, the United Nations declaration, the Cold War and the USSR were the main forces behind the decolonization while the end [...]
The answer to this lies in the fact that documentary evidence was required to protect the trades and industries within the country in the event of civil commotion, feudal oppression and general lawlessness.
The spread of the Greek language to other parts of the world was due to the introduction of the Macedonian culture to the Persian Empire.
It was also noted for the religious inconsistencies, affected with the advent of many scientific theories like the 'On the Theory of Species' by Charles Darwin and the great invention of Cowper Nikes that proved [...]
In particular, the author argues that the citizens of the British Empire have a right to rule different regions of the world.
By the second part of the eighteenth century, Great Britain was regarded as one of the wealthiest nation across the globe due to industrial revolution.
The Europeans initially considered African land as worthless, however, by the end of the 19th century their perception about Africa had changed due to the changes in Europe making them move to Africa for rescue.
Romanticism was anchored in the work of the poets which was evident in the daily lives of the society. Besides, the role of women in romantic literature was significant, thus; they were greatest poets and [...]
Now, the wall does not divide the city, and the remainders of it are covered with art, representing a reminder of the city's history and the freedom that seemed unattainable four decades ago.
One can argue that Mike Davis, writing in the present time decided to use the imagery from the Holocaust and the Nazi's internment camps to help his readers understand the real horror caused by the [...]
In the second half of the 18th century, there was a period of development, which received the name of The Industrial Revolution.
In this case there was a shift from the use of human labor to the use of machines and modern tools.
The Congress largely known as the European Concert was the initial sequence of the worldwide conference to be held for the diplomatic European power balance.
The Napoleon code was paramount to the establishment of the civil laws that enabled France to be governed by a more unified legal system as compared to the period before the establishment of the code.
The monarch's symbol of power was the Bastille jail in Paris that had been in place for the past 400 years and its attack signified the beginning of a republican government.
The rationale behind it was to point to the reconstruction of London and the incorporation of futuristic buildings in the architecture of the city.
The Dark Ages is the period of time from the fall of the Roman Empire until the rebirth of knowledge during the Renaissance period.
The painters and the sculptors started to portray the dying and the dead with images of the grim and death reapers.
This hypothesis could be counter-argued by Halford Mackinder's Heartland theory that emphasizes the importance of the geopolitical concept in the process of the formation of the states.
The industrial revolution also helped change the movement of goods around the world and the issue of materialism was adopted as a result of arts and religion.
This is arguably the reason as to why it is referred to as the age of pluralism. Developments that gave birth to modern day civilization kicked off in some parts of the universe as the [...]
In response to Lord Macaulay's argument, Peel admitted that although the government was not supposed to abandon all forms of social responsibility, it was expected to come in handy especially as the last resort. On [...]
The fact that ace costume designer, Alexandra Byrne won an Oscar for her authentic portrayal of clothes and accessories worn by the various actors in Elizabeth: The Golden Age is ample proof of the authenticity [...]
According to the Irish people, the famine was the worst in their history in terms of scale, duration and effects. Irish potato famine had a lot of implications to the Irish people and the world [...]
Many writings and works devoted to the investigation of European history in the 18th century have captured the chronicles of a long-term hunger that was spread across France on the eve of the Revolution.
It was hard for the British to avoid Indians and they continued considering them as an issue for the cost of the war.
Another critical "nation-statehood making" is the break of the Soviet Union and the end of cold war between Soviet Union republic and the United States.
The exceptional volume of the innovations introduced to the life of people and the developmental power it had on the country appears to trace the connections of those changes in the 21st century.
When he was sent to England, the effects of industrialization that he saw at Manchester prompted him to write about the Condition of the Working Class in England, a book that was published first in [...]
Religion in the Holy Roman Empire was a far contrast to the religion in ancient Rome. In the Byzantine Empire religion is the lifeblood of the whole society.
In this paper, a variety of aspects and contributing factors of the evolution will be discussed including putting-out system, the three unique sets of Britain's advantages that stimulated the process of industrialization, the support of [...]
In this essay, the stressors are outlined, a major stressor is identified from among the many and how the renaissance society responded to the stressor is discussed in detail. The rebellion by peasants caused a [...]
The next section of the essay will be the critical analysis part, which will illuminate on issues such as the sources of information for the book, how professional it is, and the credibility of the [...]
Lack of enough knowledge of land terrains among Germans and high population of their enemies may also have contributed to German loss in the war.
The standardisation of European languages led to a great development of the European literature and the creation of national ideologies and mythologies in different countries.
At the beginning of 1808 however, Napoleon made a major mistake of making an intervention in a political court case in the Spanish court out of opportunism, and the thought that this would cement his [...]
His Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation was the call for all German nobles in order to reform the church and prove that the Bible was the only reliable source about Christ, [...]
The country was then an already operational state was being ruled by monarchy."The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy [...]
In this essay, we are going to look at the history of Western Europe in the 17th -18th century with emphasis on the causes of societal unrest prior to the French revolution, the enlightenment era, [...]
The effectiveness of military strategies and tactics depends on the ability of military commander to mobilize his armies and resources effectively.
Of course, a hope that the presence of revolution promoted certain changes and made the government to think about the improvement of citizens' lives and wellbeing was inherent to the French.
Many nations were influenced by the colonizers by the use of the English language through which they were forced to believe and act according to the will of their colonizers.
What was communicated from the pope was final regardless of who the subject was.[1] The Catholic Church was the only church in the world and its branches were in many countries.
However, with the population growth and urbanization, the demands of the citizens began to increase too, and they started to demonstrate their interest in manufacturing and innovations.
On the eve of the reforms in 1868, the United Kingdom was a parliamentary monarchy with limited suffrage. The social reforms of this time were modest in scope and impact.
First, the company was referred to as the East India Company, and then was later referred to as the East India Trading Company while others referred to it as the English East India Company.
However, the writers of then published stuffs, plays and articles, which were full of satire addressing how the real case was the opposite of what the people claimed about the century.
While I have had many inventions in my time, I concede that my discovery of the use of the pendulum for the measurement of time is the most significant one and while this blindness that [...]
The government appreciated his contribution and promoted him to the division general and commander of the Army of Italy. Ambitious Napoleon realized the futility of the situation and decided to abandon his army in Egypt [...]
The French Revolution was the most revolutionary era in the history of France as the country underwent radical reforms. One of the greatest landmark revolutions was the spread of the Napoleonic culture and some of [...]
This part that was given to Poland was later to be the cause of the Second World War and was known as the Polish Corridor.
Galileo's letter to the Grand Duchess is very believable and shows Galileo as a man passionate about his belief that scientific discoveries are not made for the sole purpose of discrediting the Catholic Church or [...]
This paper will cover "The Bull Unam Sanctam" by Pope Boniface VIII."Unam Sanctam" is considered one of the first steps toward the change of Papal authority over Europe.
King Henry the 8th was the king of England and a notable figure in the monarchy. His other achievement was the uniting of England and Wales under a legal process in 1542.
It also strengthened the relationship between America and many European countries, which led to the development of more political, economic and military influence in these regions compared to other parts of the globe.
There has been an extensive account of a favorite cultural model in Germany, even prior to the augmentation of the National Socialists and their capitalization on the initiative of the Volksgemeinschaft in the 1930s and [...]
At the beginning of the Modest Proposal, Swifts satirizes on the problem of the poor and over-population in Ireland and pledges for the English people to pay attention to it.
The elements of the costume used by men in France of the 17th century were affected by the social and political situation when kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV presented their own vision of the [...]
In addition, people from the middle classes were the greatest beneficiaries while peasants and the poor were the losers in the revolutions.
He was greatly inspired by the Roman Emperors and the proof of that is his creation of an Empire and linked it to Rome.
In 1960, the East Germany exodus now totaling to millions of civilians was predictably damaging to the political integrity and economic capability of East Germany, making it vital to fortify its borders with the west, [...]
In spite of the fact that Germany was one of the most powerful European states before the war's start in 1914, World War I led to the political, economic, and social decline in the country [...]
According to Hitler, the German's defeat in the First World War, the Bolshevik Revolution, German's post war inflation, and the economic crisis of the year 1929 were accredited to International Jewry. Over time, the masses [...]
The movie by the name Marie Antoinette tells the story of the Austrian-born queen and the events leading to the collapse of the monarchy in France.
Such decision proves the significance of the chosen site and the unbelievable role of the palace in the history of the city.
While Italy was a winner of the Great War, and Germany was a loser, the two countries were put in similar conditions by the Treaty of Versailles.
The Nazi rule was referred to in the country in many ways, such as the intensification of propaganda and the prohibition of dissent, which was regarded as a betrayal of the motherland.
The roots of the 1641 rebellion lie partly in the Elizabethan conquest and colonization of Ireland and partly in the alienation of Anglo-Irish Catholics from the new Protestant English state in the decades following that [...]
Specifically, in Germany, the specified phenomenon created the basis for the further rise of the power of the working class, or the proletariat.
However, De Brahm's map is one of the most striking pieces of evidence of the conquest of space and the entrenchment of the idea of land and people as titular property.
The French Revolution was a series of events that marked the downfall of the Bourbon monarchy and the rise of a democratic republic in France.
The madness of the English king plunged the country into a period of anarchy and civil strife, in which the warring houses of Lancaster and York were the central actors.
The ideas presented by the interpretations of the effects and consequences of the revolution are important in offering knowledge of new political ideologies.
In the book The Communist Manifesto, the authors view capitalism as a brief economic form destined to fail to lead to a rise in the communist system. Capitalism was attributed to the harsh inequalities of [...]
Ireland, the territory that had been subject to British rule since the twelfth century, combined with Britain to become the United Kingdom with the Acts of Union at the beginning of the 18th century.
Thus, the education of tolerance and understanding of other faiths contributes to the establishment of relations in society and limits the possibility of conflicts and stressful situations.
An aspect that is of particular interest is the question of the development of this thought and the relationship between some of the rulers of European nations, which were called the Enlightened Despots.
In the eyes of most Germans, the goal of the treaty's reparations was to "ruin the Reich's economy" and overpower the country's political and territorial integrity.
Consequently, in chapter 2, Tocqueville explains that the Church was targeted by the anti-elitist and semi-anarchist aims of the Revolution due to being a part of the feudal system.
The Bildung tradition was the basis for the transformation of Prussia of the eighteenth century into a potent Germany at the end of the nineteenth century.
One of the most developed variants of this concept is the nationalism of the era of the French Revolution. In 1789, with the outbreak of the French Revolution, the idea of nationalism spread throughout France, [...]
The book embeds a variety of perspective that shows the evolution of social reaction to famine as the leading cause of suffering in the European history.
England is a fairly good example of the reformation of the foundations of the system of power.thus, the country made the necessary changes not with the help of revolutions and social unrest, but with the [...]
This work was written with the aim of studying the era of the Reformation, significant personalities, and events. Martin Luther sparked the Reformation with his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church's actions and doctrine.
Italy and Germany were able to become the major political powers only through unification under a robust national idea, with the domination of the Austrian Empire serving as the catalyst of this process.
Among the similarities is the use of the same language, Latin, and the worshipping of Gods. As for the fundamental distinction between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire is that the republic was a [...]
However, the advent of the second revolution sparked numerous manufacturing innovations, like steel production, the manufacture of interchangeable parts, and innovations in the machine tool industry.
This allowed the U.S.to maintain a capitalist presence in Berlin and convinced Western Europe that the new enemy was the communist U.S.S.R.
Those were the Federal Republic of Germany, also known as Western Germany, allied to the UK and the States, and the German Democratic Republic, also known as East Germany, allied to the USSR.
Overall, the division of Germany is a consequence of the Second World War and the struggle between two political forces western and eastern.
To understand why the French Revolution led to war between France on the one side and Prussia and Austria on the other in 1792, one should briefly recall the essence of this revolution.
In the book, City of Inmates, the author Hernandez aims to explore the issue of incarceration using the example of Los Angeles, a city with the most significant number of inmates in the United States.
Maintaining the health of the children is a way to express the love mothers have for their children. It is crucial to think of the deplorable working and living conditions for Berlin workers in the [...]
From the 18th to the early 20th century, most of the populated territories in the world came to be dominated by just a handful of powers from Europe of North America.
The Paris Commune of 1871 was a brief revolutionary government that took control of Paris in the midst of social and political turmoil in France at the time.
This leads to the emergence of social classes in society, with the elites who own most business enterprises at the top of the hierarchy.
The 19th century western philosophy was characterized by a strong inclination to refer to elements of human feeling and imagination at the expense of human reason.
The ancient Greeks and Romans alongside with their culture greatly influenced the nature of Greco-Roman culture in terms of religion, culture and language use.
Many communities have undergone various political, economic, and social changes mostly because of adopting the characters and values of the other communities they come in contact with.
Even though the war was responsible for the larger portion of the debt it was not the only reason for the overwhelming debt that France was in.
The text is titled "A History of Violence", and the author discusses the events preceding Kristallnacht using the example of a well-known physician Paul Ehrlich and the institutional nationalism in the 1930s and 1940s Germany.
The composition of this song was requested by the mayor of Strasbourg, who wanted a song to encourage the army to defend their territory. The song became famous in the territory and was a tool [...]
The Act granted middle-class citizens voting rights in addition to changing the mode of representation in parliament to cover the interests of more segments of the population.
The initial period of the reign of terror is the radical phase when there was the domination of the Jacobins over the legislative assembly.