Chemistry Essay Examples and Topics

The method of initial rates was employed in the determination of the order and rate law for the reaction. The power to which the concentrations of reactants are raised in a rate law is referred [...]

The main difference between acidic and basic solutions is the concentration of hydrogens ions: for the former, it is higher than that of pure water, and for the latter, it is lower.

According to Kotz and Treichel, the solubility of various substances increases with increases in the temperatures of their surroundings, although this is not always the case.

Salicylic acid is administered in the form of tablets, a less irritating method, unlike in the early days where it was administered in the form of leaves.

Therefore, the moles of the limiting reagent is 0. 025, and the mole of the product is 0.025.

5 ml of KMnO4 were added to the second test tube, which was the color standard for the purple permanganate ion.

This experiment aimed at establishing the concentration of iodine with time by quantifying the absorbance of the reacting solution at a wavelength of 410 nanometers and finally determining the initial velocity of the reaction.

The objective of this experiment is to determine the amounts of the component parts of hydrated copper Sulfate. The third procedure is the scrutiny of sulfate ion in a sample of copper sulfate.

The chemical process in this experiment entails reacting salicylic acid and methanol in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, which catalyzes the reaction, and under reflux conditions to form methyl salicylate and water.

This point was the basic idea for performing this study, in which acetylsalicylic acid, which is the main component of analgesics, was actively hydrolyzed to salicylic acid: the reaction is shown in Figure 1.

Thus, the calculated molarity of NaOH is used to compute the molar solubility of KHT, which is the quantity of KHT moles that are liquefied in every liter before saturation level.

The color change depends on the relative acid strength of the conjugate acid form of the indicator. Based on the equation above, the acid strength is calculated as:

The second objective was to confirm that the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the tert-Butyl Chloride if the temperature is kept constant.

The central purpose of this experiment is to study the primary salt effect in the oxidation reaction of iodide ions to iodine during sodium thiosulfate titration with appearance of salt KNO3 All steps of the [...]

The method of initial rates was employed in the determination of the order and rate law for the reaction. The rate of the reaction and the rate law expression for the reaction were then established [...]

The concentration of the chemical reactants also affects the rate of reaction by altering the number of reacting molecules. This increases the rate of collision and hence the rate of reaction.

Following the procedure in the production of acetone, the several materials emerge during and after the production. The production of acetone In the feed drum: A feed is a tank like object used in the [...]

This makes organic chemistry to have a very important role of describing the reaction of the carbon compounds. The aim of the experiment was to identify the functional group of the two unknown organic compounds.

Bomb Calorimetry is one of the methods to calculate the standard heat of the reaction of various chemical processes. One of the ways of its application is the determination of the standard heat of organic [...]

The first objective of the experiment is to elucidate the formation of a ketone from alcohol through the process of pinacol rearrangement in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, heat, and boiling chips.

This paper focuses on the application of chemistry in life as well as some of the hazards that it has presented to life.

In the first case, adding hydrochloric acid to the produced azo dye led to the change of the color from dark red to orange, and the reaction with sodium hydroxide resulted in the change from [...]

Plastic is any organic material that when heated and pressure applied, it can expand and after it has been cooled it retains that shape it had been subjected to.

The TLC sheet was placed in a universal bottle containing solvent A with the line of origin nearest to the bottom but above the solvent. The positions of the solvent and each pigment molecule were [...]

9g of potassium nitrate was added to the water, and the test tube was shaken until all the salt was submerged in the water.

This experiment aimed at establishing the activation energy for the reaction between oxalic acid and potassium permanganate by first determining the rate equation for the reaction.

It contains either a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The equation links the measured pH of a solution, hydrogen ions concentration, and the dissociation constant of [...]

Some of the chemical processes used in the bottom-up approach include sol-gel process, the reaction of molecules in a flask, reverse microemulsion and flame synthesis, which have been used to make silica nanoparticles, nanozeolite, nanocatalysts [...]

The purpose of the experiment was to examine the expansion of a perfect gas by determining the specific heat ratio through an adiabatic process and the ratio of volume using an isothermal process.

In conclusion, meth is one of the most addictive drugs, with serious physiological and psychological complications hence, the need for individuals to watch their consumption habits.

The rate law demonstrates how the rate correlates with the concentrations of the components of the reaction. It is possible to note that "the power of the concentration in the rate law expression is called [...]

The aim of the experiment was to isolate acetylsalicylic acid, acetanilide, and sucrose fractions from Phensuprin based on their acid-base solubility differences. Acetylsalicylic Acid or Aspirin Its synthesis involves treating salicylic acid with acetic anhydride [...]

In the experiment, salicylic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acids to produce methyl salicylate and water as the only products.

The Ka value stands for the dissociation constant of an acid, which is the measure of the potency of the acid in the solution.

Part of the crude product was recrystallized from ethanol and the remaining part was purified by column chromatography in the second week.

The addition of hydrochloric acid to the liver in beaker B lowered the pH for catalase. In beaker A, distilled water provided a neutral pH that was essential for the activity of catalase.

The boiling point denotes the temperature position where the liquid-vapor pressure establishes an equilibrium with the atmospheric pressure, thus necessitating the liquid to transform into the gaseous phase.

The percentage yield of acetanilide is the mass of acetanilide recovered, divided by the theoretical mass of acetanilide multiplied by 100.

The first ten droplets were collected in the first test tube at 80. As the temperature stabilized in the third test tube, 10 additional droplets were collected.

In general, luminescence is understood as the glow of substances not accompanied by heat production but initiated by the absorption of photons.

This paper is therefore an in-depth analysis of the extraction of lubricating oils by looking at the methods of extraction, description of processes, purpose of extraction and new developments in lubricating oil extraction with emphasis [...]

The pinacol rearrangement constitutes the dehydration of pinacol and the stabilization of carbocation by the shift of methyl. The mechanism of the pinacol rearrangement commences with the protonation of one of the two OH groups.

The chemical reaction must be such that the energy released in the reaction is concentrated primarily in the excited vibrational states.

The volume of the mixture was made to 200 mL in a measuring cylinder. The concentration of the protein in the supernatant was determined using a biuret reagent.

The precipitative gravimetric analysis allows the use of a net ionic equation for the measurement of the mass of solid calcium oxalate, determination of percent composition of calcium in the salt using the empirical formula, [...]

The rate of migration relies on the strength of the chemical interactions between the analyte and the mobile phase as well as the interactions between the analyte and the stationary phase.

The pH of a solution at the equivalence point depends upon the nature of the acid and the base being titrated.

Molar mass: 118. Molar mass: 18.

The general structure of an alkane is CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. The general structure of an alkene is CnH2n, where n is the number of carbons in the [...]

With the current technologies, an electrolyzer working at 100% efficiency needs 39 kWh of electricity to liberate 1 kg of hydrogen.

In this view, retinol is unstable at room temperature and in the presence of air. Metabolism of retinyl esters and carotenoids produces retinol, which is an active molecule in the body.

Diffusion is the process of movement of atoms from higher concentration region to lower concentration region. The activation energy of vacancy diffusion is high compared to interstitial diffusion.

To explore the base-catalyzed aldol condensation between 3, 4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, and 1-indanone under solvent-free conditions; To purify the product through recrystallization; To evaluate the melting point of the product.

In the present laboratory work, the main issue is to investigate the potential relationship between WHC as a measure of moisture content and chicken pH; specifically, the question is to identify the effect of meat [...]

Of note, caution was taken to minimize the time of contact with the container as this would raise the temperatures of the container hence giving a false impression of the actual temperatures.

In this experiment, information was collected regarding the mass of the calorimeter and bowl, the mass of the empty calorimeter, the water, and the contents: all raw data are shown in Table 1.

In analytical chemistry, there are several techniques for determining the formula of a complex compound, but in this laboratory work, the emphasis was on the applicability of Beer's law, recognizing the fact that when a [...]

The purpose of the experiment is to study substitution reactions of alcohols because they can react as nucleophiles or electrophiles, depending on prevailing conditions of the reaction. This experiment illustrates the reaction of 1-butanol with [...]

The objective of the experiment is to demonstrate how substitution reactions of alcohol occur. Specifically, the experiment aims to demonstrate the formation of 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol through a nucleophilic substitution reaction.

The use of corn in the production of ethanol has a number of drawbacks. This is attributed to the fact that the production of high amount of ethanol requires corn in large quantities.

These pathways are responsible for the breakdown of essential nutrients into Adenosine Triphosphate and other molecules necessary for the release of energy into the body.

The solubility product constant is calculated by measuring the concentration of anions and cations in a solution and determining their product.

5 ml solution of Zinc, Copper and lead were added each to one of the three test tubes containing the pieces of zinc.

However, it is important to note that the amount of products produced from the atmospheric distillation process is not always proportional to the demand of the products rather it depends on the amount of crude [...]

The objective of this experiment was to synthesize methyl salicylate from salicylic acid and methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst.

The first objective of the experiment was to demonstrate how pinacol undergoes rearrangement to form pinacolone under the catalysis of heat, acid, and boiling chips.

The osmolarity of various solutions was also evaluated by noting the changes in weight of potato cylinders in the solutions. The movement of carmine particles in the water was random.

For the chemical and metallurgical industry, a thorough study of the properties of the materials used and the application of reference data for analysis and possible prediction of the results of a practical application is [...]

This variability is apparent in the morphology of starch granules regarding size and shape, the amount of amylose, the structure of amylopectin concerning the length of chains, and the position of branching.

The gas is used in the manufacture of ethane. The industry uses ethane to manufacture ethylene, which is a crucial resource in the manufacture of plastics and other chemical products.

In the second part of the work, a mixture of 10 g of solid calcium hydroxide and 50 mL of drinking water in a beaker was initially created.

Despite many challenges imposed on the balancing of equations of pertaining reactions, in school my interest was drawn into the study of organic chemistry, which entailed a study of organic carbon compounds.

First of all, it should be recalled that the use of electrochemical methods in quantitative analysis is based on the use of dependencies of measured parameters of electrochemical processes on the content or concentration of [...]

Acetone is the simplest form of the ketones. Acetone is very crucial in the field of organic chemistry.

Table 1 contains the data of direct measurements and indirect calculations for p-nitroacetanilide as a product of the EAS reaction of acetanilide. Then the theoretical mass of p-nitroacetanilide could be obtained by the following calculations: [...]

The purpose of this laboratory work was to evaluate the ideal gas law for the case of gas in a syringe when the pressure was increased.

The method used to determine the unknown compound is called Gravimetric analysis. According to Helmenstine, the gravimetric method is used to measure the compound's mass.

The virtual gel should show the band pattern that would result from incubating the plasmid with restriction enzymes as indicated below.

The beaker containing all the available pennies and, also the beaker plus half the number of pennies were to be separately weighed and recorded initially before the commencement of the experiment.

The goal of this paper is to discuss the chemical properties of water that are most important for life on Earth.

Therefore, the gluten content of flour affects the physical properties of flour and the corresponding baked products. The leavening agent was baking powder, which consists of sodium bicarbonate and potassium bitartrate.

The heating facilitates the production of formaldehyde gas that bonds the hair with the conditioner. The entire process exposes customers to the risk of inhaling the formaldehyde gas that has negative effects on the body.

Despite being various categories of the lube oil as mentioned earlier in the project, mineral lube oil from petroleum is the commonly preferred lubricating oil to the synthetic lube oil.Fig.showing lubricating oil The history of [...]

The first was to determine the unknown concentrations of samples A and B using linear dilution while the other employed the serial decimal dilution method.

Sodium chloride is a very important compound and it has thousands of uses in real life, few of them are as follows: NaCl is a raw product that is commonly used in the production of [...]

In the conversion of the precursor substance tyrosine to dopamine, the following process occurs: the rate-limiting biomolecule in catecholamine production is tyrosine hydroxylase.

Specific temperatures, therefore, are needed to be observed during the preparation of specific foodstuffs and, of course, for specific durations. The range of temperatures between 41 F to 135 F also known as the danger [...]

The concentrations of seawater and brackish water differ considerably; hence, there is a distinction involving the concentrate acquired from seawater desalination plants and brackish water desalination plants.

The aim of this experiment was to determine the pKa and molar mass values of an unknown weak acid through titration.

The first mentioning of shape memory materials was with the discovery of martensite in 1890, which was the first step for phenomenal discovery of the shape memory effect.

The price of the steel, which includes iron in its composition, differs from the steel grade. The main stage is heating of the iron ore in the blast furnace, removing the oxygen from the oxide.

The amount of oxygen present in the atmosphere and the nature of the material it comes in contact with determine the process of oxidation.

In fact, some studies have explored the unknown elements of the catalytic process in naphtha reforming. It is also necessary to note that elements in the hydrocarbons and concentrations of other elements are responsible for [...]

The amount of heat required in the blast furnace depends mainly on the following factors: The type of ore being used the composition of different ores is different and as such the heat required to [...]

While focusing on the first chemical reaction known as analysis reaction it could also be termed chemical decomposition and it is also one of the most popular chemical reaction types.

The goal of this experiment was to illustrate various parameters of radioactivity, including the plateau of a Geiger-Muller counter, finding the resolving time of a Geiger tube, verifying the inverse square law, measuring the penetrating [...]

The water was carefully drained after 40 minutes, and the egg's weight in the cup was calculated. Meanwhile, we found that corn syrup had a lower concentration of water molecules; therefore, through osmosis, water molecules [...]

An essential condition for the transition of substances to the state of liquid crystals that is for the potential for the existence of such materials is the presence of an asymmetric form of the molecules.

The length of the shoot and root of the germinated seedlings was also measured and registered. Germination rate decreased in the solution of potassium chloride.

In addition, silver is commonly formed in a wide variety of hydrothermal deposits and is associated with gold and the base metals such as copper, lead and zinc. Increase in silver concentration is an indicative [...]

Cyclohexene is a hydrocarbon with a formula C6H10. This molecule is related to cyclohexane ring with a replacement of one hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group.

The general background provides information on the various terms used to describe nylon, the history of nylon, a comparison between nylon and other natural materials, such as cotton and silk, and the standards set aside [...]

The moving hydrogen protons are essential in the process due to the absence of electrons. Phosphoric in this reaction is a catalyst to achieve the result successfully.

In the case of mitochondria, this is explained by the fact that in the respiratory chain there is a "leakage" of electrons from I and III mitochondrial enzyme complexes, due to which about 2 5% [...]

The peculiarity of the first stage of synthesis is the creation of a peptide bond by joining not the - but the -carboxyl group of glutamic acid to the amino group of cysteine.

The use of chlorine atoms as components of the polymer framework was also shown in Mart n et al; the presence of chlorine allowed a reduction in the total carbon fraction of the polymer, resulting [...]

To put it another way, despite the higher gas trapping capacity of COP-130, the retention rate of this substance in the organic framework was higher for COP-140, in which it was trichloromethane used as a [...]

Lysine also plays a vital role in the immune system, as it helps the body fight off viruses and bacteria. It is also essential for hormone production, as it helps the body produce hormones such [...]

The chemical compositions of the reacting elements or compounds dictate the nature of the reaction. The chemical reaction entails the combustion of methane gas in the presence of oxygen gas, which are the reactants.

The researchers note that their experiment was designed to mimic the primitive earth's atmosphere and not the ideal conditions required for the development of amino acids. At the experiment's conclusion, the solution in the flask [...]

Results and outcomes of the experiment IR spectrographic analysis was performed for the obtained substance, the result of which is shown in Fig.1.

A radioactive isotope is one that has an unstable nucleus, meaning that it can break apart and release a lot of energy. Fission releases energy by splitting the nucleus of a heavy element into two [...]

The choice of Glucose in the study is essential since it helps the body to function correctly as the primary energy source in the body cells.

The colorimetric method of analysis is used to determine the heat released during a chemical or physical process: the heat released in such reactions is transferred to the water by the change in temperature, of [...]

The importance of this research to modern society lies in the fact that chemical reactions on the surface of catalysts play a decisive role in many industries.

Essentially, this was the case in this paper; however, the interchanging of methods to the end interfered with the normal flow.

The essence of LIBS is specific laser irradiation of the surface area of the analyzed solid object, due to which the ablation of matter takes place. The introduction of a second pulse to the generated [...]

In fact, the LIBS device has a two-pulse characteristic: the first laser pulse ablates the detachment of matter from the substance and the accompanying heating, and the subsequent second pulse is aimed at additional excitation [...]

Jensen explains that spectrophotometers can be used to make measurements where previous methods were unable to, like measuring the amount of light absorbed by a substance at different wavelengths.

One of the defining features of ketones and aldehydes is that these compounds are not soluble in water. In conclusion, functional groups of organic compounds can help define some of their features, such as dissolution, [...]