Economics Essay Examples and Topics

Updated:
7,242 samples

Should Students Have Part-Time Jobs? Essay

Disadvantages of students engaging in part-time jobs As mentioned above, the decision to engage in part-time jobs is wholly dependent on the student.
  • 3
  • Subjects: Economic Trends
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 864

Effects of Natural Disasters Essay

Various factors influence the effects that a disaster on a country among them the magnitude of the disaster, the geography of the area affected and recovery efforts directed towards reducing the immediate effects of a [...]
  • 3.8
  • Subjects: Big Economic Issues
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1456

Four Perspectives on Globalization

This essay will explore four perspectives of globalization: the transformationalist perspective, the skeptical perspective, the hyperglobalist perspective, and the constructivist perspective. The perspectives on globalization include the transformationalist perspective, the skeptical perspective, the hyperglobalist perspective, [...]
  • 4
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 955

Starting a Business Essay – How to Start

Before one starts a business there is need to investigate whether there is a sustainable market for the goods or services that one wants to offer by assessing the consumers of your products, how many [...]
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1544

Tabby Versus Other Payments Gate Out

Klarna offers to split the purchase into four interest-free payments, online or in-store, and a 5 dollars welcome reward when the customer installs the application. The vital advantage is that Klarna provides a possibility to [...]
  • Subjects: Finance
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 947

Supply and Demand of Nike Shoes

The supply of the company is estimated to be sufficient for the existing level of demand. Due to the specific area of operation of NIKE Inc, which is the narrow sportswear market, the demand for [...]
  • Subjects: Financial Reporting
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 894

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization Essay

The report suggests the ways governments and companies may implement to reduce the negative impact of the process as well. The disadvantages of globalization are that it causes the transfer of job from developed to [...]
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 580

Ethical Issues of Targeting Uninformed Consumers

The rationale behind this statement is that uninformed consumers do not have psychological maturity, meaning that target marketing can force them to make unreasonable decisions and purchases.
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 314

Pros and Cons of the American Dream

The American dream is one of the most revered ideals of the nation and it has become a part of the American national identity.
  • 4.6
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1476

Consumerism-Effects on Society and Environment

Some of these considerations that the consumers do not mind are their need for the product and the durability of the product. They also do not mind the effects of the manufacture and disposal of [...]
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2558

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

The sixth aim is to provide all people with clean and safe water by eliminating dumping, reducing pollution, and minimizing the release of dangerous materials and chemicals.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Economic Development
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 923

Tourism and economic development

Consequently, not only is economic development a prerequisite to success in tourism in countries that supply the visitors, but it also matters in the host country.
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 13
  • Words: 3659

Stock Market Essay

As compared to other investment opportunities, although investing in the stock market can be a risky undertaking, the stock market offers a dependable performance of a diversified portfolio of stocks.
  • 3.7
  • Subjects: Investment
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 804

Nike Consumer Behavior Analysis

An observer can measure the responses of the customer and find the actual information in regard of selection preferences that are based on the brand attachment.
  • 1
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 525

Effects of Globalization

The second positive effect of globalization is that it promotes international trade and growth of wealth as a result of economic integration and free trade among countries.
  • 4.5
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 347

Positive and Normative Economics

The authors are confident that these statements are incorrect, and the reason for the misconceptions is a misunderstanding of the roots of distinction and its inaccurate interpretation.
  • Subjects: Economic Problems
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1176

Traditional vs. Online Shopping

Traditional shopping involves shoppers physically entering a brick-and-mortar store or shopping mall to select items of their choice, pay for them in cash or by credit card, and either take delivery personally or have them [...]
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 1302

Industrial Relations Theories

Some of the major unions at the time included the National Labor Union organized in 1866 and the Nobel Order of the Knight of Labor in 1869.
  • Subjects: Trade
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2173

Samsung Company Decision-Making, Strategy and Performance

In this case, the potential risks, inputs of the company's production, introduction of new products, assessment of the changes in prices and profitability, marketing analysis, and the evaluation of the various strategies, which are not [...]
  • 1
  • Subjects: Financial Reporting
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2226

Globalization in Caribbean Countries: Advantages and Disadvantages

While globalization has had an asymmetrical effect on the Caribbean's economy, the detrimental influence of global integration on Caribbean culture is evident. In addition, the enhanced connection and collaboration with the world propelled the development [...]
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 390

Jobs in the Tourism Sector

The more creativity is employed in the tourism industry, the more the number of employment opportunities. Most of the employees that work in the tourism industry are of young age meaning that the tourism industry [...]
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1681

The Negative Impacts of Globalization

Noteworthy, environmental pollution, social and moral degradation, political manipulation, and exploitation of the poor population by the wealthy nations are some of the most evident impacts of globalization in the modern world.
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 885

Economic Development of Bangladesh

This report would go for analysis the problems of economic development of a developing country and Bangladesh has been taken as an instance or model of a developing country.
  • Subjects: Economic Development
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2399

Market Structures

The prices are not arrived at through the forces of demand and supply but by the structures of the government."The agencies govern the prices they charge, the terms of their services to consumers, their budgets [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1550

Nigeria’s Economic Crisis

Causes of Nigeria's Economic Crisis Consumers, producers, and efficiency of the market The decline in Nigeria's economic growth can be attributed to market shortages of its petroleum products especially Kerosene and diesel.
  • 1
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1361

Early Retirement: Pros and Cons

In order to exhaustively evaluate the merits and demerits of an early retirement, it is important to consider the longtermview as opposed to a short term view.
  • Subjects: Economic Trends
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1486

Marx vs. Weber on Capitalism

Besides, this time was the period of the close attention of the sociologists to the bourgeois society and the development of capitalism."The debate over the relationship between Marx's political economy and Max Weber's interpretative sociology, [...]
  • 3
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1154

Samsung: Globalization Effects on Growth and Performance

Samsung Electronics is such a giant electronics technology conglomeration that has taken advantage of globalisation and the dynamic advancement of technology to expand its business internationally. The pursuit of technology and globalisation has influenced various [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1144

Marx and Weber and How their Views Differ on Religion

Capitalism Marx attributes the emergence of the capitalist system to the historical advancement of the material aspect of the society. Capitalism rose as the new mode of production after the emergence of government control and [...]
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1873

Responsible Consumption and Production

Encouraging industries, enterprises, and consumers to implement recycling and waste reduction and the principles of a cyclical economy is one of the main necessary changes that can have a significant impact on society as a [...]
  • Subjects: Big Economic Issues
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 508

Thomas Friedman’s Three Eras of Globalization

The discovery of new forms of communication led to the information revolution in the second era of globalization. According to Friedman, the world has become flat in the new era of globalization.
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 866

UAE Stock Markets: ADX and DFM Performance Comparison

ADX was established on November 15, 2000, with the goal of trading the shares of local UAE companies. Dividend Yield was used to assess the performance of all the companies over a 5-year period from [...]
  • Subjects: Trade
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 711

“How to Judge Globalism?” by Amartya Sen

The concept helps in raising the standards of living of people in developing countries through the spread of knowledge. Appropriate use of globalization may lead to the mitigation of poverty in the world.
  • 3
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1117

“The Gift of Strawberries” by Robin Kimmerer

In these descriptions, Kimmerer explains the first principles of the gift of the economy, such as everything that people receive is a gift from the land, but a present they can give is their time, [...]
  • Subjects: Economic Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 925

Pros and Cons of Hosting the World Cup

Considering that grants would be obtained from FIFA to partly support the preparation, the revenue body in the state would benefit from such grant and the developments that will be carried out with the support [...]
  • 3
  • Subjects: Economic Problems
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2231

Effects of Globalization in the UAE

In this section, the positive and negative impacts of globalization in the UAE are discussed with examples mainly from the City of Dubai.
  • 3.3
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1068

Human Development Index: Limitations and Benefits

The development of education in the country is based on the mean of years among adults aged 25 years and the expected schooling duration of children at the time of schooling age.
  • Subjects: Economic Development
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 840

The Importance of Service Industries in Economic Growth

The pursuit of service economy, which dictates the specialization in the service industries, is one of the newest economic concepts that ensure the realization of the economic growth.
  • 3.6
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1572

Schumpeter’s Innovation Theory

Schumpeter's theory provides that the leading role of an entrepreneur in the economic field is the introduction of innovations from which the reward is gaining profits.
  • Subjects: Economic Theories
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1007

Youth Unemployment as a Social Issue

Different factors have led to the high levels of youth unemployment, with the most widely studied of them being the skills that are available to the unemployed youths.
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2207

McDonald’s Finance Sources

Therefore, this means that although the main purpose of all business is to get revenue form the sales that they make, it is also important to invest some of the proceeds to some other forms [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Financial Growth
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1612

Imports and Exports

We are also able to get clothing and other related products in the fashion industry at cheap prices as compared to what is available domestically.
  • 4
  • Subjects: Fair Trade
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 699

Advantages and Disadvantages of Integration

Integration among countries have brought challenge to small and medium scale players as they are not able to compete effectively with multinationals operating in the same industry.
  • 2.3
  • Subjects: Macroeconomics
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 634

Government Intervention in the Economy

The downside of such an approach is the limited capacity for growth, which is especially apparent in developing countries, where it is constrained by the restrictive monetary policies and recession.
  • Subjects: Economic Concepts
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1253

Elasticity of Demand

In this regard, price elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in demand for a given commodity due to unit change in price of the commodity.
  • 4.5
  • Subjects: Microeconomics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1436

Monopoly as a Market Structure

First are the natural monopolies which occur due to the fact that only the firm is able to access resources used in the production of the final product. Therefore, the equation TR=P*Q is represented by [...]
  • Subjects: Microeconomics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 534

Globalization

The fact that more western countries established more and more companies in the developing countries was expected to believed will help accelerate their profits by taking advantage of the available as a result of the [...]
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 3011

Fair Trade Essay

Besides, fair trade emphasizes the alteration of various operations and policies of conventional trade to promote equity in the business. It is essential to the note that the farmer is a member of the cooperative [...]
  • 4.4
  • Subjects: Fair Trade
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1475

Tesco Plc Financial Analysis and Recommendation

Activity or Turnover ratios are used to evaluate a companys efficiency and effectiveness in the undertaking of its day-to-day operations, according to Sharma.
  • Subjects: Financial Reporting
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1628

International and Regional Organizations

And finally, the writer gives a case study of the US as a country practicing open economy and free trade and describes the US international political economy over the years.
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1650

Why You Should to Invest?

Considering the liquidity of money and changes in global economies, future investments are one of the surest ways of ensuring the economic sustainability of individuals or organizations.
  • Subjects: Investment
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 867

Globalization: Positive and Negative Effects

On the one hand, globalization contributes to strengthening the world economy, appropriate resources allocation, the interaction between different countries, and the development of lagging countries due to access to up-to-date technology.
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 369

Roles of International Financial Institutions Essay

This paper is a discussion of the roles played by the International Financial Institutions in their mandate to assist by collaborating with the private sectors in pursuit for adjusting the techniques to suit the required [...]
  • 4.4
  • Subjects: Finance
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1267

Financial Reporting

The users have to clearly understand the accounting policies that a firm adopts in preparation of the financial statements and therefore, the accountants considers the following;the purpose of financial reporting, the salient features that make [...]
  • Subjects: Finance
  • Pages: 11
  • Words: 3028

BRICS Nations and Economies

The most recent overview of the BRICS trade results claims that the region has around 23 percent of the world GDP.
  • Subjects: Theories of International Trade
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 654

Globalization and Organizational Behavior in Company

It is also challenging to regulate the ethical behavior of a culturally diverse organization and different government and legal systems in different countries to be in line with the corporate culture.
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 597

“The Globalization of Markets” by Theodore Levitt

The shifting understanding of trade in the 1980s affected the way companies approached the market: previously, the concept had been that companies should supply to customers what customers think they want and need; at the [...]
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 863

Fordism, Its Benefits and Critique

It is, therefore, the duty of the managers to choose the theory that best fits their organization and that which contributes to organizational success. The theory was meant to increase the level of production in [...]
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2514

What Is the Iraqi Dinar Scam

In 1990, the rate of the dinar to the US$ dropped to 3. For that reason, it is not wise to exchange the US$ for the Iraqi dinar.
  • Subjects: Currency
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 846

Economic Policies That Overstepped Biblical Principles

The government has gone against the Bible's principles in the policies it makes in to stimulate the economy, specifically in its pieces of legislation relating to business regulation and taxation.
  • Subjects: Political Economy Processes
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 822

Factors that Influence International Business

On the other hand, if the prices of goods and services in the international market are higher than the prices in the domestic market, the country will opt to sell its commodities in the international [...]
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1999

Market Structures: Monopolistic Competition

According to Mankiw, a monopolistic competition market structure is characterized by the presence of numerous small firms, each being relatively small in comparison to the overall market size.
  • Subjects: Economic Concepts
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 754

The Retail Grocery Market Structure in Australia

The influence that organizations in an oligopoly market structure have is very similar to the influence of a monopoly organization because the few organizations in oligopoly have full influence on prices. In an oligopoly market [...]
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2428

Purchase and Product Involvement when Buying

Purchase involvement refers to the "level of concern for or interest in the purchase process, once the purchase process has been triggered by the need to consider a particular purchase".
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2539

How to Create a Better Economy

They will be in a position to raise capital and operate at maximum capacity because of the incentives provided by the government.
  • Subjects: Economic Development
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 354

Financial Globalization Advantages & Disadvantages

According to Bhagwati, globalization is the integration of countries' economies, people, societies and their culture across the world through the spread of technology, networks of communication, trade and transportation.
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1740

Tariffs, Their Advantages and Disadvantages

The primary objective of the essay is to evaluate the pros and cons of tariffs. As the primary goal of tariffs is to provide favorable conditions for the development of national manufacturers, foreign producers experience [...]
  • Subjects: Taxation
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1345

Challenges Facing the Resort Industry

Many of the services offered in resorts like serving food, tour guiding, massage and other relaxation services cannot be automated and therefore resorts will continue to face challenges of high labor costs.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 582

Macro-Environment (PESTLE Analysis) of Target Corporation

It is essential for Target Corporation to study current trends in the development of the country's political scenario since changes in government can transform the priorities of the government about the development of various sectors [...]
  • Subjects: Macroeconomics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1441

Islamic Economic System and Socialism Comparison

As to the philosophy division, Karl Marx based his exploration on the dialectical theory of Hegel, and with the abandonment of the idealistic views, introduced the theory of materialism.
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2723

Customer Service Field: Internship Experience

I learned how to handle customer requests and complaints and forward them to the responsible staff at the bank. Each day of the internship period in the customer service section was often coupled with a [...]
  • Subjects: Banking Analysis
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 574

Consumer Behaviour and Psychological Motives

In this case, it is assumed that the satisfaction of the consumer is dependent on the performance of the product or the perceptions of the consumer in relation to the product, and the motivations that [...]
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1858

The Value of a Customer Complaint

However, a complaint is one of the ways for the customer to inform the business on how to continue developing. Complaints are an efficient and effective way to inform the business that it has a [...]
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 645

The Role of Innovation in the Development

Innovation is one of the causal factors of fundamental changes in the livelihood of people in the society. The role of innovation in the development of military, economic, and cultural superiority was the facilitation of [...]
  • 5
  • Subjects: Economic Development
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1638

Too Big to Fail

The fall in the mortgage market in the US quickly spread like a wild fire to the whole financial sector in the Country and to all other sectors of the economies.
  • Subjects: Economic Development
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1468

Supply and Demand: The Case of Milk

The price of milk in the short-term period will remain unchanged, as the growing demand for milk products does not reduce the costs of milk production.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Microeconomics
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1074

Property Taxes for Owners of Habitat for Humanity Houses

The second argument for establishing a tax break for the owners of the Habitat for Humanity houses is the patent unfairness of the current system of determining the tax rate for this category of property [...]
  • Subjects: Taxation
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1469

Problems of Globalization Process

Many problems of the contemporary world, from poverty to environmental degradation, are casually linked to the process of globalization Globalisation refers to the increased awareness among nations of the world.
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1127

Housing: Renting and Owning a House

The decision to rent a house will result in minimum costs. This strategy will reduce the costs associated with owning a house.
  • Subjects: Housing
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 556

How Natural Disasters Affect the Economy

The accrual of physical capital plays a pivotal role in the growth of an economy. Using this method, it is evident that natural disasters improve the state of technology in a nation.
  • Subjects: Influences on Political Economy
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1359

Concept of Globalisation and Cultural Diversity

The Concept of Globalisation Globalisation can be defined as the minimisation of the differences between people of the world and the maximisation of their similarities through interactions, cooperation and communication.
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3416

Needs and Wants

Needs are wants that the population already has but is not prepared to pay for it. The distinction between true needs and false needs is the the difference between needs and wants.
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 564

Importance of Being a Global Citizen

The relevance of being a global citizen is that through international encounters, people develop a considerable awareness of the problems faced by various parts of the world.
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 893

Why Money Is Important: Benefits & Downsides

The notion originated from the Bible because the person who made Jesus suffer on the cross was enticed by the love of money to forsake Jesus.
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 826

Market Failures and Their Reasons

The use of natural resources at a rate higher than nature's capacity to restore itself will result in the pollution of air, water, and land.from the standpoint of the environmental crisis.
  • Subjects: Microeconomics
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2050

Substitute Goods

The quantity of a product supplied in the market is directly proportional to the prices of the product in the market.
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1094

Globalization as a positive factor

The essay therefore explains the importance of globalization, the economic impact on individuals and countries and how the international security system has been affected as well as the factors that have supported the growth of [...]
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2261

The Impact of Globalization on the International Hotel Industry

International hotel industry can be discusses from the angle of domestic hotels that have the capacity of serving international customers or those multinational companies in the hotel industry which ever the approach, the effects of [...]
  • 4
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1928

Students Loans: Advantages and Disadvantages

One is that it enables the student to settle the bills and pay school fees. The amount of loans taken by students is reported to have decreased nowadays.
  • Subjects: Finance
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 569

What Are the Limitations of the Lewis Model?

The main limitation of the Lewis model is that there were two models: that of Lewis's original ideas and advocacy for the economic development of the tropical countries, and the Lewis model advocated by Fei [...]
  • Subjects: Economic Theories
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2758

Globalization and Development

Some of the environmental aspects that will determine the growth rate of globalization include the development of economic output, not forgetting encouragement of technological development. It is now clear that for development to take place [...]
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2351

Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior

Therefore, consumer behaviors depend on age and the suitability of certain goods and services to certain ages. The wants and needs of married people are more.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1113

Demand Factors and Law of Demand Essay

In the market, the forces of demand and supply determine the prices of goods and services. In this regard, there are various assumptions made in relation to the law of demand for the establishment of [...]
  • Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 877

Social Media Effects on Consumer Behaviour

The paper features sections about the aspects of consumer behavior, the relationships between customers' trust and the growth of social media, the effects of electronic word-of-mouth, and the significance of brand awareness.
  • Subjects: Consumer Science
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2010

Unemployment: Causes and Effects

Employers seek to recoup the costs of inflation by constantly increasing the financial performance of sales. One of these methods is to increase the gross profit ratio by reducing the cost of production.
  • Subjects: Economic Problems
  • Pages: 1
  • Words: 324

Concept of the Globalization’ Ideology

The basic ideology of globalization is liberalization of trade and integration of free markets to enhance social, economic, and political stability across the world.
  • Subjects: Globalization
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1185

Free Trade vs. Protectionism

The root cause of the problem is the desire for local industries to be protected from an influx of cheap foreign imports.
  • Subjects: Trade
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 680
Research Title Generator
We’ll help you brainstorm great title ideas for your essay, research or speech in no time!
Research Question Generator
Get a list of ideas for your essay or term paper. We’ve prepared the best research question generator.
Title Page
Generator
Craft a paper title page with just a couple of clicks. Get it in APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard without any effort
Updated: