Sociology Essay Examples and Topics. Page 69

10,460 samples

Axel Honneth Views on Feminism

Axel Honneth's theory of recognition is a revision of Hegelian theory of recognition and presents an open support for garnering recognition of women but falls short of identifying the real reason for the continued denigration [...]
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2527

Ineffectiveness of the “War on Drugs” Campaign

The American government has been using powerful measures and laws to deal with the problem. The main area of concern therefore focuses on the effectiveness of this fight against illicit drugs in the United States.
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 546

The Animal Rights and Welfare Debates

The traditional attitude towards animals was based on the assertion that animals have no rights, and therefore it is not the subject of moral concerns.
  • Subjects: Animal Rights
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2124

Interpersonal Communication in the Digital Era

In conflict situations, the study found that it is more appropriate to use digital means of communication than face-to-face conversations. Indeed, the study found that the use of technology to communicate in conflict scenarios is [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 592

Volunteering Portfolio: Methodist Church of Britain

The volunteers also have something to gain from the act; a volunteer is able to view life from positive perspective, they are able to gain experience in their areas of careers, especially college students and [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2757

The Interplay between Problem Orientation and Adolescent Well-Being

The article under consideration is perfectly prepared: several chapters of the article present clear information upon the chosen issue, properly planned tables provide the reader with a chance to concentrate on the main issues, students [...]
  • Subjects: Society's Imperfections
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 834

Disease Concept of Alcoholism

The universal definition of a disease is anything that is capable of causing an imbalance in the body's nervous system thus, going by this definition then it is a disease, but in this century whereby [...]
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1217

A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life

On reaching the new land however, most of them weakened from the inhospitable cities and climate in America in addition to the back-breaking labor most of them had to undertake in order to survive.
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1767

Child Maltreatment among Asian Americans

This paper will endeavor to expose the nature of the maltreatment meted upon the Asian Americans, an ethnic minority in the USA.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2518

Animal Identification: Benefits and Concerns

The National Animal Identification System is the main body that is responsible for animal identification in the United States. Not only is animal identification important to the public, it is also of great help to [...]
  • Subjects: Animal Rights
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 591

“Sex and the City” Concept

Still, such concepts like female sexuality, fame, the desire to achieve something and become someone in the city remain to be of the same importance and are characterized male desire to gain control over the [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 835

Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol

One of the implications of the adolescent and adult driving while intoxicated is enduring the life after the occurrence of breaking the law.
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1122

“Sense of Place” Concept: Literature Views

In this paper, several steps are taken to define the values of three works: the identification of the sense of place is obligatory first, and then Lee's When the Levees Broke, Koolhaas' Delirious New York, [...]
  • Subjects: Slavery
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1953

Same-Sex Domestic Violence Problem

Domestic violence in gay or lesbian relationships is a serious matter since the rates of domestic violence in such relationships are almost equivalent to domestic violence in heterosexual relationships. There are a number of misconceptions [...]
  • Subjects: Violence
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1089

Patriarchy and Changes in 1950s

The 1950s was the period of time in which America realized the prosperity of the manufacturing of home appliances such as washing machines, vacuum cleaners, cookers, and many others. Her songs If I were a [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1136

Race and Ethnic Groups Diversity in America

The group makes the racial majority with 77% of the US population. This state of play was based on matters such as segregations, favoritisms, and inequality in resource distribution The interviewing involved a one on [...]
  • 1
  • Subjects: Racism
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1319

Male and Female Communication Styles

And one more reason responsible for occurring problems in communication between men and women is the way they perceive the reaction to their words.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 577

Female vs Male Business Networks

In addition, relying on females in managerial position wholly is disadvantageous to the firm since women have been found to be driven by emotions compared with men.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 616

Sex and Gender: Why Sex Change Operations?

Practices such as transgender operations often surprise people due to sensitivity of ethics, morality, and procedures that lead to realization of the processes that are involved.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1119

Discrimination in the USA: Cases and Policies

Discrimination affects the victims to the extent that they are not able to participate fully in a group, or they are not able to behave the way they should in the group. The movement was [...]
  • Subjects: Racism
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1102

African Poverty at the Millennium: Causes and Challenges

The book "African Poverty at the Millennium: Causes, Complexities, and Challenges" explores the issue of poverty in Africa. In the second part of the book, the authors discuss the social, political, and economic causes of [...]
  • Subjects: Poverty
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 837

Sociology: Is Guanxi Corruption?

In China, Guanxi has been in use for a very long time and has been socially accepted as a way of life, both in the day-to-day activities and also in business practices.
  • Subjects: Society's Imperfections
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2529

Digital Storytelling Role in the UAE National Identity

The topic of the research as indicated by the title of the journal article is about the application of digital, storytelling in enhancing a sense of national identity among Emirati students.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1396

Elder’s Stories About Past and Present

People were in a condition where the infrastructure and regular way of life was destroyed and they had to rebuild the world.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 860

Campaign Against Gender-Based Violence in the UAE

Additionally, the culture of the citizens of the UAE has been blamed for the general mistreatment of women and girls. The Freedom House reveals that Sharia law has been interpreted to suggest that women are [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1682

Are Millennials Too Big to Fail? by Lynda Bekore

The purpose of this article is to draw people's attention to the outcomes of the focus on self-esteem rather than adequate assessment and real achievements.
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1006

Income Inequality and Education Opportunities

It is due to this obvious trend that protesters in The moral issue in the case of this issue is the issue of "the denial of opportunity" that people face when confronted with income inequality.
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1143

Ethics and Gender: Empowering Societies

The topic "Ethics and Gender" highlights the major challenges affecting many people in the society. The essay presents the best arguments in order to support the importance of this topic.
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 879

Affirmative Action Policy Pros and Cons

Women and ethnic minority groups are subjects of discrimination and exclusion especially in the labor and education sectors. The introduction of affirmative action abolished this lack of access to education and gave minority groups an [...]
  • Subjects: Racism
  • Pages: 9
  • Words: 2529

Generation Y: Researches and Criticisms

Sociologists and psychologists research the special traits of the modern youth also known as the Milennials, Generation Y and the Facebook Generation, writers and philosophers theorize about the differences between the modern youth and the [...]
  • Subjects: Society's Imperfections
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 557

Racism in the Setting the Rising Sun Postcard

Analyzing the postcard entitled: "Setting the Rising Sun" requires background information on racism and the significance of the surprise attack of Pearl Harbor on the general consciousness of the American people. It is easy to [...]
  • Subjects: Racism
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1550

UAE’s Demographic Imbalance

There is no doubt that the UAE's suffers from an acute demographic imbalance given the evidence that statistics indicates that the locals have been outnumbered by foreigners.
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 19
  • Words: 5159

Concepts in “Representation & Media” by S. Hall

By linking representation to power, Hall makes a statement about the necessity for the participants of a specific communication process to work on identifying the points of contact between their systems of representation, as the [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 587

Just War in Human Rights Perspective

When a war is about to begin, people, who start the war, have to understand the role of human rights in the process of making decisions and clearly identify the peculiarities of the just war.
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 574

The Immigrants of Florida: Advocacy Methods

The main advantage of this method is that it can increase the awareness of many stakeholders as quickly as possible. The main benefit of this approach is that it can lead to development of new [...]
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 866

Gender Construction and Child’s Play

Parents influence their children to play or not to play with Barbie dolls has great impact on defining the children's sense of gender role, and socialisation.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2069

Women in the Gulf Countries: Transformation

While the transformation in the GCC countries has been widely discussed in literature, the experience of women in the transformation is still an under-researched issue.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2259

Japanese Geisha and Gender Identity Issues

The paper notes that geisha women/girls pamper male egos and thus play a role in upholding the status quo where the male gender is perceived as stronger than the female gender.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2798

The Human Right to Privacy: Microsoft and the NSA

Microsoft had started to collaborate with the NSA to help it to offer services to its customers, but as they progressed, the NSA began to access all the programs of the Microsoft that made private [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1436

Media View in Shaping Immigration

However, the rise in the number of divisive issues has contributed to the rise of a national debate that sparks a need for policies to respond to the challenges of immigration.
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 3027

Dominant Ideology and Contradiction

America was no exception to dominant ideologies and contradictions long before the period of the Declaration of Independence to present days.
  • Subjects: Racism
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1964

“Where Are the Missing Masses?” by Bruno Latour

Latour makes it obvious that the era of technology presupposes the integration of machine mediated morality into the set of ethical principles that people are guided by.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 299

Alcohol Effects on College Learners

Apart from the high number of deaths that are associated with the social menace, the problem has also been the main cause of low grades among students.
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1405

Developing a Culture of Gender Equality by Awadhi

The author is one of the modern and educated women in the UAE, which provides evidence of her ability to develop an article describing the state of women in the country.
  • Subjects: Gender Inequality
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 913

Gendered Body: Construction and Condition

However, instead of people perceiving it as the signifier, the social norms, ideas and notions have conditioned the same people to perceive the same body as the real meaning.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2222

“I Have a Dream” Speech by Martin Luther King Jr

Unlike previous presentations, the speech had an influence on the overall realization and implementation of statutory provisions that were critical to the sustenance of equality and justice in society.
  • Subjects: Rhetoric
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1086

Africanity vs Blackness in America and Brazil

Similarly, PBS aired a documentary that traced the roots of African slaves in South America and explored their influence on the local South American culture.
  • Subjects: Identity
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2268

Substance Abusers’ Clinical Treatment

According to the author of this article, understanding the past, present, and future of substance abuse treatment is quite important to a social worker.
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1435

Propaganda as a Social Phenomenon

Edgar Henderson, also comprehensively in propaganda scholarship, argues that propaganda is basically a social phenomenon owing to its objectivity and capacity to appeal to the psychological or sociopsychological dispositions of individuals.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 863

Economics and Human Rights: Intersecting Theories

Theories allied to the two disciplines play a critical role in explaining development because human rights theories give economists an opportunity to employ legal and political concepts in the process of drafting policies aimed at [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1120

Gender Gap in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics

The common argument against affirmative action in STEM is that since there are no tangible barriers for women to enter the STEM field, it is thus a matter of their choice which should be respected. [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Inequality
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 868

Sexuality in Disabled People and Social Attitude

The essay will look into the challenges and setbacks facing the physically challenged persons in their sexual lives to come up with a number of recommendations on how to improve the group's sexual lives.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1383

Women’s and Men’s Consumer Behavior

The idea of shopping is not important to most men and therefore they try to spend as little time as possible in a store or a mall.
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 551

Living in the Matrix of Online Communication

Despite an amazing range of opportunities, which IT of the 21st century has to offer, the boundaries, which these technologies set for communication process, are much more restricting than people may conceive; therefore, in order [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1123

Does Racism and Discrimination Still Exist Today?

This fact explains why racism and discrimination are inseparable in many parts of the globe. Sex discrimination continues to affect the goals and expectations of many women in our society.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Racism
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 997

Animal Testing and Ethics

I believe it is also difficult to develop efficient legislation on the matter as people have different views on animal research and the line between ethical and unethical is blurred in this area.
  • Subjects: Animal Rights
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 566

White Privilege, Its History and Modern State

The matter of white privilege is especially acute for the people of other races who experience it in every sphere of life from unskilled work to art and the most complex scientific research.
  • Subjects: Racism
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 956

Marriage Decline as a Social Problem in the US

To discuss the social illness of declining marriages in the US, the incorporated is the social constructionist perspective. The origins of the constructionism can be traced back to the attempts to establish the nature of [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1435

Addiction’s Etiology: Models and Theories

An example of such a model is the 12-step approach that appeared in 1935 and emphasized the necessity of the "spiritual awakening" of the addicts.
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 943

Race Mixture in Nakashima’s An Invisible Monster

The article under consideration exemplifies the attempts of the American society to overcome the pressure of multi-racism through creating the scientific background for rejecting the idea of mixed-race people.
  • Subjects: Racism
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 562

Huiguan for Chinese Immigrants in America

It is hard to argue with the importance of the huiguan from the point of view of religion. It can also be said that every member of such organization felt like there is a connection [...]
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 557

Colored Abaya’s Impact on Emirati Identity

Often men and women of Emirati origin make use of their national dress as a symbol of distinction, as well as a point of boundary to the maintenance of their national identity in a society [...]
  • Subjects: Identity
  • Pages: 13
  • Words: 3871

Greed as a Useful Instrument for Society

The public opinion has been unequivocal as well: the greed deserves the scorn; it is unacceptable in the context of the social propriety.
  • Subjects: Ethics
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1356

People as Co-Producers of the Everyday World

Despite the huge impact, which the societal stereotypes have on people's lives and behaviour, people, in fact, have a tangible effect on the evolution of the everyday world, since they define the cultural tendencies and [...]
  • Subjects: Everyday Interactions
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1147

Human Services Challenges and Solutions

The major obstacles that hinder the ability of the clients to access services across agencies were the inability of the agencies to share their data.
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1406

Nonverbal Communication in Business and Politics

The Body Language Documentary concentrates on and illustrates the use of human body language as a means of communication. Hence, the assumption of dissimilar postures could have at least a slight impact on the way [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 572

Substance Use Disorder Treatment and Support

The family will also be forced to use the best strategies in order to take care of the affected person. Members of the family and relatives should also acquire similar skills in order to interact [...]
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1117

Equity and Equality of Resources by R. Dworkin

As a matter of fact, resolution for this problem should be measures adopted to promote and empower individuals in the society, who are the main beneficiaries of equality in resource sharing.
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 555

Third World Feminism and Its Challenges

As a conclusion, Sa'ar states that "it is rooted in the code of familial commitment, which is primarily masculine and includes women only secondarily," which makes it difficult for women to commit to the family, [...]
  • Subjects: Feminism
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1148

The Dubai World Central’ Marketing Strategy

At the same time, the definition provided in the textbook by Ryan is much deeper and includes different aspects of visual literacy, such as the role of other senses in visual literacy and how it [...]
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 574

Mass Media Role in Stereotyping Females in Sports

The increase in the number of women in sports led to increased media coverage. The aim of the current research is to assess the role of mass media in stereotyping females in sports.
  • Subjects: Gender Inequality
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 1962

National Identity Cards in Developing Countries

The proposed research study will seek to assess the loopholes that exist in the system for registered citizens in developing countries, particularly, in relation to financial infusion, insecurity, and terrorism, with a view of categorizing [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 815

Sicilian Mafia in the US Before and After John Gotti

The reason for this is that, as opposed to what it used to be the case with American society of the time, in which people were encouraged to believe that the relationship between the authority [...]
  • Subjects: Violence
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1671

Convention on the Rights of the Child in Canada

The four core Articles of the UNCRC are commonly assumed to account for the following: According to this Article, the provisions of the UNCRC apply to all children indiscriminately, with the governments of the state-signatories [...]
  • Subjects: Human Rights
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1689

The Drug Effect: Health, Crime and Society

Fraser and Moore's case study describes a number of complex social processes and relations that usually surround the drug production and consumption like the development of stereotypes, neglect of the existing social norms, and human [...]
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1132

Violence in Adolescent Relationship

Thus, the investigation of violence in the adolescence is important for the future understanding of the family relations of the adults.
  • Subjects: Violence
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 854

The Culture of Volunteering in Saudi Arabia

In most parts of the world, volunteering is often considered as one of the ways that people give back to the community without the need to provide material or financial aid.
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 12
  • Words: 3019

Women and the Executive Glass Ceiling Worldwide

In fact, there is little doubt that each of the women has had to take on huge odds to make it in their respective field and in addition to a lot of hard work and [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1113

Addiction: Methods and Approaches

First and foremost it must be noted that the main difference between the methadone maintenance approach and the therapeutic community approach is that the former believes in illegal substance abstinence through the use of substitute [...]
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 7
  • Words: 2093

Gender Roles in South Korean Laws and Society

At the same time, all custody is traditionally granted to husbands and fathers in a case of a divorce" though the anxiety about the high divorce rate and the nasty endings of relationships is more [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Inequality
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1139

Mondawmin Community Service Delivery Plan

Through the service delivery plan, the relevant authorities in the region will put in place the relevant measures for reducing or eliminating the above predicament in the region.
  • Subjects: Overcoming Difficulties
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1766

European Identity: Concept and Description

The body of the discussion ends with requisite conditions that should be met by the European Union members in order to realize the dream of European identity.
  • Subjects: Identity
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1149

Civil Rights Movement by E. Durkheim and K. Marx

The theories will also be used to predict the future of racism in the United States. The level of segregation experienced in the country led to new interferences and constraints.
  • 4
  • Subjects: Sociological Theories
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 1377

Social Issues in Self Help in Hard Times by Zinn

The following are the main points from the chapter 15 of the Self Help in Hard Times book that were determined as Zinn's main points of interest: The first main point of Zinn in this [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 568

Stigma Management in Society

Homeless people are considered unproductive and harmful to the rest of society, while overweight persons are perceived as individuals who consume large quantities of food substances. Some members of the society also think these people [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 641

Gender Representation: Equilibrium in Political Systems

The major political discussion in the conference was that the women in the country are under-represented in leadership, as well as, decision-making roles in the public spheres even though they are the majority in the [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 544

Continuum of Deviant Social Structures

Contribution of members in deviance, services rendered to deviants, kind of socialization, the magnitude of intricacies of deviant indulgencies, and deviant member's security in their operations are all a function of organizational sophistication of deviant [...]
  • Subjects: Society's Imperfections
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1130

The Six Persons’ Communication Model

In the communication chain, when the originator sends a message to first person, the message passes on through the communication chain to the last person in the chain without feedback loop.
  • Subjects: Communications
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 561

School Violence Causes and Intervention

Many psychologists would refer the roots of such violence to be from experiences of individual imbalance, poor parenting and lack of ways to uphold traditional practices and eventually having a guilty conscience which drives most [...]
  • Subjects: Violence
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 693

Social Influences on Children’ Growing Up

As a social basic unit family life is inevitably impacted up on by community circumstances and in turn impacts up on the growth and development of a child.
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 8
  • Words: 2280

International Migration Trends

Workplace abuse in receiving countries is one of the major problems facing Filipino migrants and their government. Additionally, some female Filipino migrants work as entertainers in countries such as Japan and the United States of [...]
  • Subjects: Immigration
  • Pages: 10
  • Words: 2730

Should Marijuana Be Treated Like Alcohol?

Considering the benefits that would accompany the legalization of marijuana and its treatment like alcohol, I strongly agree with Buckley's comparison; marijuana should be treated like alcohol. First, the use of marijuana affects the body [...]
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1667

Drug Producing: Theory, Practice and Law

Drug use can lead to a couple of dangerous choices, because the one using the drug usually has a poor lack of judgment when called upon to make a decision while under the influence of [...]
  • Subjects: Drug and Alcohol Addiction
  • Pages: 5
  • Words: 2349

Global Population Increasing and Control

Survival for the fittest hypothesis: If the population is not controlled, the natural selection aspect will work efficiently to ensure that the best species of the human race survive.
  • Subjects: Overpopulation
  • Pages: 6
  • Words: 1664

Sustainable Communities: Strengths and Weaknesses

If a community suffers from any health problem that comes about because of pollution, chances are high that many resources will be wasted in securing the wellbeing of the community instead of channeling the funds [...]
  • Subjects: Sociological Issues
  • Pages: 4
  • Words: 1161

Public Speaking: Ethics and Critical Thinking

The audience should be able to trust the speaker. The speaker will also use valid arguments and facts before presenting his or her findings to the audience.
  • 5
  • Subjects: Rhetoric
  • Pages: 2
  • Words: 558

Sexual Desire and Gender: Masculinity and Femininity Roles

In a recent study conducted in the University of Texas, no student admitted that he or she engages in sex with the main purpose of reproduction, which proves that they gain the experience of sexual [...]
  • Subjects: Gender Studies
  • Pages: 3
  • Words: 852